Therapists in Forsyth County, NC

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Photo of Jessica Hatton, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHCS
Jessica Hatton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHCS
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Supervisor, specializing in the integration of faith in counseling. My goal is to provide hope, help, and healing to other people across North Carolina via tele-therapy. Some areas of specialty are: anxiety, worry, depression, marriage, past wounds, parenting, adjustments, grief and bereavement, postpartum, isolation, ruminating thoughts and behaviors, relationship issues, spiritual struggles, and boundaries.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Supervisor, specializing in the integration of faith in counseling. My goal is to provide hope, help, and healing to other people across North Carolina via tele-therapy. Some areas of specialty are: anxiety, worry, depression, marriage, past wounds, parenting, adjustments, grief and bereavement, postpartum, isolation, ruminating thoughts and behaviors, relationship issues, spiritual struggles, and boundaries.
(336) 916-7220 View (336) 916-7220
Photo of Katherine Judd, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC
Katherine Judd
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC
Winston Salem, NC 27101
Anxiety and stress isn’t something new but lately your thoughts are taking over your life. You know they don't make sense but you can’t control them. You blocked it out before but now you can’t focus at work, at school, or be with others. Avoiding people, places, and things started out small but has become a way of life and you feel trapped. The guilt, sadness, and pressure you feel every day has become more than you can bear. Sometimes you feel like you can even trust your own thoughts. If you're a parent reading this, you may have tried everything but seeing your child struggle is heartbreaking. You need help.
Anxiety and stress isn’t something new but lately your thoughts are taking over your life. You know they don't make sense but you can’t control them. You blocked it out before but now you can’t focus at work, at school, or be with others. Avoiding people, places, and things started out small but has become a way of life and you feel trapped. The guilt, sadness, and pressure you feel every day has become more than you can bear. Sometimes you feel like you can even trust your own thoughts. If you're a parent reading this, you may have tried everything but seeing your child struggle is heartbreaking. You need help.
(336) 742-3883 View (336) 742-3883
Photo of Tracy D'Andrea Charles, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Tracy D'Andrea Charles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
2 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27103
Not accepting new clients
Often times we journey through life and due to experiences, circumstances and life's challenges, life can become overwhelming and begin to feel hopeless. Thoughts such as "I can't do this much longer", "this isn't the way it was supposed to be", can often plague our mind. My desire is to journey along with you to help you get in touch with your underlying needs, explore barriers to change, build on solutions, break negative patterns and develop coping skills to enable you to live in the fullness God would have for you.
Often times we journey through life and due to experiences, circumstances and life's challenges, life can become overwhelming and begin to feel hopeless. Thoughts such as "I can't do this much longer", "this isn't the way it was supposed to be", can often plague our mind. My desire is to journey along with you to help you get in touch with your underlying needs, explore barriers to change, build on solutions, break negative patterns and develop coping skills to enable you to live in the fullness God would have for you.
(336) 814-2842 View (336) 814-2842
Photo of Tanya Gunter, Licensed Professional Counselor, MAEd, NCC, LCMHC
Tanya Gunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAEd, NCC, LCMHC
2 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27101
Waitlist for new clients
The therapeutic process is an opportunity to to address problematic issues in a safe, nurturing environment that will encourage growth toward healing, self-awareness, coping and wellness. I specialize in counseling women, men and adolescents who strive to change unhealthy patterns and learn new ways of becoming successful, happy and peaceful. If you find yourself thinking, "Life shouldn't be this hard," I can help you examine the disconnect you feel and and turn it into knowledge that works for you. Choices rather than limitations; power over powerlessness.
The therapeutic process is an opportunity to to address problematic issues in a safe, nurturing environment that will encourage growth toward healing, self-awareness, coping and wellness. I specialize in counseling women, men and adolescents who strive to change unhealthy patterns and learn new ways of becoming successful, happy and peaceful. If you find yourself thinking, "Life shouldn't be this hard," I can help you examine the disconnect you feel and and turn it into knowledge that works for you. Choices rather than limitations; power over powerlessness.
