Therapists in Missoula, MT

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Photo of Mark Schuman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mark Schuman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59803
Not accepting new clients
I believe that therapy helps people learn new skills and uncover strengths that allow an individual or family to deal with challenges that arise in life. Therapy is not a quick fix but rather a tool to access inner and outer resources to deal with the ups and downs of life. My goal as a therapist is to help identify and process barriers, develop communication, relational, and coping skills to live functional and wholesome lives.
I believe that therapy helps people learn new skills and uncover strengths that allow an individual or family to deal with challenges that arise in life. Therapy is not a quick fix but rather a tool to access inner and outer resources to deal with the ups and downs of life. My goal as a therapist is to help identify and process barriers, develop communication, relational, and coping skills to live functional and wholesome lives.
(406) 344-1089 View (406) 344-1089
Photo of Michelle Nigh, Pre-Licensed Professional, PCLC
Michelle Nigh
Pre-Licensed Professional, PCLC
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59803
Currently Accepting New Clients. Is your world feeling overwhelming, stressful, heavy, dark? Maybe you're overthinking, checking, ruminating, or feeling stuck. Saturated in negativity or sadness. Unsure how to find your light, much less reignite it. It isn't easy being human! We all get frustrated, and it can be hard to know how to feel better, how to thrive, not just survive. We often forget how to nourish ourselves, our light, joy, and self-worth. Or maybe no one taught you. Therapy and learning new skills and ways to think and be, can be a catalyst to thriving.
Currently Accepting New Clients. Is your world feeling overwhelming, stressful, heavy, dark? Maybe you're overthinking, checking, ruminating, or feeling stuck. Saturated in negativity or sadness. Unsure how to find your light, much less reignite it. It isn't easy being human! We all get frustrated, and it can be hard to know how to feel better, how to thrive, not just survive. We often forget how to nourish ourselves, our light, joy, and self-worth. Or maybe no one taught you. Therapy and learning new skills and ways to think and be, can be a catalyst to thriving.
(406) 797-6304 View (406) 797-6304
Photo of Kael Fry, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Kael Fry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
I work with people in seasons of change who are exploring gender or sexuality, leaving old roles, or redefining what fulfillment means. Many come to therapy with anxiety, depression, or relationship strain during these transitions. They may feel torn between safety and growth, which is an experience I understand firsthand as a member of the LGBTQ+ community. My role is to offer a grounded, compassionate space to see old patterns clearly and build the courage to live more fully.
I work with people in seasons of change who are exploring gender or sexuality, leaving old roles, or redefining what fulfillment means. Many come to therapy with anxiety, depression, or relationship strain during these transitions. They may feel torn between safety and growth, which is an experience I understand firsthand as a member of the LGBTQ+ community. My role is to offer a grounded, compassionate space to see old patterns clearly and build the courage to live more fully.
(406) 629-1814 View (406) 629-1814
Photo of Olivia Hockenbroch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SWLC, MSW, MA
Olivia Hockenbroch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SWLC, MSW, MA
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
You’re intelligent, analytical, and capable — but your nervous system runs intense. You may be autistic or neurodivergent, navigating burnout, PMDD, or cycle-related crashes that disrupt your work, relationships, or sense of self. You don’t feel broken, but you may feel stuck — insight isn’t translating into sustainable change. You’re tired of coping and ready to build real capacity. You want steadiness, clarity, and a therapist who respects your intelligence and helps you participate fully in your life, not just manage it.
You’re intelligent, analytical, and capable — but your nervous system runs intense. You may be autistic or neurodivergent, navigating burnout, PMDD, or cycle-related crashes that disrupt your work, relationships, or sense of self. You don’t feel broken, but you may feel stuck — insight isn’t translating into sustainable change. You’re tired of coping and ready to build real capacity. You want steadiness, clarity, and a therapist who respects your intelligence and helps you participate fully in your life, not just manage it.
(406) 905-0633 View (406) 905-0633
Photo of Emma Mittelstadt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Emma Mittelstadt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59803
You are deserving of the time and space required to heal and grow. You may find yourself surviving rather than living at times; mindlessly wandering day-to-day questioning your purpose and wondering where your passion has gone. Whether it's due to a major life adjustment, depression, anxiety, grief, or simply feeling stuck, if you are navigating a difficult moment or recent challenge, know you can expect a safe, confidential environment to explore current thoughts and emotions. Together we can work toward finding your path to healing and renewal.
You are deserving of the time and space required to heal and grow. You may find yourself surviving rather than living at times; mindlessly wandering day-to-day questioning your purpose and wondering where your passion has gone. Whether it's due to a major life adjustment, depression, anxiety, grief, or simply feeling stuck, if you are navigating a difficult moment or recent challenge, know you can expect a safe, confidential environment to explore current thoughts and emotions. Together we can work toward finding your path to healing and renewal.
