Therapists in Charlotte, NC

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Photo of Maria Curran, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Maria Curran
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHCS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28209
Clients motivated to make change or enhance their interpersonal skills and relationships are my forte. I like working with clients of all ages on family relationships, interpersonal skills, parenting and co-parenting, anxiety/depression management, creativity and personal growth. I also have extensive experience working with domestic violence and trauma victims and adoptive families. I employ experiential techniques to enhance communication and understanding throughout the healing and growth process. I also provide Child Specialist services for collaborative/cooperative divorce candidates and parent coaching/consultation.
Clients motivated to make change or enhance their interpersonal skills and relationships are my forte. I like working with clients of all ages on family relationships, interpersonal skills, parenting and co-parenting, anxiety/depression management, creativity and personal growth. I also have extensive experience working with domestic violence and trauma victims and adoptive families. I employ experiential techniques to enhance communication and understanding throughout the healing and growth process. I also provide Child Specialist services for collaborative/cooperative divorce candidates and parent coaching/consultation.
(704) 312-0880 View (704) 312-0880
Photo of Courtney Krajenka, Psychologist in Charlotte, NC
Courtney Krajenka
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28211
Waitlist for new clients
I find it a privilege and honor to walk with children and adolescents through challenging seasons by applying evidence-based interventions in an empathic, safe and playful environment. I am Dr. Courtney Krajenka, and I have over six years of experience working with children and adolescents in a variety of settings. I love connecting with children and helping them grow from challenging experiences and circumstances.
I find it a privilege and honor to walk with children and adolescents through challenging seasons by applying evidence-based interventions in an empathic, safe and playful environment. I am Dr. Courtney Krajenka, and I have over six years of experience working with children and adolescents in a variety of settings. I love connecting with children and helping them grow from challenging experiences and circumstances.
(704) 703-2882 View (704) 703-2882
Photo of Paramount Holistic Mental Wellness, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Paramount Holistic Mental Wellness, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LCASA
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28211
Paramount Holistic Mental Wellness, PLLC, is a Trauma Focused Mental Health Facility in North Carolina and South Carolina. We offer holistic care in a safe and comfortable environment. Paramount provides outpatient treatment services to ages 3 - 65. At Paramount Holistic Mental Wellness, your mental wellness is our number one priority, and we make sure to meet all your needs in a timely manner.
Paramount Holistic Mental Wellness, PLLC, is a Trauma Focused Mental Health Facility in North Carolina and South Carolina. We offer holistic care in a safe and comfortable environment. Paramount provides outpatient treatment services to ages 3 - 65. At Paramount Holistic Mental Wellness, your mental wellness is our number one priority, and we make sure to meet all your needs in a timely manner.
(980) 291-9681 View (980) 291-9681
Photo of Dr Tracey & Healing Connections , Marriage & Family Therapist in Charlotte, NC
Dr Tracey & Healing Connections
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28203
I am Dr. Tracey and here at Healing Connections we provide individual, couple and family therapy to address a wide range of issues. Some of the challenges we can help with include things like depression, anxiety, grief & loss, anger issues, communication problems, couples conflict, parent-child conflict, intimacy and sexual problems, infidelity, trauma and PTSD.
I am Dr. Tracey and here at Healing Connections we provide individual, couple and family therapy to address a wide range of issues. Some of the challenges we can help with include things like depression, anxiety, grief & loss, anger issues, communication problems, couples conflict, parent-child conflict, intimacy and sexual problems, infidelity, trauma and PTSD.
(704) 817-2329 View (704) 817-2329
Photo of Robert Costa Lodwick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Robert Costa Lodwick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA Eds, LCMHC, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28273
From time to time we all get stuck and need help with life's issues. Sometimes, it is difficult to reach out for help even when we know we need it. If you are ready for help, I am here to help you. I specialize in anxiety, depression, marriage counseling, sexual addiction and other life issues. I accept a sliding scale if needed. Normally, my rates are $120-150. I look foward to working with you to help you reach your goals!
From time to time we all get stuck and need help with life's issues. Sometimes, it is difficult to reach out for help even when we know we need it. If you are ready for help, I am here to help you. I specialize in anxiety, depression, marriage counseling, sexual addiction and other life issues. I accept a sliding scale if needed. Normally, my rates are $120-150. I look foward to working with you to help you reach your goals!