(336) 949-6149 View (336) 949-6149
Photo of Jake Ottman, MA, LCMHC
Jake Ottman
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Clemmons, NC 27012
Many of my clients come to me when they feel stuck in their relationships, overwhelmed by responsibilities, or weighed down by stress and self-doubt. Some are reeling from conflict or betrayal in their marriage, while others feel like they’ve lost their sense of direction at work or at home. In our sessions, we slow things down enough to see the patterns that are keeping them stuck and the emotions that are often hidden beneath the surface. From there, I help clients begin to make sense of their experience and find new ways of showing up with more clarity and connection.
Many of my clients come to me when they feel stuck in their relationships, overwhelmed by responsibilities, or weighed down by stress and self-doubt. Some are reeling from conflict or betrayal in their marriage, while others feel like they’ve lost their sense of direction at work or at home. In our sessions, we slow things down enough to see the patterns that are keeping them stuck and the emotions that are often hidden beneath the surface. From there, I help clients begin to make sense of their experience and find new ways of showing up with more clarity and connection.
(336) 933-6371 View (336) 933-6371
Photo of LaToyia Miller - Safe Haven Lighthouse Counseling, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC
Safe Haven Lighthouse Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC
Online Only
It is my ethical and moral duty to provide you with services that are person centered and goal oriented. We work as a team together. Therefore, fostering a positive and thriving therapeutic relationship. I received my MS in Rehabilitation Counseling, in May 2007, from Winston-Salem State University in North Carolina and my BA degree in Psychology in May 2004 from Bennett College for Women. I am a fully Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC). I have over 19 years of experience in mental health and have been licensed as a mental health counselor for 10 years.
It is my ethical and moral duty to provide you with services that are person centered and goal oriented. We work as a team together. Therefore, fostering a positive and thriving therapeutic relationship. I received my MS in Rehabilitation Counseling, in May 2007, from Winston-Salem State University in North Carolina and my BA degree in Psychology in May 2004 from Bennett College for Women. I am a fully Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC). I have over 19 years of experience in mental health and have been licensed as a mental health counselor for 10 years.
(336) 850-6401 View (336) 850-6401
Photo of Olivia Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LCAS
Olivia Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LCAS
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27106
I enjoy working with all ages, especially young children and teens. My areas of interest include traumatic experiences, PTSD, addiction, anxiety, depression and grief. I have had specialized experience working with trauma survivors of a of all ages in a hospital setting. I believe in a collaborative, empathetic, person-centered, holistic approach.
I enjoy working with all ages, especially young children and teens. My areas of interest include traumatic experiences, PTSD, addiction, anxiety, depression and grief. I have had specialized experience working with trauma survivors of a of all ages in a hospital setting. I believe in a collaborative, empathetic, person-centered, holistic approach.
(336) 502-2114 View (336) 502-2114
Photo of Haley Raper, Licensed Clinical Social Worker Associate, MSW, LCSWA
Haley Raper
Licensed Clinical Social Worker Associate, MSW, LCSWA
Winston Salem, NC 27101
Welcome - I'm so glad you're here! Every person deserves to feel understood, supported, and empowered - and every family deserves a space to grow together. Whether you're facing daily challenges or seeking deeper healing, you're taking a courageous step by exploring support. I'm passionate about helping kids, adults, and families thrive. My practice is grounded in a Family Systems approach, recognizing that every person is part of a larger relational network that shapes their growth, resilience, and healing. I also integrate Attachment-Based principles to foster secure, supportive connections.
Welcome - I'm so glad you're here! Every person deserves to feel understood, supported, and empowered - and every family deserves a space to grow together. Whether you're facing daily challenges or seeking deeper healing, you're taking a courageous step by exploring support. I'm passionate about helping kids, adults, and families thrive. My practice is grounded in a Family Systems approach, recognizing that every person is part of a larger relational network that shapes their growth, resilience, and healing. I also integrate Attachment-Based principles to foster secure, supportive connections.
