Music Therapy in Snohomish County, WA

Photo of Stories Of Hope- Samson Irish-Lodge, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Snohomish County, WA
Stories Of Hope- Samson Irish-Lodge
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monroe, WA 98272
Within this lens, I use the theories of internal family systems, Gottman, narrative, experiential, and music therapy.
I work with children, individuals, couples, and families. I believe that our experiences as individuals are greatly affected by our experiences with the systems that surround us; and navigating our place within those systems can prove difficult when done alone. My goal as a therapist is to provide a space that allows us to heal and strengthen relationship that we have with ourselves and our surrounding systems to create a sense of harmony and construct a life for ourselves that reflects the way that we truly want to live.
Within this lens, I use the theories of internal family systems, Gottman, narrative, experiential, and music therapy.
I work with children, individuals, couples, and families. I believe that our experiences as individuals are greatly affected by our experiences with the systems that surround us; and navigating our place within those systems can prove difficult when done alone. My goal as a therapist is to provide a space that allows us to heal and strengthen relationship that we have with ourselves and our surrounding systems to create a sense of harmony and construct a life for ourselves that reflects the way that we truly want to live.
(360) 276-9249 View (360) 276-9249
Photo of Jentry Wright, Mental Health Counselor Associate in Snohomish County, WA
Jentry Wright
Mental Health Counselor Associate, MS, LMHCA, MFT
Verified Verified
Arlington, WA 98223
Accepting new clients for April & May for Private Pay in Arlington and Mt. Vernon. Some evening and weekend availabilities. Waiting list for insurance. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, families, & adolescence from all cultural, ethnic, spiritual, & socioeconomic backgrounds. With a Masters of Science in Marriage & Family Therapy and a Graduate Certificate in Systemic Couple & Family Therapy, l use mindfulness and holistic approaches to help you connect with your needs and goals, build better relationships with yourself and those around you, and help you overcome and face life transitions and challenges.
Accepting new clients for April & May for Private Pay in Arlington and Mt. Vernon. Some evening and weekend availabilities. Waiting list for insurance. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, families, & adolescence from all cultural, ethnic, spiritual, & socioeconomic backgrounds. With a Masters of Science in Marriage & Family Therapy and a Graduate Certificate in Systemic Couple & Family Therapy, l use mindfulness and holistic approaches to help you connect with your needs and goals, build better relationships with yourself and those around you, and help you overcome and face life transitions and challenges.
(360) 913-3539 View (360) 913-3539
Photo of Jennifer L Wozniak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Snohomish County, WA
Jennifer L Wozniak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Snohomish, WA 98290
I really do enjoy working with individuals and groups and seek to have an authentic and warm therapeutic relationship with my clients. Building trust is paramount to successful treatment and my approach is to start with a more open and conversational tone after assessment. The process will focus on feelings and creating a space to foster more sensitive conversations. My own life experiences have guided me to this ‘feeling work’. My life’s purpose is to use the gift for seeing the strengths in people to assist the client in finding their genuine self. Past clients have described me as “caring”, “empathic” and “helpful”.
I really do enjoy working with individuals and groups and seek to have an authentic and warm therapeutic relationship with my clients. Building trust is paramount to successful treatment and my approach is to start with a more open and conversational tone after assessment. The process will focus on feelings and creating a space to foster more sensitive conversations. My own life experiences have guided me to this ‘feeling work’. My life’s purpose is to use the gift for seeing the strengths in people to assist the client in finding their genuine self. Past clients have described me as “caring”, “empathic” and “helpful”.
(360) 549-9634 x1173 View (360) 549-9634 x1173
Photo of Michele Cirella, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Snohomish County, WA
Michele Cirella
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Snohomish, WA 98290
Life can be challenging and sometimes we need extra support. I specialize in providing individual and family therapy to adults, children, and adolescents that are experiencing a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, family disruptions and conflicts, and peer interactions. I am currently in the process of completing a certification that will be completed at the end of March to be able to serve parents who are struggling with Postpartum Disorders. I look forward to taking this journey with you towards a healthier and happier life.
Life can be challenging and sometimes we need extra support. I specialize in providing individual and family therapy to adults, children, and adolescents that are experiencing a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, family disruptions and conflicts, and peer interactions. I am currently in the process of completing a certification that will be completed at the end of March to be able to serve parents who are struggling with Postpartum Disorders. I look forward to taking this journey with you towards a healthier and happier life.
