Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Karen Keating, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Karen Keating
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
I am a dedicated therapist pursuing the LPC Track at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Mental Health Counseling. My journey has been molded by my deep comprehension of the human experience, acquired through my education and personal development. Fueled by a fervent passion for aiding others in traversing their inner realms, I stand as a staunch supporter of healing, growth, and fostering connections.
I am a dedicated therapist pursuing the LPC Track at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Mental Health Counseling. My journey has been molded by my deep comprehension of the human experience, acquired through my education and personal development. Fueled by a fervent passion for aiding others in traversing their inner realms, I stand as a staunch supporter of healing, growth, and fostering connections.
(412) 743-8929 View (412) 743-8929
Photo of Linda J Nordquist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Linda J Nordquist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
The most courageous thing you can do is to begin the journey of understanding your own story. Our past experiences touch nearly every relationship in our lives. Often, despite our best efforts, old unhelpful patterns re-emerge. Our ways of coping with stress and uncertainty become painful and limiting with time. Psychotherapy can be a space to unlearn these harmful patterns and heal past hurtful experiences. I use an eclectic framework for therapy that depends on what my client feels is most helpful, though my roots are in attachment, psychodynamic and EMDR therapies.
The most courageous thing you can do is to begin the journey of understanding your own story. Our past experiences touch nearly every relationship in our lives. Often, despite our best efforts, old unhelpful patterns re-emerge. Our ways of coping with stress and uncertainty become painful and limiting with time. Psychotherapy can be a space to unlearn these harmful patterns and heal past hurtful experiences. I use an eclectic framework for therapy that depends on what my client feels is most helpful, though my roots are in attachment, psychodynamic and EMDR therapies.
(412) 275-4683 View (412) 275-4683
Photo of Dr. Ruiqing Yu, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. Ruiqing Yu
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
Have you had a car accident and lost everything, including your career and physical health? Did you have to undergo multiple surgeries to fix your body because of the accident? Are you becoming more and more depressed and easily angry at home? Does your family think you need some help? Have you struggled with a lot of anxiety & OCD since you were young? Do you want to make changes to yourself so your husband and daughters can love again? I use a person-centered approach to build rapport with clients. I provide psychoeducation about what depression & anxiety are and how therapy works to help reduce the unknown feelings.
Have you had a car accident and lost everything, including your career and physical health? Did you have to undergo multiple surgeries to fix your body because of the accident? Are you becoming more and more depressed and easily angry at home? Does your family think you need some help? Have you struggled with a lot of anxiety & OCD since you were young? Do you want to make changes to yourself so your husband and daughters can love again? I use a person-centered approach to build rapport with clients. I provide psychoeducation about what depression & anxiety are and how therapy works to help reduce the unknown feelings.
(412) 816-8868 View (412) 816-8868
Photo of Lawrence M Glanz, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Lawrence M Glanz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Waitlist for new clients
My approach is primarily cognitive behavioral and I have over thirty years of experience. I work mostly with adults with depression and anxiety disorders. OCD is a special interest, and I use exposure and response prevention. I believe that with patience, a positive outlook and good rapport, much is possible.
My approach is primarily cognitive behavioral and I have over thirty years of experience. I work mostly with adults with depression and anxiety disorders. OCD is a special interest, and I use exposure and response prevention. I believe that with patience, a positive outlook and good rapport, much is possible.
(412) 543-8484 x2 View (412) 543-8484 x2
Photo of Nicole Snyder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Nicole Snyder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I enjoy working with people who are struggling with trauma, anxiety, life transitions, and problems with self-esteem. I believe we each have the ability to understand and overcome our past traumas and current life stressors. I believe a supportive and safe space is necessary for people to overcome barriers and feel comfortable processing feelings, thoughts, and experiences.
I enjoy working with people who are struggling with trauma, anxiety, life transitions, and problems with self-esteem. I believe we each have the ability to understand and overcome our past traumas and current life stressors. I believe a supportive and safe space is necessary for people to overcome barriers and feel comfortable processing feelings, thoughts, and experiences.
(412) 275-5511 View (412) 275-5511
Photo of Chad Losinger, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Chad Losinger
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15239
It can be overwhelming to try and to deal with the stress of everyday life while carrying the weight of unresolved stress. In time, that stress can cause us our perspectives towards others and how we feel about our lives to change. This is typically when people seek treatment to work through that stuck feeling, to pursue more meaningful lives that aren't weighed down by stress or their experiences. I work to create a calm, accepting atmosphere so that clients can more easily speak their experiences into existence and let go of the stress that keeps them stuck.
