Photo of Bea Armstrong, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Bea Armstrong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95117
Hi! Thanks for considering me as your therapist. Whether you are struggling with a past trauma or current relationship, I have more than 30 years of helping people learn to live the best life possible. Areas of expertise: cult recovery (religious, other); ACA, PTSD, addictions, and narcissistic relationships, grief and loss. All of us hit speed bumps -- sometimes mountains -- that keep us from moving forward. Our beliefs about how life works can block happiness. We can't always change what's happening, but we can change our perception of it. I work exclusively online. See my web site: www.beaarmstrong.com
Hi! Thanks for considering me as your therapist. Whether you are struggling with a past trauma or current relationship, I have more than 30 years of helping people learn to live the best life possible. Areas of expertise: cult recovery (religious, other); ACA, PTSD, addictions, and narcissistic relationships, grief and loss. All of us hit speed bumps -- sometimes mountains -- that keep us from moving forward. Our beliefs about how life works can block happiness. We can't always change what's happening, but we can change our perception of it. I work exclusively online. See my web site: www.beaarmstrong.com
(408) 351-1879 View (408) 351-1879
Photo of Eamonn Mckay, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Eamonn Mckay
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95101  (Online Only)
Please note that I work only with clients in California at this time. Often, when we connect with therapists, we present with clear issues we want to address. Other times, we could be struggling to interpret how a life event may be affecting us. When I work with a client, I like to know and understand that person deeply, including where they feel they are now in life, and how is it they got here, to this point. We will delve into moments in your earlier life that you believe may hold some importance, some current relevance, what I term the echo of our pasts. It is this exploration that makes therapy both enlightening and releasing.
Please note that I work only with clients in California at this time. Often, when we connect with therapists, we present with clear issues we want to address. Other times, we could be struggling to interpret how a life event may be affecting us. When I work with a client, I like to know and understand that person deeply, including where they feel they are now in life, and how is it they got here, to this point. We will delve into moments in your earlier life that you believe may hold some importance, some current relevance, what I term the echo of our pasts. It is this exploration that makes therapy both enlightening and releasing.
(570) 605-4783 View (570) 605-4783
Photo of Lesa M Pascali, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Lesa M Pascali
Marriage & Family Therapist, Lesa Pascali, MFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95110  (Online Only)
Welcome! I’m Lesa Pascali and I am committed to connecting with individuals, couples and families through individualized therapy and to helping them to discover/rediscover the harmony, meaning and wellness within their lives. After 23 years in law enforcement and 18 years doing therapy, I have dealt with a variety of situations. I’ve worked with individuals, couples and families, veterans, ex-offenders, children, teens and neurologically imbalanced individuals. I use a variety of therapies including RLT therapy, CBT & Solution Focused therapy and am a Certified Relational Life couples therapist.
Welcome! I’m Lesa Pascali and I am committed to connecting with individuals, couples and families through individualized therapy and to helping them to discover/rediscover the harmony, meaning and wellness within their lives. After 23 years in law enforcement and 18 years doing therapy, I have dealt with a variety of situations. I’ve worked with individuals, couples and families, veterans, ex-offenders, children, teens and neurologically imbalanced individuals. I use a variety of therapies including RLT therapy, CBT & Solution Focused therapy and am a Certified Relational Life couples therapist.
(408) 715-3046 View (408) 715-3046
Photo of Nancy Chau, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Nancy Chau
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95133  (Online Only)
It is believed that the healing process begins with a therapeutic relationship. My genuineness and honest personality helps me build a strong connection and relationship with you to begin this journey. Through this foundation, you will learn how to develop healthy relationships with people in your own life. You might also need a safe and non-judgmental space to gain confidence to share and express what you are unable to with people in your life. My directive approach will challenge you to take what you learn in therapy and make changes that you need to reach the ideal life that you want to live!