(360) 967-9618 View (360) 967-9618
Photo of Quinn Opatowsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Snohomish County, WA
Quinn Opatowsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSWA, ASDCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Everett, WA 98203  (Online Only)
I have openings right now! Clients who work well with me value open communication and are ready for feedback, are actively engaged in their healing process, and are curious about how their past experiences impact them. I also enjoy using humor in my approach to quote Allen Klein: “Humor can alter any situation and help us cope at the very instant we are laughing.”
I have openings right now! Clients who work well with me value open communication and are ready for feedback, are actively engaged in their healing process, and are curious about how their past experiences impact them. I also enjoy using humor in my approach to quote Allen Klein: “Humor can alter any situation and help us cope at the very instant we are laughing.”
(425) 399-8179 View (425) 399-8179
Photo of Life and Peace Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Snohomish County, WA
Life and Peace Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043  (Online Only)
I'm a devoted and joyful therapist who values the strength of embracing life's positive aspects. With a relaxed demeanor and a sincere affection for people, I'm here to guide you on a journey towards tranquility, optimism, and insight. I provide support, understanding, and a secure environment for exploration where you can openly express yourself. It's my heartfelt commitment to collaborate with you, ensuring you feel acknowledged and upheld throughout our therapeutic journey.
I'm a devoted and joyful therapist who values the strength of embracing life's positive aspects. With a relaxed demeanor and a sincere affection for people, I'm here to guide you on a journey towards tranquility, optimism, and insight. I provide support, understanding, and a secure environment for exploration where you can openly express yourself. It's my heartfelt commitment to collaborate with you, ensuring you feel acknowledged and upheld throughout our therapeutic journey.
(425) 541-7313 View (425) 541-7313
Photo of Dr. Jeff J. Rocker, Counselor in Snohomish County, WA
Dr. Jeff J. Rocker
Counselor, PhD, NCC, LPC, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Lynnwood, WA 98037
With 12 years of experience working with clients going through individual, relationship, and family issues, Celebrity Therapist Dr. Jeff Rocker has provided therapeutic services to clients nationwide. He is Licensed in 22 states and has served clients from all age groups. Over the years, Dr. Jeff has organized lectures and various events in the community, including excursions and retreats for couples to improve their communication and better understand each other. He has experience working with athletes in the NFL, NBA, and MLB. In addition, Dr. Jeff has also worked with clients in the Movie, Music, and Entertainment Industries.
With 12 years of experience working with clients going through individual, relationship, and family issues, Celebrity Therapist Dr. Jeff Rocker has provided therapeutic services to clients nationwide. He is Licensed in 22 states and has served clients from all age groups. Over the years, Dr. Jeff has organized lectures and various events in the community, including excursions and retreats for couples to improve their communication and better understand each other. He has experience working with athletes in the NFL, NBA, and MLB. In addition, Dr. Jeff has also worked with clients in the Movie, Music, and Entertainment Industries.
(425) 584-5563 View (425) 584-5563
Photo of Sarah Hie, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Snohomish County, WA
Sarah Hie
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043  (Online Only)
We are all authors to our own stories, and experts in our own lives. When our stories are silenced, harmed, or rejected, this can affect our lives and identities in many ways. It takes immense bravery to let a stranger look past the cover of your story, and you deserve a space where the chapters you wish to process will be handled with respect and care. Whether you are new to therapy or have been participating in therapy for years, I believe that my role is to sit with you wherever you are at in life. Therapy is hard work, and I honor this through taking our time together at your own pace.
We are all authors to our own stories, and experts in our own lives. When our stories are silenced, harmed, or rejected, this can affect our lives and identities in many ways. It takes immense bravery to let a stranger look past the cover of your story, and you deserve a space where the chapters you wish to process will be handled with respect and care. Whether you are new to therapy or have been participating in therapy for years, I believe that my role is to sit with you wherever you are at in life. Therapy is hard work, and I honor this through taking our time together at your own pace.
(425) 689-7378 View (425) 689-7378
Photo of Alice Allen-Redfern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Snohomish County, WA
Alice Allen-Redfern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Lynnwood, WA 98036
I specialize in supporting those affected by chronic and progressive conditions that affect the brain; this can include, but is not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, related Dementias, Parkinson's, Stroke, PPA, Lewy Body, Frontotemporal Degeneration, Huntington's Disease. I work with those diagnosed, as well as their loved ones & caregivers. My support spans the whole journey; from recently diagnosed, into the later stages. Additionally, I offer guidance and navigation for those experiencing aging-related issues. I am available for sessions in-person, virtually, or through home-visits in select instances.
