Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Marin Roth, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Marin Roth
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Hi, I’m Marin and I’m so glad you’re here! If you’re experiencing distance or conflict in your relationships or are hoping to build a more compassionate and meaningful relationship with yourself, I’d love to help. I am passionate about helping couples find their way through any hardship in a way that brings them closer along the journey and would love to help you build a foundation of communication and trust that you can build on for years to come. I also have a special interest in helping individuals with ADHD, anxiety, or depression find ways to work with their brain and build kindness and confidence within themselves.
Hi, I’m Marin and I’m so glad you’re here! If you’re experiencing distance or conflict in your relationships or are hoping to build a more compassionate and meaningful relationship with yourself, I’d love to help. I am passionate about helping couples find their way through any hardship in a way that brings them closer along the journey and would love to help you build a foundation of communication and trust that you can build on for years to come. I also have a special interest in helping individuals with ADHD, anxiety, or depression find ways to work with their brain and build kindness and confidence within themselves.
(267) 214-9814 View (267) 214-9814
Photo of Rachel Helen Ascione, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Rachel Helen Ascione
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19118  (Online Only)
I work with couples and individuals struggling with anything from anxiety and depression to repairing relationships and grief. I have extensive training in trauma and LGBTQA+ issues. My practice aims to help clients find a better quality of life and gain the tools they need to honor their past, thrive in their present, and look forward to their future.
I work with couples and individuals struggling with anything from anxiety and depression to repairing relationships and grief. I have extensive training in trauma and LGBTQA+ issues. My practice aims to help clients find a better quality of life and gain the tools they need to honor their past, thrive in their present, and look forward to their future.
(215) 999-7396 View (215) 999-7396
Photo of LGBTQ+, Polyamory/CNM, BDSM/Kink Video Coaching, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
LGBTQ+, Polyamory/CNM, BDSM/Kink Video Coaching
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Weclome! My name is Kevin. Whether you’re having difficulty making changes in life, dealing with stress, anxiety, or depression, or wanting to improve your self-confidence, I would be honored to assist you on your journey. My style is warm, collaborative, and respectful. I believe that you are in charge of your journey and my role is to walk with you and offer ideas and concepts to help you achieve the goals you have chosen. I will not tell you how to think, feel, or behave. Instead, you and I will explore options to help you determine the right path for you. I specialize in the LGBTQ+, CNM.Polyamory, and BDSM/Kink communities.
Weclome! My name is Kevin. Whether you’re having difficulty making changes in life, dealing with stress, anxiety, or depression, or wanting to improve your self-confidence, I would be honored to assist you on your journey. My style is warm, collaborative, and respectful. I believe that you are in charge of your journey and my role is to walk with you and offer ideas and concepts to help you achieve the goals you have chosen. I will not tell you how to think, feel, or behave. Instead, you and I will explore options to help you determine the right path for you. I specialize in the LGBTQ+, CNM.Polyamory, and BDSM/Kink communities.
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Photo of Jenna Rosenau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Jenna Rosenau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110
Whether you're going through a life transition, struggling in a relationship, or experiencing anxiety, it takes courage to seek help. Regardless of what you're going through, I want you to recognize that your resilience in life has brought you this far. I would like to help you from here by guiding you through this therapeutic process, as it may relate to personal trauma, early life experiences, and/or unhealthy patterns. I will help you unlock old patterns and beliefs about yourself that are no longer serving you or your relationships. I will support you in tapping into a deeper understand of who you are at your core.
Whether you're going through a life transition, struggling in a relationship, or experiencing anxiety, it takes courage to seek help. Regardless of what you're going through, I want you to recognize that your resilience in life has brought you this far. I would like to help you from here by guiding you through this therapeutic process, as it may relate to personal trauma, early life experiences, and/or unhealthy patterns. I will help you unlock old patterns and beliefs about yourself that are no longer serving you or your relationships. I will support you in tapping into a deeper understand of who you are at your core.
(267) 356-4219 View (267) 356-4219
Photo of Chelsea Snyder, Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Chelsea Snyder
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106
I know therapy can sometimes be intimidating or frightening to begin, so my goal as a therapist is to create a safe and welcoming environment for you to share what is most troubling in your life. I will work in collaboration with you to help reach your goals and enhance the strengths you already possess. This is in addition to teaching you skills to help you feel more in control of your life. I am a certified clinical trauma professional and am also trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, an evidenced-based trauma therapy to reduce trauma symptoms.