(336) 281-6652 View (336) 281-6652
Photo of Stephanie Z Varela, Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, MA, LCMHCA
Stephanie Z Varela
Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, MA, LCMHCA
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27103
My passion is serving the LatinX community whenever possible. I also enjoy working with new parents who are expecting their first child or just welcomed their first child into their family. This time in life is very tender but can also create anxiety, stress, relationship tension, and bring up one's own childhood wounds as parents step into this new role. Working with couples in relationship distress, especially within the LatinX community, is an area of passion and purpose for me. In addition, I work with older teens and adults on a variety of struggles including anxiety, depression, life transitions, and grief/loss.
My passion is serving the LatinX community whenever possible. I also enjoy working with new parents who are expecting their first child or just welcomed their first child into their family. This time in life is very tender but can also create anxiety, stress, relationship tension, and bring up one's own childhood wounds as parents step into this new role. Working with couples in relationship distress, especially within the LatinX community, is an area of passion and purpose for me. In addition, I work with older teens and adults on a variety of struggles including anxiety, depression, life transitions, and grief/loss.
(336) 502-2509 View (336) 502-2509
Photo of James Edwards-Kenion, MM, MSEd, LCMHCA, CMP
James Edwards-Kenion
Verified Verified
Online Only
I'm James Edwards-Kenion, a Clinical Mental Health Counseling graduate from the University of Dayton, now under supervision at Give Grace Youth & Family Counseling. I offer empathetic, person-centered, strengths-based support. With experience across all ages and abilities, I’m here to help you navigate challenges, focusing on your strengths and goals.
I'm James Edwards-Kenion, a Clinical Mental Health Counseling graduate from the University of Dayton, now under supervision at Give Grace Youth & Family Counseling. I offer empathetic, person-centered, strengths-based support. With experience across all ages and abilities, I’m here to help you navigate challenges, focusing on your strengths and goals.
(336) 360-3065 View (336) 360-3065
Photo of Dr. Jillian Neill, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Jillian Neill
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
The road to adult "success" is often full of unexpected detours and barriers. Sometimes, we need support overcoming those barriers or even charting an entirely new path from our previous notions of what it means to be happy, whole, or fulfilled. Sometimes, these changes come with life transitions, such as becoming a parent. I especially enjoy working with people in this phase of life, as I know what it is like to do so in our demanding and unforgiving society.
The road to adult "success" is often full of unexpected detours and barriers. Sometimes, we need support overcoming those barriers or even charting an entirely new path from our previous notions of what it means to be happy, whole, or fulfilled. Sometimes, these changes come with life transitions, such as becoming a parent. I especially enjoy working with people in this phase of life, as I know what it is like to do so in our demanding and unforgiving society.
(336) 600-3228 View (336) 600-3228
Photo of Valacia Cyrus - Laci Green, Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, LCMHCA, NCC, MA
Laci Green
Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, LCMHCA, NCC, MA
3 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27103
Do you find yourself feeling on edge, anxious, or overwhelmed with emotion - sometimes without a clear reason why? Painful experiences in life can get "stuck" in the mind and body, making it difficult to relax. Our work together will build on your strengths to develop inner calm, deeper relationships, and greater confidence in who you are.
Do you find yourself feeling on edge, anxious, or overwhelmed with emotion - sometimes without a clear reason why? Painful experiences in life can get "stuck" in the mind and body, making it difficult to relax. Our work together will build on your strengths to develop inner calm, deeper relationships, and greater confidence in who you are.