It is believed that the healing process begins with a therapeutic relationship. My genuineness and honest personality helps me build a strong connection and relationship with you to begin this journey. Through this foundation, you will learn how to develop healthy relationships with people in your own life. You might also need a safe and non-judgmental space to gain confidence to share and express what you are unable to with people in your life. My directive approach will challenge you to take what you learn in therapy and make changes that you need to reach the ideal life that you want to live!
(408) 351-8557 View (408) 351-8557
Photo of Madison Ledda- Simmons, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Jose, CA
Madison Ledda- Simmons
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Nice to meet you! I am proud of you for reaching out for help and exploring your options for your mental health. One of the hardest parts about asking for help is asking for help! You are already taking a step in the right direction for yourself, your partner, your child, or your family. I believe in one step at a time and that not "one way" is the "right way." This is your therapeutic journey, and I will walk alongside you to support and listen to you and provide you with tools to start healing your past, present, and future. I strive to cultivate an environment for my clients that feel comfortable, calming, accepting, and open.
Nice to meet you! I am proud of you for reaching out for help and exploring your options for your mental health. One of the hardest parts about asking for help is asking for help! You are already taking a step in the right direction for yourself, your partner, your child, or your family. I believe in one step at a time and that not "one way" is the "right way." This is your therapeutic journey, and I will walk alongside you to support and listen to you and provide you with tools to start healing your past, present, and future. I strive to cultivate an environment for my clients that feel comfortable, calming, accepting, and open.
(408) 542-0427 View (408) 542-0427
Photo of Melinda Carlisle Brackett, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Melinda Carlisle Brackett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Are you looking for therapy that is efficient, time-sensitive, and focused on practical strategies? I am a Behavioral Therapist whose approach includes short-term, evidence-based therapies for adults, couples, parents, adolescents and groups. My style is collaborative and includes skill-building in critical areas such as communication and relationship repair. I treat complex Mood Disorders, Anxiety, Panic, Bipolar, Depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder. I'm clear and direct- keeping our work on track so you meet your goals- while building in you the capacity for flexibility in order to have a peaceful and enjoyable life.
Are you looking for therapy that is efficient, time-sensitive, and focused on practical strategies? I am a Behavioral Therapist whose approach includes short-term, evidence-based therapies for adults, couples, parents, adolescents and groups. My style is collaborative and includes skill-building in critical areas such as communication and relationship repair. I treat complex Mood Disorders, Anxiety, Panic, Bipolar, Depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder. I'm clear and direct- keeping our work on track so you meet your goals- while building in you the capacity for flexibility in order to have a peaceful and enjoyable life.
(408) 641-6424 View (408) 641-6424
Photo of Hannah Berstein, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Hannah Berstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Are you struggling with anxiety and trauma and turning towards unhealthy coping mechanisms in an attempt to manage your emotions? Now is a trying time for almost everyone, and if you have a trauma background what's coming up in the current environment may be reminiscent of the stress, isolation, and fear induced by early childhood experiences. You don't have to handle this alone, and with clinically tested techniques to regulate the mind and body, it's possible to shift from a place of disempowerment to strength.
Are you struggling with anxiety and trauma and turning towards unhealthy coping mechanisms in an attempt to manage your emotions? Now is a trying time for almost everyone, and if you have a trauma background what's coming up in the current environment may be reminiscent of the stress, isolation, and fear induced by early childhood experiences. You don't have to handle this alone, and with clinically tested techniques to regulate the mind and body, it's possible to shift from a place of disempowerment to strength.
(408) 351-0977 View (408) 351-0977
Photo of Inhwa Byun, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Jose, CA
Inhwa Byun
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, MA
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95110
Are you feeling alone and stuck in the same place? Believe you aren't good enough? Experiencing relationship difficulties? If you’re tired of dealing with your issues on your own, I’m here to work with you and to help you move forward. Exploring your issues by yourself can be overwhelming. By working together, I aim to provide a warm and safe environment to better aid your process of self-discovery and learning. Through collaborative and compassionate therapy sessions, I would like to help you find the power of self-healing, self-resilience and solid calmness will gradually improve your well-being.