It can be overwhelming to try and to deal with the stress of everyday life while carrying the weight of unresolved stress. In time, that stress can cause us our perspectives towards others and how we feel about our lives to change. This is typically when people seek treatment to work through that stuck feeling, to pursue more meaningful lives that aren't weighed down by stress or their experiences. I work to create a calm, accepting atmosphere so that clients can more easily speak their experiences into existence and let go of the stress that keeps them stuck.
(412) 547-8612 View (412) 547-8612
Photo of Jodi Lynn Buzzell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Jodi Lynn Buzzell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15239
Life has its challenges can be overwhelming and stressful. Individuals, families and couples can be effected by these issues . If you are feeling anxious, depressed or suffering from emotional or substance uses issues, experiencing family or relationship conflicts, let my 12 years of experience working with children, adults, families and couples, assist. My approach for families and couples, is exploring patterns in relationship dynamics, providing insight and improving communication . I have worked with adults and children to develop coping skills to manage emotional issues. Therapy is client centered, strength based and the goal is to empower and reach full potential.
Life has its challenges can be overwhelming and stressful. Individuals, families and couples can be effected by these issues . If you are feeling anxious, depressed or suffering from emotional or substance uses issues, experiencing family or relationship conflicts, let my 12 years of experience working with children, adults, families and couples, assist. My approach for families and couples, is exploring patterns in relationship dynamics, providing insight and improving communication . I have worked with adults and children to develop coping skills to manage emotional issues. Therapy is client centered, strength based and the goal is to empower and reach full potential.
(724) 216-6773 View (724) 216-6773
Photo of Joseph S Auria, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Joseph S Auria
Psychologist, MA, MBA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
I am a seasoned psychologist with significant experience counseling clients on career, addictions and family issues, in addition to depression, anxiety and general mental health problems. You can deal with issues of personal happiness and personal growth. We can create a dialogue about present situations and future plans.
I am a seasoned psychologist with significant experience counseling clients on career, addictions and family issues, in addition to depression, anxiety and general mental health problems. You can deal with issues of personal happiness and personal growth. We can create a dialogue about present situations and future plans.
(412) 228-0069 View (412) 228-0069
Photo of Michelle Wygant, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Michelle Wygant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
You might be someone grappling with grief, depression, or anxiety. I know you're seeking a therapist who specializes in these areas and truly comprehends your struggles. Your needs are specific, and your aim is to regain control and find emotional stability. I'm here to assist you in your journey towards a brighter, more balanced life.
You might be someone grappling with grief, depression, or anxiety. I know you're seeking a therapist who specializes in these areas and truly comprehends your struggles. Your needs are specific, and your aim is to regain control and find emotional stability. I'm here to assist you in your journey towards a brighter, more balanced life.
(724) 383-8607 View (724) 383-8607
Photo of Knight Psychological Services, LLC, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Knight Psychological Services, LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15241
Specializing in ADHD and Autism evaluations - Knight Psychological Services provides a range of services designed to address a variety of needs. This includes, but is not limited to, outpatient counseling, psychological testing, testing for giftedness and learning disabilities, and educational consultation. We diagnose and treat conditions such as Autism, anxiety, depression, grief, and ADHD. We strive to practice in a culturally competent manner and utilize a fundamentally compassionate approach. We feel that the client is an integral part of treatment and that individual needs and goals will drive the treatment process.
Specializing in ADHD and Autism evaluations - Knight Psychological Services provides a range of services designed to address a variety of needs. This includes, but is not limited to, outpatient counseling, psychological testing, testing for giftedness and learning disabilities, and educational consultation. We diagnose and treat conditions such as Autism, anxiety, depression, grief, and ADHD. We strive to practice in a culturally competent manner and utilize a fundamentally compassionate approach. We feel that the client is an integral part of treatment and that individual needs and goals will drive the treatment process.
(878) 313-2618 View (878) 313-2618
Photo of Michael Christiansen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Michael Christiansen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
I work with a variety of clients, ranging in age from 2 years old through late 20s and early 30s. My hope is that I can help individuals and families learn more effective ways to respond to challenges in their lives that may come from things such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, depression, anxiety, and adjusting to large changes. PCIT (Parent-Child Interaction Therapy), in particular, is an approach that I specialize in. PCIT is focused on helping caregivers learn effective ways to address problematic behavior from their children who are between the ages of 2 and 7.