I specialize in supporting those affected by chronic and progressive conditions that affect the brain; this can include, but is not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, related Dementias, Parkinson's, Stroke, PPA, Lewy Body, Frontotemporal Degeneration, Huntington's Disease. I work with those diagnosed, as well as their loved ones & caregivers. My support spans the whole journey; from recently diagnosed, into the later stages. Additionally, I offer guidance and navigation for those experiencing aging-related issues. I am available for sessions in-person, virtually, or through home-visits in select instances.
(206) 627-4525 View (206) 627-4525
Photo of Jasmine Nicole McCarthy, Counselor in Snohomish County, WA
Jasmine Nicole McCarthy
Counselor, MA, NCC, LMHCA, MHP
Verified Verified
Snohomish, WA 98290  (Online Only)
I work with clients to process trauma, emotions, and life stressors; cope with and ease symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and post-traumatic stress and expand their window of tolerance/what they are able to tolerate; rewire thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and thereby one’s environment to align with their authentic truth and desires; define and draw boundaries; and identify core beliefs. I love to help women create a life in alignment with their menstrual cycle (intentional scheduling, eating, intimacy, and socializing for optimal energy functioning), as well as help all people structure and deepen their spiritual path.
I work with clients to process trauma, emotions, and life stressors; cope with and ease symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and post-traumatic stress and expand their window of tolerance/what they are able to tolerate; rewire thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and thereby one’s environment to align with their authentic truth and desires; define and draw boundaries; and identify core beliefs. I love to help women create a life in alignment with their menstrual cycle (intentional scheduling, eating, intimacy, and socializing for optimal energy functioning), as well as help all people structure and deepen their spiritual path.
(206) 759-2244 View (206) 759-2244
Photo of Frankie Beach, Pre-Licensed Professional in Snohomish County, WA
Frankie Beach
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lynnwood, WA 98036  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My approach to mental health therapy is trauma-informed, client-centered and takes into account various modalities of healing such as art and music therapy.
Hello and welcome! I believe that people express themselves and process their experiences in different ways, and I aim to honor this reality in my practice. I bring a perspective that is open-minded, investigative, and collaborative, and that is accepting of a multitude of relationship styles and ways of viewing the world. I value helping people find meaning, joy, and pleasure in their lives. I work with adults and teenagers struggling with depression, anxiety, relationships, body image issues, and problems with identity and self-esteem. I am a Graduate Clinical Social Work Intern at Smith College working at Wayfinder Counseling.
My approach to mental health therapy is trauma-informed, client-centered and takes into account various modalities of healing such as art and music therapy.
Hello and welcome! I believe that people express themselves and process their experiences in different ways, and I aim to honor this reality in my practice. I bring a perspective that is open-minded, investigative, and collaborative, and that is accepting of a multitude of relationship styles and ways of viewing the world. I value helping people find meaning, joy, and pleasure in their lives. I work with adults and teenagers struggling with depression, anxiety, relationships, body image issues, and problems with identity and self-esteem. I am a Graduate Clinical Social Work Intern at Smith College working at Wayfinder Counseling.
(425) 600-7736 View (425) 600-7736
Photo of Jacob Sapp, Counselor in Snohomish County, WA
Jacob Sapp
Counselor, MA, LMHCA, CBIS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Snohomish, WA 98290  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have experience supporting all sorts of clients and love the work that I do. My ideal client is someone exploring identity expansion. I have experience with new and fluid members in the LGBTQ+ community, as well as exploring religious trauma and spiritual curiosity. Using inherent strengths and resiliency built into your experience, I hope to help empower you in your journey, while also listening and caring for your body and its needs. I am also well acquainted with brain injuries and resulting life changes, and in helping folks navigate, grieve, and empower themselves in changing levels of functionality and accommodations.
I have experience supporting all sorts of clients and love the work that I do. My ideal client is someone exploring identity expansion. I have experience with new and fluid members in the LGBTQ+ community, as well as exploring religious trauma and spiritual curiosity. Using inherent strengths and resiliency built into your experience, I hope to help empower you in your journey, while also listening and caring for your body and its needs. I am also well acquainted with brain injuries and resulting life changes, and in helping folks navigate, grieve, and empower themselves in changing levels of functionality and accommodations.
(425) 217-8687 View (425) 217-8687