I know therapy can sometimes be intimidating or frightening to begin, so my goal as a therapist is to create a safe and welcoming environment for you to share what is most troubling in your life. I will work in collaboration with you to help reach your goals and enhance the strengths you already possess. This is in addition to teaching you skills to help you feel more in control of your life. I am a certified clinical trauma professional and am also trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, an evidenced-based trauma therapy to reduce trauma symptoms.
(267) 323-4944 View (267) 323-4944
Photo of Gabriela O'Shea, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Gabriela O'Shea
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, CTP, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19118
Not accepting new clients
The decision to seek treatment and find the right therapist can be anxiety inducing. In fact, many times the journey stops here for those who might not be ready to take the next step. I know that being vulnerable with a stranger is uncomfortable and may be difficult when first beginning your therapeutic journey. However, my hope is that I can assist you in taking small steps towards building a trusting relationship together and reaching your therapeutic goals. Together, we can reflect upon what you’re needing from yourself, your relationships, and your environment and what changes can be made to enhance your overall quality of life.
The decision to seek treatment and find the right therapist can be anxiety inducing. In fact, many times the journey stops here for those who might not be ready to take the next step. I know that being vulnerable with a stranger is uncomfortable and may be difficult when first beginning your therapeutic journey. However, my hope is that I can assist you in taking small steps towards building a trusting relationship together and reaching your therapeutic goals. Together, we can reflect upon what you’re needing from yourself, your relationships, and your environment and what changes can be made to enhance your overall quality of life.
(215) 874-6528 View (215) 874-6528
Photo of Addie Mooney, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Addie Mooney
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, APC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Welcome! As a therapist my goal is to create a non-judgmental and supportive space where it feels safe to explore and grow. I have extensive experience supporting survivors of sexual assault and relational trauma (domestic violence, childhood abuse) as well as a strong understanding of narcissistic abuse and codependency. I also work with individuals that may be experiencing anxiety, depression, and OCD as well as life stress from difficult loss or transitions. My therapeutic approach integrates a psychodynamic and interpersonal framework along with some elements of Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CF-CBT).
Welcome! As a therapist my goal is to create a non-judgmental and supportive space where it feels safe to explore and grow. I have extensive experience supporting survivors of sexual assault and relational trauma (domestic violence, childhood abuse) as well as a strong understanding of narcissistic abuse and codependency. I also work with individuals that may be experiencing anxiety, depression, and OCD as well as life stress from difficult loss or transitions. My therapeutic approach integrates a psychodynamic and interpersonal framework along with some elements of Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CF-CBT).
(610) 686-8690 View (610) 686-8690
Photo of Callie Kirby, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Callie Kirby
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19146  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Callie, and I am a pre-licensed master's level therapist. I have years of experience working with children, adolescents, and young adults in a therapeutic session and as a teacher.
Hi, my name is Callie, and I am a pre-licensed master's level therapist. I have years of experience working with children, adolescents, and young adults in a therapeutic session and as a teacher.
(267) 550-5209 View (267) 550-5209
Photo of Helping Wind Wellness, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Helping Wind Wellness, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19129
So, you're getting divorced. First, I'm sorry you're going through this, or any other upsetting and life-altering experience, including job loss, grief, or litigation, among others. I'm sure getting to this point has been no fun at all. And now comes the hard part: hanging onto yourself while your life gets rearranged.
So, you're getting divorced. First, I'm sorry you're going through this, or any other upsetting and life-altering experience, including job loss, grief, or litigation, among others. I'm sure getting to this point has been no fun at all. And now comes the hard part: hanging onto yourself while your life gets rearranged.
(215) 352-4269 View (215) 352-4269
Photo of Kate Lang, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Kate Lang
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MSEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I view therapy like a road trip: some parts are fun, some are not, but in the end you get to where you need to go. You are the driver and have the control but we are on the journey together. I will be there, in the passenger seat, to help reroute if we get detoured... and try to help us avoid the potholes! It’s your hard work, though, that gets us to the destination. I have found that creating a genuine connection makes all the difference in where we can go together in treatment, so let’s get this trip started!
I view therapy like a road trip: some parts are fun, some are not, but in the end you get to where you need to go. You are the driver and have the control but we are on the journey together. I will be there, in the passenger seat, to help reroute if we get detoured... and try to help us avoid the potholes! It’s your hard work, though, that gets us to the destination. I have found that creating a genuine connection makes all the difference in where we can go together in treatment, so let’s get this trip started!