I work with a variety of clients, ranging in age from 2 years old through late 20s and early 30s. My hope is that I can help individuals and families learn more effective ways to respond to challenges in their lives that may come from things such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, depression, anxiety, and adjusting to large changes. PCIT (Parent-Child Interaction Therapy), in particular, is an approach that I specialize in. PCIT is focused on helping caregivers learn effective ways to address problematic behavior from their children who are between the ages of 2 and 7.
(412) 891-6875 View (412) 891-6875
Photo of Emily Zeller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Emily Zeller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
You feel anxious, alone and you don't know what to do. If these are supposed to be the "best years of your life," why doesn't it feel like that? You know time is precious, but it feels like it is creeping slowly along and moving at lightning speed at the same time. As a wife and mom of 3 girls (2 being identical twins), I understand how easy it can be to lose yourself in motherhood. You need a safe space where you can work out all those thoughts and feelings that send you spiraling. You're not just a mom or a partner—you're a multifaceted individual with dreams, aspirations, and a story all your own.
You feel anxious, alone and you don't know what to do. If these are supposed to be the "best years of your life," why doesn't it feel like that? You know time is precious, but it feels like it is creeping slowly along and moving at lightning speed at the same time. As a wife and mom of 3 girls (2 being identical twins), I understand how easy it can be to lose yourself in motherhood. You need a safe space where you can work out all those thoughts and feelings that send you spiraling. You're not just a mom or a partner—you're a multifaceted individual with dreams, aspirations, and a story all your own.
(412) 501-9772 View (412) 501-9772
Photo of Haley Faragher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Haley Faragher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
You may have come across my bio as you are considering therapy. It can feel scary and out of our comfort zones to ask for help, but I commend you for doing so. I strive to make therapy a safe space where you feel supported to learn about yourself and grow/heal in any way you find necessary. I like to approach the counseling relationship from a warm, empathetic, non-judgmental, and understanding viewpoint. I understand that trauma impacts us all differently, thus I strive to keep things relaxed and I am mindful to operate through a trauma-informed lens as we all come from different walks of life with various life experiences.
You may have come across my bio as you are considering therapy. It can feel scary and out of our comfort zones to ask for help, but I commend you for doing so. I strive to make therapy a safe space where you feel supported to learn about yourself and grow/heal in any way you find necessary. I like to approach the counseling relationship from a warm, empathetic, non-judgmental, and understanding viewpoint. I understand that trauma impacts us all differently, thus I strive to keep things relaxed and I am mindful to operate through a trauma-informed lens as we all come from different walks of life with various life experiences.
(412) 819-1797 View (412) 819-1797
Photo of Leah Gatto, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Leah Gatto
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with anxiety, feeling lost in the complexities of teen or young adult life, or battling with depression? You’re not alone. I’m here to provide a safe space where you can explore your emotions and concerns. Together, we’ll navigate through the challenges you face, whether it’s managing anxiety, coping with the pressures of adolescence, or overcoming feelings of sadness. Your goal is to find relief and regain control of your life, and I’m committed to helping you achieve that. Let’s work together to create a path toward a brighter, more balanced future.
Are you struggling with anxiety, feeling lost in the complexities of teen or young adult life, or battling with depression? You’re not alone. I’m here to provide a safe space where you can explore your emotions and concerns. Together, we’ll navigate through the challenges you face, whether it’s managing anxiety, coping with the pressures of adolescence, or overcoming feelings of sadness. Your goal is to find relief and regain control of your life, and I’m committed to helping you achieve that. Let’s work together to create a path toward a brighter, more balanced future.
(412) 534-5806 View (412) 534-5806
Photo of R.E.A.L. Therapy , Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
R.E.A.L. Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, EMDR, CAADC, DNMS
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Terrance is passionate about the field of psychotherapy and helping people to recover and heal. The individuals that he sees tell him that they appreciate his humanistic based, nonjudgmental approach to therapy. He works with people from all cultures regardless of race, national origin or sexual orientations or legal backgrounds. Based on his observations and his own personal experiences, he is entirely convinced Everyone can heal from his or her past experiences and lead healthy, rewarding and exciting lives right here and now. You are invited to contact Terrance; he only desires to help you be your best self.
Terrance is passionate about the field of psychotherapy and helping people to recover and heal. The individuals that he sees tell him that they appreciate his humanistic based, nonjudgmental approach to therapy. He works with people from all cultures regardless of race, national origin or sexual orientations or legal backgrounds. Based on his observations and his own personal experiences, he is entirely convinced Everyone can heal from his or her past experiences and lead healthy, rewarding and exciting lives right here and now. You are invited to contact Terrance; he only desires to help you be your best self.