(704) 253-8771 View (704) 253-8771
Photo of O'Neale Atkinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlotte, NC
O'Neale Atkinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28205
Not accepting new clients
I believe that attention to mental health is a vital part of self-care and want to create a therapeutic space that supports and embraces people of all orientations and identities. I enjoy working with adults and older adolescent youth as they navigate life transitions and issues related to depression, anxiety, self-concept, and relationships.
I believe that attention to mental health is a vital part of self-care and want to create a therapeutic space that supports and embraces people of all orientations and identities. I enjoy working with adults and older adolescent youth as they navigate life transitions and issues related to depression, anxiety, self-concept, and relationships.
(704) 285-1841 View (704) 285-1841
Photo of T. DeNea Means, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Charlotte, NC
T. DeNea Means
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LPC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28216  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients. You’ve worked really hard to overcome the traumas of and challenges of your past. Deep down you know you’re a good person and that you should be feeling better, but some parts of you aren’t fully on board with those thoughts. You're carrying years of unresolved "stuff" you thought would go away with time. Some days you can go from being your biggest cheerleader to feeling broken, unlovable and worthless. Life feels hard, relationships feel harder. You're angry, anxious, uncomfortable - you just want feel at peace
Accepting new clients. You’ve worked really hard to overcome the traumas of and challenges of your past. Deep down you know you’re a good person and that you should be feeling better, but some parts of you aren’t fully on board with those thoughts. You're carrying years of unresolved "stuff" you thought would go away with time. Some days you can go from being your biggest cheerleader to feeling broken, unlovable and worthless. Life feels hard, relationships feel harder. You're angry, anxious, uncomfortable - you just want feel at peace
(980) 983-1585 View (980) 983-1585
Photo of Jessie Lee Ogienko, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlotte, NC
Jessie Lee Ogienko
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, TF-CBT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28203
Leadership is hard. Many leaders, entrepreneurs, and CEOs have had incredibly hard life circumstances, trauma, abuse, or lack of privilege and yet, they have a resilience that pushes them to strive for escaping their circumstances. This resilience and drive is a gift, but it is also a double-edged sword. Many leaders struggle with loneliness, isolation, perfectionism, stress, and people-pleasing. They often have competing demands and roles. They are so much for so many people. As a trauma specialist for a decade, I was surprised at how many of my clients were so driven while coping with really hard things or unhealed past wounds.
Leadership is hard. Many leaders, entrepreneurs, and CEOs have had incredibly hard life circumstances, trauma, abuse, or lack of privilege and yet, they have a resilience that pushes them to strive for escaping their circumstances. This resilience and drive is a gift, but it is also a double-edged sword. Many leaders struggle with loneliness, isolation, perfectionism, stress, and people-pleasing. They often have competing demands and roles. They are so much for so many people. As a trauma specialist for a decade, I was surprised at how many of my clients were so driven while coping with really hard things or unhealed past wounds.
(704) 529-9089 View (704) 529-9089
Photo of Rachel P. Meena, LCMHC, PLLC, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Rachel P. Meena, LCMHC, PLLC
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28211
Overthinking, constant worry, low self-esteem or lots of self-doubt, maybe an intense fear of something in the world like germs or social interactions- I help adults with all of these issues. I'm a licensed mental health counselor and I specialize in treating individuals from age 18-99 dealing with anxiety, depression, phobias, obsessions/compulsions, and trauma. I do this using an IFS-informed lens and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR) to guide clients to meaningful change.
Overthinking, constant worry, low self-esteem or lots of self-doubt, maybe an intense fear of something in the world like germs or social interactions- I help adults with all of these issues. I'm a licensed mental health counselor and I specialize in treating individuals from age 18-99 dealing with anxiety, depression, phobias, obsessions/compulsions, and trauma. I do this using an IFS-informed lens and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR) to guide clients to meaningful change.
(704) 703-6819 View (704) 703-6819
Photo of Lance Robert Nelson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Lance Robert Nelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHCS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28270
Lance counsels youth, individuals, couples and families. He conducts support groups, workshops and seminars for churches and businesses. He is an ordained minister and has served in local churches as an associate pastor overseeing youth, men, and marriage ministries. Before seminary and pastoral ministry, he was an electronic engineer in Santa Clara, CA.
Lance counsels youth, individuals, couples and families. He conducts support groups, workshops and seminars for churches and businesses. He is an ordained minister and has served in local churches as an associate pastor overseeing youth, men, and marriage ministries. Before seminary and pastoral ministry, he was an electronic engineer in Santa Clara, CA.