(336) 438-2993 View (336) 438-2993
Photo of Erica K. Blasic, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Erica K. Blasic
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27106
Feeling frustrated? Overwhelmed? Anxious? Not sure how to engage effectively with your children? Whether it is school/peer anxiety, relationship issues, parent/child/sibling conflict, or something completely different, I welcome the opportunity to help children, teens, and adults work through life's challenges. I will help to highlight focus areas and to identify smaller steps to make the process feel manageable as you work toward your goal.
Feeling frustrated? Overwhelmed? Anxious? Not sure how to engage effectively with your children? Whether it is school/peer anxiety, relationship issues, parent/child/sibling conflict, or something completely different, I welcome the opportunity to help children, teens, and adults work through life's challenges. I will help to highlight focus areas and to identify smaller steps to make the process feel manageable as you work toward your goal.
(336) 864-6433 View (336) 864-6433
Photo of David Stefan Bathory, Psychologist, PsyD
David Stefan Bathory
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27106
Not accepting new clients
I am a Psychologist/Neuropsychologist who specializes in trauma and neurodiversity. I offer individual individualized psychotherapy, designed to meet your needs using different best practice models of therapy. My practice specialties in working with children and adults; Complex Trauma, Autism, ADHD & Rare Neuropsychological Disorders. I help people across the world to find ways to work together and will help you to move forward in your journey.
I am a Psychologist/Neuropsychologist who specializes in trauma and neurodiversity. I offer individual individualized psychotherapy, designed to meet your needs using different best practice models of therapy. My practice specialties in working with children and adults; Complex Trauma, Autism, ADHD & Rare Neuropsychological Disorders. I help people across the world to find ways to work together and will help you to move forward in your journey.
(908) 444-1524 View (908) 444-1524
Photo of Sonia Jean Hensel, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, Sonia Hensel, LCAS, CSI, CCTSI/F, SOTP
Sonia Jean Hensel
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, Sonia Hensel, LCAS, CSI, CCTSI/F, SOTP
Winston Salem, NC 27103
Waitlist for new clients
Greetings, I am a Licensed Clinical Addictions Specialist with a Master of Science in Substance Abuse Counseling. I have 25 years of experience working in substance use and behavioral health. I am experienced with medically-managed treatment (MAT) and can provide you with an integrative and holistic approach to alcohol/drug addiction using evidence-based therapeutic approaches to address the whole person - mind, body, and spirit.
Greetings, I am a Licensed Clinical Addictions Specialist with a Master of Science in Substance Abuse Counseling. I have 25 years of experience working in substance use and behavioral health. I am experienced with medically-managed treatment (MAT) and can provide you with an integrative and holistic approach to alcohol/drug addiction using evidence-based therapeutic approaches to address the whole person - mind, body, and spirit.
(336) 276-0371 View (336) 276-0371
Photo of Melinda Abernethy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Melinda Abernethy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
My ideal client is an individual who realizes they are navigating a season of change and everything feels heavier than it should. Maybe anxiety shows up as constant overthinking or tight chest that just won’t go away. Maybe you’ve been feeling low, unmotivated, or like you’re just going through the motions. You may be juggling a career, relationships, and caring for others while quietly wondering, “What about me?” Whether you’re adjusting to a new role, grieving an old one, or simply feeling lost in the in-between, you don’t have to do it alone.
My ideal client is an individual who realizes they are navigating a season of change and everything feels heavier than it should. Maybe anxiety shows up as constant overthinking or tight chest that just won’t go away. Maybe you’ve been feeling low, unmotivated, or like you’re just going through the motions. You may be juggling a career, relationships, and caring for others while quietly wondering, “What about me?” Whether you’re adjusting to a new role, grieving an old one, or simply feeling lost in the in-between, you don’t have to do it alone.