Online Therapists

Photo of Marissa Rose Renella in Snohomish County, WA
Marissa Rose Renella
MT-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98112
Music therapy fosters expressive healing, easing symptoms and strengthening your lifelong connection to music.
Reconnecting to ourselves, others, and our community is imperative to growth, healing, and movement through life. Taking the time to find and explore creativity, our expression process, and the arts when we are living with mental illness, changes, and just living in general is a transformative process. This process alleviates debilitating symptoms so that we can discover what truly and uniquely works for us in therapy. I have experience working with people of all ages, the majority being youth ages 10-22 experiencing acute mental health crises, and I am open to working with folks of all ages and with any mental health support needs.
Music therapy fosters expressive healing, easing symptoms and strengthening your lifelong connection to music.
Reconnecting to ourselves, others, and our community is imperative to growth, healing, and movement through life. Taking the time to find and explore creativity, our expression process, and the arts when we are living with mental illness, changes, and just living in general is a transformative process. This process alleviates debilitating symptoms so that we can discover what truly and uniquely works for us in therapy. I have experience working with people of all ages, the majority being youth ages 10-22 experiencing acute mental health crises, and I am open to working with folks of all ages and with any mental health support needs.
(425) 276-8028 View (425) 276-8028
Photo of Marjorie Nelch, Counselor in Snohomish County, WA
Marjorie Nelch
Counselor, Marjorie Nelch, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98121
I use a mix of Person-Centered therapy, Interpersonal, Cognitive Behavioral, and Art/Music Therapy.
Do you struggle with distressing thoughts, feelings, or relationships? I view these problems as both present and past, meaning what we learn early in life may be unknowingly affecting the way we behave in the present. The counseling process can help to illuminate personal strengths, goals, and solutions to fit your unique story and personal desires.
I use a mix of Person-Centered therapy, Interpersonal, Cognitive Behavioral, and Art/Music Therapy.
Do you struggle with distressing thoughts, feelings, or relationships? I view these problems as both present and past, meaning what we learn early in life may be unknowingly affecting the way we behave in the present. The counseling process can help to illuminate personal strengths, goals, and solutions to fit your unique story and personal desires.
(206) 202-5843 x191 View (206) 202-5843 x191
Photo of Leif Weigel in Snohomish County, WA
Leif Weigel
MT-BC, NMT
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98104  (Online Only)
I offer traditional Music Therapy, Educational Therapy, & Consultation Services with a neuro-affirming, gender-inclusive & student-centered approach.
No matter the challenge, learning can (and should) work in harmony with each learners needs. If you're exhausted from endless IEP meetings and looking for a learning environment rooted in therapeutic MUSIC, creativity & joy, I'd love to work with your child! Together we can amplify their potential academically, socially, developmentally, expressively, and for their holistic wellbeing. I implement effective, evidence-based treatment to help them succeed in multiple facets of their life. Fostering an inclusive therapeutic learning environment is the heart of my practice.
I offer traditional Music Therapy, Educational Therapy, & Consultation Services with a neuro-affirming, gender-inclusive & student-centered approach.
No matter the challenge, learning can (and should) work in harmony with each learners needs. If you're exhausted from endless IEP meetings and looking for a learning environment rooted in therapeutic MUSIC, creativity & joy, I'd love to work with your child! Together we can amplify their potential academically, socially, developmentally, expressively, and for their holistic wellbeing. I implement effective, evidence-based treatment to help them succeed in multiple facets of their life. Fostering an inclusive therapeutic learning environment is the heart of my practice.
(206) 537-0353 View (206) 537-0353
Photo of Aileena White in Snohomish County, WA
Aileena White
Ccht, CHWP
Verified Verified
As a holistic wellness practitioner and clinical hypnotherapist I will assist in your healing through hypnotherapy, breath work and guided imagery along with other modalities such as music therapy and life coaching.
Through hypnotherapy and guided imagery, we can work on anxiety, learn stress management, cure seasonal mood disorder or overcome the COVID blues. Living in a state of fear or anxiousness can alter your DNA and accelerate aging. While in a hypnotic state, your body and mind are in such a deep place of relaxation that your organs and cells have a chance to heal. You will leave your sessions feeling relaxed and rejuvenated.
As a holistic wellness practitioner and clinical hypnotherapist I will assist in your healing through hypnotherapy, breath work and guided imagery along with other modalities such as music therapy and life coaching.