Are you feeling alone and stuck in the same place? Believe you aren't good enough? Experiencing relationship difficulties? If you’re tired of dealing with your issues on your own, I’m here to work with you and to help you move forward. Exploring your issues by yourself can be overwhelming. By working together, I aim to provide a warm and safe environment to better aid your process of self-discovery and learning. Through collaborative and compassionate therapy sessions, I would like to help you find the power of self-healing, self-resilience and solid calmness will gradually improve your well-being.
(408) 668-0583 View (408) 668-0583
Photo of Andrew Aguilar Maldonado, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Andrew Aguilar Maldonado
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Whether you're here for yourself, a family member, or a friend... welcome! If you'd like to skip reading and give me a call or email, I will be happy to answer any questions or address any concerns you may have. If you'd like to read more about the foundation in which I work please continue. For many of us life can be complicated, and at all ages in our lives we are faced with tough times that we have to overcome. We all follow a unique path to find solutions for our difficulties. Sometimes, along that path, we find that we need support, to help us reach the level of functioning and happiness that we desire.
Whether you're here for yourself, a family member, or a friend... welcome! If you'd like to skip reading and give me a call or email, I will be happy to answer any questions or address any concerns you may have. If you'd like to read more about the foundation in which I work please continue. For many of us life can be complicated, and at all ages in our lives we are faced with tough times that we have to overcome. We all follow a unique path to find solutions for our difficulties. Sometimes, along that path, we find that we need support, to help us reach the level of functioning and happiness that we desire.
(562) 374-7080 View (562) 374-7080
Photo of Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95113
I'm Dr. Dean Leav, licensed psychologist and qualified medical evaluator (QME). I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I provide Evaluation Services, including (and not limited to): diagnostics (ADHD, Autism, Learning Dis.), cognitive/neuropsychological evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME), immigration-related evaluations, pre-adoption psychological evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, pre-employment evaluations, and legal/forensics/criminal evaluations. These evaluations may be used to meet eligibility for certain services or accommodations.
I'm Dr. Dean Leav, licensed psychologist and qualified medical evaluator (QME). I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I provide Evaluation Services, including (and not limited to): diagnostics (ADHD, Autism, Learning Dis.), cognitive/neuropsychological evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME), immigration-related evaluations, pre-adoption psychological evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, pre-employment evaluations, and legal/forensics/criminal evaluations. These evaluations may be used to meet eligibility for certain services or accommodations.
(650) 719-1562 View (650) 719-1562
Photo of Dorise Hebenstreit, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Jose, CA
Dorise Hebenstreit
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
My focus is to help individuals and families heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship/family issues. As the therapeutic area of concern is introduced, we can begin to work together in developing empowerment of self as we set up together healthy and achievable goals. I aim to establish include compassion, good communication and trust. In our relationship then I will work alongside you to develop your own coping tools. My approach is a person-centered (positive type) direction to further your strengths and resilience which is tailored towards your specific goals and needs.
My focus is to help individuals and families heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship/family issues. As the therapeutic area of concern is introduced, we can begin to work together in developing empowerment of self as we set up together healthy and achievable goals. I aim to establish include compassion, good communication and trust. In our relationship then I will work alongside you to develop your own coping tools. My approach is a person-centered (positive type) direction to further your strengths and resilience which is tailored towards your specific goals and needs.
(408) 459-6634 View (408) 459-6634
Photo of Jamie Stern, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Jose, CA
Jamie Stern
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
(408) 351-8421 View (408) 351-8421
Photo of Kate Henderson Bartenhagen, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Kate Henderson Bartenhagen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95124  (Online Only)
Do you question your purpose in life? Are you still looking for your "passion?" Do you want a deeper connection with others? Do you sometimes feel that there must be more to life than working and buying things? I am passionate about helping you answer these questions. My approach to mental health is collaborative and includes a strong belief that people strive towards wellness and have within them the capacity to heal and grow. I see individuals, couples, and families age 15 and up. I treat couples, sex/infidelity, substance use/abuse, mood disorders, grief and loss, life struggles.