(919) 372-4500 x100 View (919) 372-4500 x100
Photo of Breanna Elder Sparrow, Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC, CCTP
Breanna Elder Sparrow
Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC, CCTP
Winston Salem, NC 27106
Many times people find themselves at a place in life where they find it difficult to move towards their goals in life. Goals vary from person to person; but they are important to who we are. A person may notice the same mountain is circled with little to no progress. This can be very frustrating. Obstacles might include past "hang-ups", lack of self trust, or feeling unmotivated or overwhelmed with life's circumstances. There may be times the individual wonders if things will always be a certain way, or they may wonder if there is something they are missing. They desire to move past the obstacles and achieve their goal.
Many times people find themselves at a place in life where they find it difficult to move towards their goals in life. Goals vary from person to person; but they are important to who we are. A person may notice the same mountain is circled with little to no progress. This can be very frustrating. Obstacles might include past "hang-ups", lack of self trust, or feeling unmotivated or overwhelmed with life's circumstances. There may be times the individual wonders if things will always be a certain way, or they may wonder if there is something they are missing. They desire to move past the obstacles and achieve their goal.
(336) 814-8831 View (336) 814-8831
Photo of Mary Katherine Burbach, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Mary Katherine Burbach
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Winston Salem, NC 27103
The core of all my work with clients centers around connection. Whether you are an individual who has experienced trauma or is feeling constantly worn out and discouraged, a couple lacking emotional connection or walking through difficult times, I am here to help you. I work with individuals with a wide variety of struggles, including those experiencing stress, trauma, relational distress, spiritual struggles, mood disorders, &/or life transitions, as well as couples who are in distress or seeking to rekindle their connection.
The core of all my work with clients centers around connection. Whether you are an individual who has experienced trauma or is feeling constantly worn out and discouraged, a couple lacking emotional connection or walking through difficult times, I am here to help you. I work with individuals with a wide variety of struggles, including those experiencing stress, trauma, relational distress, spiritual struggles, mood disorders, &/or life transitions, as well as couples who are in distress or seeking to rekindle their connection.
(336) 863-9358 View (336) 863-9358
Photo of Lindsay Jordan, Counselor, MEd , ATR, LCMHC, CLC
Lindsay Jordan
Counselor, MEd , ATR, LCMHC, CLC
Winston Salem, NC 27103
Waitlist for new clients
When working with my client's I understand there is not a one-size-fits all kind of treatment, and try to tailor to my client's needs as much as possible. Ultimately, I want to try to help you help yourself so you can be independent as possible, but have some guidance when it comes to figuring out life challenges so you do not have to face them alone.
When working with my client's I understand there is not a one-size-fits all kind of treatment, and try to tailor to my client's needs as much as possible. Ultimately, I want to try to help you help yourself so you can be independent as possible, but have some guidance when it comes to figuring out life challenges so you do not have to face them alone.
(336) 892-9694 View (336) 892-9694
Photo of Tanya Ann Depetris - Beacon of Hope Counseling Services, PLLC, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Beacon of Hope Counseling Services, PLLC
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Lewisville, NC 27023
Sometimes life looks different than we thought it would. Sometimes it can look exactly as we want it, and then things go sideways, and everything changes. Maybe you are experiencing troubling thoughts or feelings of hopelessness. Perhaps you are having difficulties with setting boundaries or communication in relationships. Maybe you have experienced something that is leaving you with feelings that are too big and overwhelming not to share with someone else. I can help! I work with individuals ages 18+ and couples who wish to make changes in their lives.
Sometimes life looks different than we thought it would. Sometimes it can look exactly as we want it, and then things go sideways, and everything changes. Maybe you are experiencing troubling thoughts or feelings of hopelessness. Perhaps you are having difficulties with setting boundaries or communication in relationships. Maybe you have experienced something that is leaving you with feelings that are too big and overwhelming not to share with someone else. I can help! I work with individuals ages 18+ and couples who wish to make changes in their lives.
(336) 569-7524 View (336) 569-7524

See more therapy options for Forsyth County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Forsyth County, NC

800+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Forsyth County, NC who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
58% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
89% BlueCross and BlueShield
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Forsyth County, NC see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Forsyth County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.