(412) 219-5955 View (412) 219-5955
Photo of Harmony Sullivan, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Harmony Sullivan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Not accepting new clients
I believe we are all capable of changing our lives to feel happier more of the time. Perhaps you are struggling with a big transition, such as the death of a loved one, getting married or divorced, having a child, changing careers, or coming out. Or maybe you just feel stuck and you're not sure why. New clients often say that they are frustrated because they would like to feel happier but can't seem to figure out how. Therapy helps people break out of the rut and find new ways to achieve contentment.
I believe we are all capable of changing our lives to feel happier more of the time. Perhaps you are struggling with a big transition, such as the death of a loved one, getting married or divorced, having a child, changing careers, or coming out. Or maybe you just feel stuck and you're not sure why. New clients often say that they are frustrated because they would like to feel happier but can't seem to figure out how. Therapy helps people break out of the rut and find new ways to achieve contentment.
(412) 685-4579 View (412) 685-4579
Photo of Tracey S. McCarthy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Tracey S. McCarthy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, BCC, LPC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
Happy 2024! New Year, New You? I propose New Year, Real You. It’s time to come out and enjoy the freedom of living authentically. I limit my practice to trans/non-binary folks. I help people to transition, accept themselves, navigate life's journey, and thrive. I give feedback and use my life experiences to connect with them— to view situations in new ways, clarify ideas, and invite them to try new things.
Happy 2024! New Year, New You? I propose New Year, Real You. It’s time to come out and enjoy the freedom of living authentically. I limit my practice to trans/non-binary folks. I help people to transition, accept themselves, navigate life's journey, and thrive. I give feedback and use my life experiences to connect with them— to view situations in new ways, clarify ideas, and invite them to try new things.
(724) 908-0060 View (724) 908-0060
Photo of Carol Moran, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Carol Moran
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15238  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I believe that, despite our differences, we all want the same thing in life....to be happy. We have our own definitions of what that means, but many common elements appear across the spectrum. I love being able to guide the process of discovery with my clients, to help identify where their attention is best spent. I believe we all have the innate wisdom to make sound decisions for ourselves but sometimes are too close to the situation to be able to trust our instincts. I see therapy as an opportunity to explore options, and ask new challenging questions.
I believe that, despite our differences, we all want the same thing in life....to be happy. We have our own definitions of what that means, but many common elements appear across the spectrum. I love being able to guide the process of discovery with my clients, to help identify where their attention is best spent. I believe we all have the innate wisdom to make sound decisions for ourselves but sometimes are too close to the situation to be able to trust our instincts. I see therapy as an opportunity to explore options, and ask new challenging questions.
(412) 453-4189 View (412) 453-4189
Photo of Heather Walker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Heather Walker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15212
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, I strive to collaborate with my clients to create an environment that offers the support and safety necessary to explore life’s complexity. It is my belief that in order to meaningfully move through the our challenges, we first must understand ourselves and how we got here. I work with individuals and couples dealing with a wide variety a challenges, including anxiety, depression, eating disorders, identity issues, difficult transitions, self-esteem, relationship issues, self-harm and substance abuse.
As a therapist, I strive to collaborate with my clients to create an environment that offers the support and safety necessary to explore life’s complexity. It is my belief that in order to meaningfully move through the our challenges, we first must understand ourselves and how we got here. I work with individuals and couples dealing with a wide variety a challenges, including anxiety, depression, eating disorders, identity issues, difficult transitions, self-esteem, relationship issues, self-harm and substance abuse.
(724) 862-4542 View (724) 862-4542
Photo of Rebekah Berna, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Rebekah Berna
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I am an Art Therapist (Registered - Board Certified), and Licensed Professional Counselor. I work toward internal and external hope, while also acknowledging the difficult realities and stressors that uniquely affect individuals and relationships. I use art therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, cognitive behavioral, and trauma-informed approaches to therapy. I recognize that healing and wholeness come as part of a process. I believe that healing is possible when the intrinsic motivation is there. If you are ready to take an honest look at yourself and and don't want to journey alone, I am willing to go there with you.
I am an Art Therapist (Registered - Board Certified), and Licensed Professional Counselor. I work toward internal and external hope, while also acknowledging the difficult realities and stressors that uniquely affect individuals and relationships. I use art therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, cognitive behavioral, and trauma-informed approaches to therapy. I recognize that healing and wholeness come as part of a process. I believe that healing is possible when the intrinsic motivation is there. If you are ready to take an honest look at yourself and and don't want to journey alone, I am willing to go there with you.
(878) 205-2113 View (878) 205-2113

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.