(215) 789-4744 View (215) 789-4744
Photo of Chelsea Murphy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Chelsea Murphy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I’m passionate about creating space for therapy participants to find fuller versions of themselves through exploration, play, and experiential learning. I believe that liberated imagination, mindful movement, and ability to sit with paradox are transformative skills that can be used towards individual and collective healing. My therapy style is person centered and strength based, I believe that you are the expert on you. I cultivate a warm and friendly space to connect and build a trusting therapeutic relationship.
I’m passionate about creating space for therapy participants to find fuller versions of themselves through exploration, play, and experiential learning. I believe that liberated imagination, mindful movement, and ability to sit with paradox are transformative skills that can be used towards individual and collective healing. My therapy style is person centered and strength based, I believe that you are the expert on you. I cultivate a warm and friendly space to connect and build a trusting therapeutic relationship.
(484) 900-8057 View (484) 900-8057
Photo of PHL Therapy Collective, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
PHL Therapy Collective
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110
PHL Therapy Collective operates as a training site for area master's therapy students and a place for these interns to begin in private practice after graduation, bringing with them the clients they already have. Clients can expect a supportive space for change - not changing themselves, but changing their perspective to see more solutions and a deeper understanding of the causes behind the issues that bring them in. You will be treated as the expert on yourself - we are here to support change and offering new tools along the way. We believe you are enough and have everything you need, some of it just needs to be rediscovered.
PHL Therapy Collective operates as a training site for area master's therapy students and a place for these interns to begin in private practice after graduation, bringing with them the clients they already have. Clients can expect a supportive space for change - not changing themselves, but changing their perspective to see more solutions and a deeper understanding of the causes behind the issues that bring them in. You will be treated as the expert on yourself - we are here to support change and offering new tools along the way. We believe you are enough and have everything you need, some of it just needs to be rediscovered.
(267) 641-1517 View (267) 641-1517
Photo of Michael C. Wright, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Michael C. Wright
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I am a licensed clinical psychologist located near Rittenhouse Square. While I have experience with a wide range of issues, I am especially skilled in working with depression, anxiety, loneliness, loss, shame, and sexual and gender identity concerns. My approach to treatment is relational and psychodynamic. This means that I strive to maintain a strong focus on the relationship⁠—both the therapeutic and real, human relationship⁠—between the client and me. To this end, I believe that the therapeutic relationship is itself a powerful agent for change and can serve as a foundation for addressing numerous real-world problems.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist located near Rittenhouse Square. While I have experience with a wide range of issues, I am especially skilled in working with depression, anxiety, loneliness, loss, shame, and sexual and gender identity concerns. My approach to treatment is relational and psychodynamic. This means that I strive to maintain a strong focus on the relationship⁠—both the therapeutic and real, human relationship⁠—between the client and me. To this end, I believe that the therapeutic relationship is itself a powerful agent for change and can serve as a foundation for addressing numerous real-world problems.
(215) 608-2718 View (215) 608-2718
Photo of Lauren Marie Carone in Philadelphia, PA
Lauren Marie Carone
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Rittenhouse Psychiatric Associates is a network of over 20 Psychiatric providers offering Virtual and In-office evaluations, medication mgnt. and therapy. I work to create a collaborative and safe, yet challenging therapeutic environment with clients. Together we work to uncover and explore the ways one’s experiences and current life circumstances can shape the very lens through which we view the world and ourselves. Developing awareness of one’s underlying beliefs and patterns empowers us to regain a sense of control and strength over the very problematic choices and behaviors that interfere with a deserved quality of life.
Rittenhouse Psychiatric Associates is a network of over 20 Psychiatric providers offering Virtual and In-office evaluations, medication mgnt. and therapy. I work to create a collaborative and safe, yet challenging therapeutic environment with clients. Together we work to uncover and explore the ways one’s experiences and current life circumstances can shape the very lens through which we view the world and ourselves. Developing awareness of one’s underlying beliefs and patterns empowers us to regain a sense of control and strength over the very problematic choices and behaviors that interfere with a deserved quality of life.
(215) 999-7890 x16 View (215) 999-7890 x16
Photo of Hannah Reiser, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Hannah Reiser
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
All people experience hardships that can put them in a rut or lead to burnout. Whatever stressor you may be facing, my goal is to use a trauma-informed, holistic lens to work with you to better understand and accept your emotions, introduce new perspectives, and create steps toward change using your unique strengths. One of the most essential components of therapy is ensuring that you feel safe and comfortable to open up about your innermost feelings and beliefs. I strive to make you feel accepted and empowered to express your needs and create tailored goals in treatment using a collaborative approach.