Do you question your purpose in life? Are you still looking for your "passion?" Do you want a deeper connection with others? Do you sometimes feel that there must be more to life than working and buying things? I am passionate about helping you answer these questions. My approach to mental health is collaborative and includes a strong belief that people strive towards wellness and have within them the capacity to heal and grow. I see individuals, couples, and families age 15 and up. I treat couples, sex/infidelity, substance use/abuse, mood disorders, grief and loss, life struggles.
(408) 840-4106 View (408) 840-4106
Photo of Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95113
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(408) 351-7382 View (408) 351-7382
Photo of Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist in San Jose, CA
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95113
I'm Dr. Dean Leav, licensed psychologist and qualified medical evaluator (QME). I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I provide Evaluation Services, including (and not limited to): diagnostics (ADHD, Autism, Learning Dis.), cognitive/neuropsychological evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME), immigration-related evaluations, pre-adoption psychological evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, pre-employment evaluations, and legal/forensics/criminal evaluations. These evaluations may be used to meet eligibility for certain services or accommodations.
I'm Dr. Dean Leav, licensed psychologist and qualified medical evaluator (QME). I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I provide Evaluation Services, including (and not limited to): diagnostics (ADHD, Autism, Learning Dis.), cognitive/neuropsychological evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME), immigration-related evaluations, pre-adoption psychological evaluations, parenting/bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, pre-employment evaluations, and legal/forensics/criminal evaluations. These evaluations may be used to meet eligibility for certain services or accommodations.
(650) 719-2310 View (650) 719-2310
Photo of Erick Santos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Jose, CA
Erick Santos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Has trauma, anxiety, or depression interfered with the potential to become the best version of yourself? We often feel defined by traumatic or emotionally difficult experiences then often leave us feeling stuck in place rather than moving forward towards our goals. I’m here to provide a safe, affirming space for you to develop an understanding of yourself to overcome past experiences or fears that define you. Our work together will be met with unconditional acceptance, creative approaches, and the utmost compassion.
Has trauma, anxiety, or depression interfered with the potential to become the best version of yourself? We often feel defined by traumatic or emotionally difficult experiences then often leave us feeling stuck in place rather than moving forward towards our goals. I’m here to provide a safe, affirming space for you to develop an understanding of yourself to overcome past experiences or fears that define you. Our work together will be met with unconditional acceptance, creative approaches, and the utmost compassion.
(408) 351-0417 View (408) 351-0417
Photo of Family & Children's Counseling Services, Inc., Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Family & Children's Counseling Services, Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95192  (Online Only)
When our children's hearts have been broken, our hearts break, too. Parents often struggle with knowing how to care for a hurting child. The child's behaviors can be challenging. A parent's own unhealed wounds get triggered. Then, there's the parenting guilt! It can be overwhelming. We understand and we are here to help.
When our children's hearts have been broken, our hearts break, too. Parents often struggle with knowing how to care for a hurting child. The child's behaviors can be challenging. A parent's own unhealed wounds get triggered. Then, there's the parenting guilt! It can be overwhelming. We understand and we are here to help.
(530) 451-4151 View (530) 451-4151
Photo of Christine Cain, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Christine Cain
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ABD
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Waitlist for new clients
Ease, change and joy are accessible. I know you can emerge from distress. I have seen radical growth-- again and again. My therapeutic approach is designed for each person's individual internal world. I design each session using a variety of active and engaged interventions, like EMDR, IFS, and expressive arts. We work to uncover the hurt parts that have taken over your life. The “stuck-ness” seems to dissipate. In an atmosphere of love and total acceptance, I use proven interventions to bring awareness and internal movement.
Ease, change and joy are accessible. I know you can emerge from distress. I have seen radical growth-- again and again. My therapeutic approach is designed for each person's individual internal world. I design each session using a variety of active and engaged interventions, like EMDR, IFS, and expressive arts. We work to uncover the hurt parts that have taken over your life. The “stuck-ness” seems to dissipate. In an atmosphere of love and total acceptance, I use proven interventions to bring awareness and internal movement.