(704) 842-9704 View (704) 842-9704
Photo of Surviving The Battle, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Surviving The Battle, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHCS, TFCBT, EDMR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28212
Hope all is well, Thank You for visiting our page and thank you for the opportunity of allowing us to possibly assist you, a referral, your child or your loved one with their mental health needs. In my own words "I am a Mentor by Nature and a Therapist by profession. Through my work experiences and education, I realized there is a significant difference between mentoring & counseling. So I decided to create a clinical platform to better assist our community with their mental health needs". In addition, I also provide Clinical Supervision. Please visit us at www.survivingthebattle.com for additional information.
Hope all is well, Thank You for visiting our page and thank you for the opportunity of allowing us to possibly assist you, a referral, your child or your loved one with their mental health needs. In my own words "I am a Mentor by Nature and a Therapist by profession. Through my work experiences and education, I realized there is a significant difference between mentoring & counseling. So I decided to create a clinical platform to better assist our community with their mental health needs". In addition, I also provide Clinical Supervision. Please visit us at www.survivingthebattle.com for additional information.
(980) 201-4829 View (980) 201-4829
Photo of BayElla Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Charlotte, NC
BayElla Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, BC-TMH, NCC
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28211
Do you often ask yourself, "why do I keep ending up in the same place?" "I feel overwhelmed or confused?" The voice in your head is relentless with the swirling negative messages and thoughts. "I am not good enough!". "I am such a failure". "I don't get nothing right". You spend your time trying to please everyone else by not letting them down, however, it is still not enough. You have done all that you know and you still feel that nothing that you do makes a difference. Hopeless thinking. You feel broken without a sense of direction. You feel confused. You feel what is the use in trying because nothing will change. Is this you?
Do you often ask yourself, "why do I keep ending up in the same place?" "I feel overwhelmed or confused?" The voice in your head is relentless with the swirling negative messages and thoughts. "I am not good enough!". "I am such a failure". "I don't get nothing right". You spend your time trying to please everyone else by not letting them down, however, it is still not enough. You have done all that you know and you still feel that nothing that you do makes a difference. Hopeless thinking. You feel broken without a sense of direction. You feel confused. You feel what is the use in trying because nothing will change. Is this you?
(704) 272-2392 View (704) 272-2392
Photo of Stefanie Goldman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlotte, NC
Stefanie Goldman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28277  (Online Only)
I offer a comfortable and safe place to explore & express yourself. I listen & support without judgement. Together we will address concerns & determine the best course of treatment for lasting change. I will be with you as you experience & learn to cope with difficult feelings and emotions. If you are experiencing worry, sadness, crying, or just a feeling of being overwhelmed, I can help you find relief. I have over 25 years experience in mental health. I believe a therapeutic relationship should be based on self-determination, acceptance, & encouragement.
I offer a comfortable and safe place to explore & express yourself. I listen & support without judgement. Together we will address concerns & determine the best course of treatment for lasting change. I will be with you as you experience & learn to cope with difficult feelings and emotions. If you are experiencing worry, sadness, crying, or just a feeling of being overwhelmed, I can help you find relief. I have over 25 years experience in mental health. I believe a therapeutic relationship should be based on self-determination, acceptance, & encouragement.
(704) 610-3707 View (704) 610-3707
Photo of Connie Lee Hayes, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Connie Lee Hayes
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28204
I have practiced as a Licensed Professinal Counselor for the past 20 years in both North and South Carolina. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families as they seek help in facing and working through the stresses and challenges of living. I have trained extensively in the treatment of anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues and co-parenting.
I have practiced as a Licensed Professinal Counselor for the past 20 years in both North and South Carolina. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families as they seek help in facing and working through the stresses and challenges of living. I have trained extensively in the treatment of anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues and co-parenting.
(704) 275-0760 View (704) 275-0760
Photo of Sarah Currie, Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Sarah Currie
Counselor, PhD, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28204
Hello and welcome. I’m Sarah, a therapist committed to guiding you through life’s challenges, be it grief, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, or life transitions. Your journey towards healing and self-discovery is a courageous step. You are ready to be curious about yourself, to cultivate self-awareness, and begin the fulfilling work of becoming more whole and healed. Together, we can unlock the freedom and new paths that await you on the other side of this process.
Hello and welcome. I’m Sarah, a therapist committed to guiding you through life’s challenges, be it grief, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, or life transitions. Your journey towards healing and self-discovery is a courageous step. You are ready to be curious about yourself, to cultivate self-awareness, and begin the fulfilling work of becoming more whole and healed. Together, we can unlock the freedom and new paths that await you on the other side of this process.