Through hypnotherapy and guided imagery, we can work on anxiety, learn stress management, cure seasonal mood disorder or overcome the COVID blues. Living in a state of fear or anxiousness can alter your DNA and accelerate aging. While in a hypnotic state, your body and mind are in such a deep place of relaxation that your organs and cells have a chance to heal. You will leave your sessions feeling relaxed and rejuvenated.
(253) 215-8839 View (253) 215-8839
Photo of Yarden Maya Solomon, Pre-Licensed Professional in Snohomish County, WA
Yarden Maya Solomon
Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98102  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients with weekly availability! I offer therapy that is compassionate, non-judgemental, and accepting of who you are and what you are carrying in the present moment. My work is creating a warm environment to explore different layers and parts of yourself, interpersonal relationships, goals and desires, as well as body-based mindfulness practices to process emotions in other ways besides talking. As a queer therapist centered in liberation frameworks, advocacy, and justice, I recognize how systemic oppression effects our mental health.
Accepting New Clients with weekly availability! I offer therapy that is compassionate, non-judgemental, and accepting of who you are and what you are carrying in the present moment. My work is creating a warm environment to explore different layers and parts of yourself, interpersonal relationships, goals and desires, as well as body-based mindfulness practices to process emotions in other ways besides talking. As a queer therapist centered in liberation frameworks, advocacy, and justice, I recognize how systemic oppression effects our mental health.
(253) 367-3679 View (253) 367-3679
Photo of Rj Solomon, Pre-Licensed Professional in Snohomish County, WA
Rj Solomon
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98115
The path to healing is not one-size-fits-all or linear. Regardless of who you are, we're all out here just trying to be human. The decision to seek help is not an easy one, but my calling is to make the process feel safe, approachable, and welcomed. My goal is to be your mirror and witness to your story. I hope to create a collaborative and safe space to address your needs, achieve your goals, and bring peace and contentment to your whole self.
The path to healing is not one-size-fits-all or linear. Regardless of who you are, we're all out here just trying to be human. The decision to seek help is not an easy one, but my calling is to make the process feel safe, approachable, and welcomed. My goal is to be your mirror and witness to your story. I hope to create a collaborative and safe space to address your needs, achieve your goals, and bring peace and contentment to your whole self.
(206) 207-3642 View (206) 207-3642
Photo of Robert Mark Hutchings, Counselor in Snohomish County, WA
Robert Mark Hutchings
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bellingham, WA 98225
I assist those who have become aware that the story they are currently living is no longer serving them well. Together we will create a therapeutic environment that cultivates this initial awareness. Through the learned application of compassionate boundaries and a mind/body integrative approach, we work to resolve the past dysfunctional or traumatic parts of your story. As we bring balance to our mind/body through awareness, we may align ourselves with our spiritual center to create a new intentional, energetic story that allows healing and the possibility of wellbeing. I further offer nature therapy and grounding/yogic guidance.
I assist those who have become aware that the story they are currently living is no longer serving them well. Together we will create a therapeutic environment that cultivates this initial awareness. Through the learned application of compassionate boundaries and a mind/body integrative approach, we work to resolve the past dysfunctional or traumatic parts of your story. As we bring balance to our mind/body through awareness, we may align ourselves with our spiritual center to create a new intentional, energetic story that allows healing and the possibility of wellbeing. I further offer nature therapy and grounding/yogic guidance.
(360) 233-8944 View (360) 233-8944
Photo of Elisa Campbell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Snohomish County, WA
Elisa Campbell
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98104
Whatever you are going through, you shouldn't have to go through it alone. Sometimes, we encounter barriers that can keep us from living the joyous life we deserve. Maybe those barriers include: depression, anxiety, or trauma reactions. Perhaps you need help on building your skills, strengths, resiliency, and emotional awareness to cope with the various challenges throughout life. Or, maybe you want the tools to align your life with your values and vision. Even though painful, difficult experiences are inevitable, that does not mean we can't live our best lives, or be our most authentic and fulfilled selves.
Whatever you are going through, you shouldn't have to go through it alone. Sometimes, we encounter barriers that can keep us from living the joyous life we deserve. Maybe those barriers include: depression, anxiety, or trauma reactions. Perhaps you need help on building your skills, strengths, resiliency, and emotional awareness to cope with the various challenges throughout life. Or, maybe you want the tools to align your life with your values and vision. Even though painful, difficult experiences are inevitable, that does not mean we can't live our best lives, or be our most authentic and fulfilled selves.
(425) 906-3691 View (425) 906-3691