(408) 351-0786 View (408) 351-0786
Photo of Janelle Bull, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Jose, CA
Janelle Bull
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMBA, PHD Stu
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Are you hurting? At some point in our lives, we all hurt. Everyone hits obstacles in life from time to time and sometimes those problems seem unsolvable. Here is the good news, there is help. I specialize in couples, families and individuals who are either in the midst of a major change, or in need of one! I work with: high-conflict couples, couples making a serious commitment or dissolving a long-term relationship, new parents, families in conflict, people with anxiety, depression, fears, low self-esteem as well as grief and bereavement related issues. I am a straightforward therapist and like to help to get issues resolved.
Are you hurting? At some point in our lives, we all hurt. Everyone hits obstacles in life from time to time and sometimes those problems seem unsolvable. Here is the good news, there is help. I specialize in couples, families and individuals who are either in the midst of a major change, or in need of one! I work with: high-conflict couples, couples making a serious commitment or dissolving a long-term relationship, new parents, families in conflict, people with anxiety, depression, fears, low self-esteem as well as grief and bereavement related issues. I am a straightforward therapist and like to help to get issues resolved.
(408) 840-2899 View (408) 840-2899
Photo of Sterling Walker, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Jose, CA
Sterling Walker
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95129
Throughout our lives, we all have experienced feelings of depression, anxiety, and anger. These emotions leave you feeling insecure, shameful, lonely, unworthy and stuck in unhealthy patterns of behavior. Trauma can have negative emotional and physical effects and can lead to family/relationship issues. I specialize in solution-focused brief therapy, motivational interviewing, mindfulness and CBT. These approaches allow me to work with the client to decrease symptoms of anxiety and depression and other health/behavioral issues.
Throughout our lives, we all have experienced feelings of depression, anxiety, and anger. These emotions leave you feeling insecure, shameful, lonely, unworthy and stuck in unhealthy patterns of behavior. Trauma can have negative emotional and physical effects and can lead to family/relationship issues. I specialize in solution-focused brief therapy, motivational interviewing, mindfulness and CBT. These approaches allow me to work with the client to decrease symptoms of anxiety and depression and other health/behavioral issues.
(650) 629-2936 View (650) 629-2936
Narcissistic Personality (NPD) Therapists

What type of therapy is best for narcissistic personality disorder?

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is best treated with talk therapy, which could involve cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, schema therapy, gestalt therapy, or similar approaches. A therapist will help a patient uncover the feelings that may drive their behavior and discover how to engage with themselves and those around them with greater empathy and understanding, fewer demands, and less defensiveness, with the goal of developing a more authentic sense of self that enables healthier relationships.

How do therapists treat NPD?

By developing a strong therapeutic relationship, and continually focusing patients on relationships, community, and connection, a therapist, through talk therapy, may be able to help someone with NPD change. In sessions, a therapist will help an individual achieve relief from their current stressors, including the treatment of co-occurring conditions such as anxiety or depression. A therapist may also help an individual to recognize unhealthy coping mechanisms, learn new ways of interacting with others, and eventually become able to feel and display empathy.

Can a narcissist be cured with therapy?

Therapy can be effective. After a serious setback or great loss, someone with NPD may be forced to recognize that they are not immune to life’s challenges. That can spur feelings of melancholy and depression that lead them to seek professional help. Once an individual decides to seek help, they have already taken a step that the majority of those with NPD never will. Still, people with NPD often quit therapy as they naturally resist feeling vulnerable, being challenged, or admitting to flaws.

How can you get narcissistic personality disorder treatment for someone?

It is notoriously difficult to convince someone with NPD to seek help. With their feelings of superiority, they may be unlikely to recognize or acknowledge that they have a problem, or that their problem is narcissism. Sometimes, they are aware that they are arrogant and that others resent them but they don’t see it as a problem because they are convinced of their superiority. People with NPD have trouble maintaining relationships, but family members and others who do feel close to them, and whose presence they value, may be able to encourage them to seek therapy.