(704) 826-3285 View (704) 826-3285
Photo of Melody Flannery, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Melody Flannery
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28202  (Online Only)
Hello and thank you for stopping by. Right now you may be searching for some peace of mind and need help with that. Perhaps we could work as a team to find some good, solid problem resolution tools to help you get that relief and regain some emotional balance. I like to use small measurable goals that add up quickly to a solution. That technique tends to remove a great deal of angst around issues and usually takes less time. I also can and do fit techniques and tools to your specific needs and requirements. I am licensed in North Carolina and have over twenty years of counseling experience.
Hello and thank you for stopping by. Right now you may be searching for some peace of mind and need help with that. Perhaps we could work as a team to find some good, solid problem resolution tools to help you get that relief and regain some emotional balance. I like to use small measurable goals that add up quickly to a solution. That technique tends to remove a great deal of angst around issues and usually takes less time. I also can and do fit techniques and tools to your specific needs and requirements. I am licensed in North Carolina and have over twenty years of counseling experience.
(980) 998-3834 View (980) 998-3834
Photo of Lynne Beck, Counselor in Charlotte, NC
Lynne Beck
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28209
Are you feeling overwhelmed and frustrated? Are you feeling "stuck" in a negative pattern in your relationship? Counseling can help in sorting out current struggles and developing and practicing new strategies to help cope with current emotions, relationships, and life situations. Counseling assists with healing and achieving goals you have for yourself and for your relationships. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, abuse/trauma, couple/family relationships, relationship struggles, work/life balance, separation/divorce, loss/grief, parenting, self-esteem, and self-injury. View my website for more specific information.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and frustrated? Are you feeling "stuck" in a negative pattern in your relationship? Counseling can help in sorting out current struggles and developing and practicing new strategies to help cope with current emotions, relationships, and life situations. Counseling assists with healing and achieving goals you have for yourself and for your relationships. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, abuse/trauma, couple/family relationships, relationship struggles, work/life balance, separation/divorce, loss/grief, parenting, self-esteem, and self-injury. View my website for more specific information.
(980) 248-2316 View (980) 248-2316
Photo of Jessycka French, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlotte, NC
Jessycka French
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSWA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28204
Waitlist for new clients
Seeking out help can be scary or intimidating, but it can also be one of the most impactful decisions you get to make. I believe that you are the author of your story and I am one resource there to support you. During our sessions, I want to help you find solutions to your challenges or achieve the goals you have set. I hope to provide a calm and welcoming space for you to share, cry, laugh, etc as our sessions together are what you make of them. I work with adolescents to adults experiencing challenges with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, identifying/accepting emotions, boundary setting, and/or self-confidence.
Seeking out help can be scary or intimidating, but it can also be one of the most impactful decisions you get to make. I believe that you are the author of your story and I am one resource there to support you. During our sessions, I want to help you find solutions to your challenges or achieve the goals you have set. I hope to provide a calm and welcoming space for you to share, cry, laugh, etc as our sessions together are what you make of them. I work with adolescents to adults experiencing challenges with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, identifying/accepting emotions, boundary setting, and/or self-confidence.
(704) 486-9837 View (704) 486-9837
Photo of Aishah Whitehead, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlotte, NC
Aishah Whitehead
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlotte, NC 28204  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello! Have you experienced a traumatic event in your life and are struggling to move past it? Do you feel alone & sometimes ashamed? Have you thought to yourself, "No one understands my pain?” If I had to guess, yes you have...but don’t fret, therapy is an option! Even if you still feel uncertain about the idea of therapy, I want to take this time to commend you for considering this option. It takes courage to seek a more fulfilling & happier life, & I believe you are ready to take the next step in doing so.
Hello! Have you experienced a traumatic event in your life and are struggling to move past it? Do you feel alone & sometimes ashamed? Have you thought to yourself, "No one understands my pain?” If I had to guess, yes you have...but don’t fret, therapy is an option! Even if you still feel uncertain about the idea of therapy, I want to take this time to commend you for considering this option. It takes courage to seek a more fulfilling & happier life, & I believe you are ready to take the next step in doing so.
View
Photo of James C Winnek, Licensed Professional Counselor in Charlotte, NC
James C Winnek
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlotte, NC 28203
My ideal client is open to change and is committed to the process of the client/counselor relationship.
My ideal client is open to change and is committed to the process of the client/counselor relationship.
(704) 837-4634 View (704) 837-4634

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Charlotte, NC

3,000+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Charlotte, NC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
72% Coping Skills
69% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Charlotte, NC see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Charlotte?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.