See more therapy options for Snohomish County

Music Therapy

How does music therapy work?

A music therapist will begin by assessing the client’s specific needs and getting a sense of their musical ability and interests. Musical training is not required, and clients of all ages can benefit from this type of therapy. The therapist will then make a plan for how to achieve the client’s therapeutic goal(s) using a range of receptive (e.g., listening to a song) and active (e.g., drumming in a group) music therapy techniques.

What are some common music therapy techniques?

Music therapy usually involves listening to music (either live or recorded). Music therapy clients may also make music on popular instruments, such as the piano, guitar, and hand drum, or sing. Sometimes music therapy can include guided imagery. A music therapist may ask clients to improvise on the spot or even compose their own songs. Dancing or moving to music can be an effective intervention to help clients feel more fully grounded in their bodies and remain in the present moment.

How does music therapy help with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Music therapy can be a valuable creative outlet for clients with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who have trouble putting their painful feelings into words. Listening to music can be relaxing while making music as part of a group provides plenty of opportunities to connect with other people. In addition to its mood-boosting effects, music therapy can help clients build resilience and overcome PTSD symptoms that may interfere with their daily lives.

How long does music therapy take?

Music therapy sessions generally last between 30 and 50 minutes. They can be scheduled in advance (for example, once a week) or can be done on an as-needed basis. Some clients will only require a handful of music therapy sessions to achieve their goals, while others may need months or longer, depending on their specific concern.