All people experience hardships that can put them in a rut or lead to burnout. Whatever stressor you may be facing, my goal is to use a trauma-informed, holistic lens to work with you to better understand and accept your emotions, introduce new perspectives, and create steps toward change using your unique strengths. One of the most essential components of therapy is ensuring that you feel safe and comfortable to open up about your innermost feelings and beliefs. I strive to make you feel accepted and empowered to express your needs and create tailored goals in treatment using a collaborative approach.
(484) 878-4543 View (484) 878-4543
Photo of Amobiye Nkromah, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Amobiye Nkromah
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I am devoted to enacting positive change by connecting with, supporting, and empowering individuals. Throughout my journey, I have been drawn to people, felt the impact of the human experience, and have learned many lessons along the way. I consider myself a student of life, constantly learning from experiences and people; as I continue to draw breath, I will continue to learn. Perhaps the most poignant lesson I have learned thus far, is each person has the inherent power to create and live the life of his/her choosing. Your perfect life can only be designed by you.
I am devoted to enacting positive change by connecting with, supporting, and empowering individuals. Throughout my journey, I have been drawn to people, felt the impact of the human experience, and have learned many lessons along the way. I consider myself a student of life, constantly learning from experiences and people; as I continue to draw breath, I will continue to learn. Perhaps the most poignant lesson I have learned thus far, is each person has the inherent power to create and live the life of his/her choosing. Your perfect life can only be designed by you.
(484) 878-5056 View (484) 878-5056
Photo of A. Carly Agre, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
A. Carly Agre
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19145  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Everyone deserves to feel safe. In an ever-changing and unpredictable world, therapy is a place to receive support and work towards the next steps in your life. You are in the driver's seat, and I am here alongside you to explore your past, present or future. I hold space for individuals who have experienced trauma, are considering making life changes, need support in managing mental health challenges, or are simply hoping to better understand themselves or how they relate to the world around us.
Everyone deserves to feel safe. In an ever-changing and unpredictable world, therapy is a place to receive support and work towards the next steps in your life. You are in the driver's seat, and I am here alongside you to explore your past, present or future. I hold space for individuals who have experienced trauma, are considering making life changes, need support in managing mental health challenges, or are simply hoping to better understand themselves or how they relate to the world around us.
(215) 539-2575 View (215) 539-2575
Photo of Christian Jordal, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Christian Jordal
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CST-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, in practice since 2004, working with individuals, couples, and families. I see clients for brief and extended periods of time, assisting them with issues including: depression; anxiety; sexual issues, communication and relationship difficulties; conflict resolution; trauma and attachment injuries; infidelity; adjustment issues related to separation, divorce, grief, and loss. I view issues contextually and address race, culture, gender, among others, in my work.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, in practice since 2004, working with individuals, couples, and families. I see clients for brief and extended periods of time, assisting them with issues including: depression; anxiety; sexual issues, communication and relationship difficulties; conflict resolution; trauma and attachment injuries; infidelity; adjustment issues related to separation, divorce, grief, and loss. I view issues contextually and address race, culture, gender, among others, in my work.
(267) 388-4586 View (267) 388-4586
Photo of Ryan Musser, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Ryan Musser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hey there! I'm Ryan. I'm glad you are taking the next step in addressing your mental health. This can feel intimidating. It takes courage to open up to someone new. Do you feel like other therapists haven't been able to help? Have you noticed little to no progress in therapy before? I help people understand themselves in light of their family dynamics. Let’s look at your story together so you can rewrite some parts, get rid of others, and decide how your story will unfold into the future.
Hey there! I'm Ryan. I'm glad you are taking the next step in addressing your mental health. This can feel intimidating. It takes courage to open up to someone new. Do you feel like other therapists haven't been able to help? Have you noticed little to no progress in therapy before? I help people understand themselves in light of their family dynamics. Let’s look at your story together so you can rewrite some parts, get rid of others, and decide how your story will unfold into the future.
(484) 759-9536 View (484) 759-9536
Photo of Melanie Basden Taylor, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Philadelphia, PA
Melanie Basden Taylor
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MA, MFT, Intern
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Finding the right therapist can be overwhelming when seeking therapy, but that is where I come in. I view the Psychotherapy process as a team effort where we work together to work through your trauma or relationship problems. I love building a rapport with my couples to work through the healing process together.
Finding the right therapist can be overwhelming when seeking therapy, but that is where I come in. I view the Psychotherapy process as a team effort where we work together to work through your trauma or relationship problems. I love building a rapport with my couples to work through the healing process together.
(215) 201-4442 View (215) 201-4442

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.