(406) 743-3303 View (406) 743-3303
Photo of Kevin Maher, Counselor, LCPC
Kevin Maher
Counselor, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
Waitlist for new clients
Sometimes we get stuck in patterns that don't reflect who we truly are. In therapy, I help individuals make sense of what's happening beneath the surface—how past experiences, unmet needs, or early relationships may still shape how you feel, act, and connect today. I have a special interest in helping men and young adults, neurodivergent clients, and people navigating intimacy, self-esteem, anger, or relational conflict. Our work will be collaborative and curious, helping you move toward greater self-understanding and emotional freedom.
Sometimes we get stuck in patterns that don't reflect who we truly are. In therapy, I help individuals make sense of what's happening beneath the surface—how past experiences, unmet needs, or early relationships may still shape how you feel, act, and connect today. I have a special interest in helping men and young adults, neurodivergent clients, and people navigating intimacy, self-esteem, anger, or relational conflict. Our work will be collaborative and curious, helping you move toward greater self-understanding and emotional freedom.
(406) 729-6016 View (406) 729-6016
Photo of Dylan Rincker - Dylan Rincker Counseling Services, PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LAC
Dylan Rincker Counseling Services, PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LAC
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
Dylan Rincker Counseling Services provides mental health and substance use counseling. For the past 20 years I have worked with adolescents, adults, and families to address mental health and substance use issues faced by so many in our Missoula community. I use an integrated approach to therapy which really means we work together to set goals and stay flexible in our efforts to achieve them.
Dylan Rincker Counseling Services provides mental health and substance use counseling. For the past 20 years I have worked with adolescents, adults, and families to address mental health and substance use issues faced by so many in our Missoula community. I use an integrated approach to therapy which really means we work together to set goals and stay flexible in our efforts to achieve them.
(406) 426-5129 View (406) 426-5129
Photo of Emily Hansen, Counselor, LCPC, LAC
Emily Hansen
Counselor, LCPC, LAC
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
Not accepting new clients
Seeking support is not always easy and I'm happy you're considering talking with a counselor. My job is to provide you opportunities to safely explore the elements of your life that are getting in your way and support you while you develop skills and strengths to improve your wellbeing. You have unique needs and experiences and I will orient my work to you accordingly to create a counseling experience that is helpful and productive.
Seeking support is not always easy and I'm happy you're considering talking with a counselor. My job is to provide you opportunities to safely explore the elements of your life that are getting in your way and support you while you develop skills and strengths to improve your wellbeing. You have unique needs and experiences and I will orient my work to you accordingly to create a counseling experience that is helpful and productive.
(406) 623-5525 View (406) 623-5525
Photo of Patrick Marsolek, CHT
Patrick Marsolek
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801
I've been in private practice since 1999 and have worked primarily in Helena, Great Falls and Missoula. I have worked with thousands of people, helping them make positive, empowering changes in their lives. I offer a welcoming relaxed environment for helping individuals find new resources for self care, and rediscover their own inner strengths. I practice a client-centered, non-directive style of hypnotherapy that easily integrates with a clients own practices of meditation, prayer, self-reflection or mindfulness practice. I currently have an office in Missoula and am also available for telephone sessions.
I've been in private practice since 1999 and have worked primarily in Helena, Great Falls and Missoula. I have worked with thousands of people, helping them make positive, empowering changes in their lives. I offer a welcoming relaxed environment for helping individuals find new resources for self care, and rediscover their own inner strengths. I practice a client-centered, non-directive style of hypnotherapy that easily integrates with a clients own practices of meditation, prayer, self-reflection or mindfulness practice. I currently have an office in Missoula and am also available for telephone sessions.
(406) 206-3954 View (406) 206-3954
Photo of Ellen Claire Yoshimura, Psychologist, PhD
Ellen Claire Yoshimura
Psychologist, PhD
Missoula, MT 59801
I believe that we're all works in progress, having found this to be true of clients struggling with life changes to clients with the most complicated of problems--even young gang members, in whom I've had the privilege of seeing humanity and goodness. The role of therapist, for me, is one of empowering, bearing witness to life's bewilderment and suffering, and jointly creating a peace of mind and resilience, sometimes in the face of unresolved problems, while honoring one's own truth and rewriting our narratives in a way that makes sense to us as we make meaning to our lives.
I believe that we're all works in progress, having found this to be true of clients struggling with life changes to clients with the most complicated of problems--even young gang members, in whom I've had the privilege of seeing humanity and goodness. The role of therapist, for me, is one of empowering, bearing witness to life's bewilderment and suffering, and jointly creating a peace of mind and resilience, sometimes in the face of unresolved problems, while honoring one's own truth and rewriting our narratives in a way that makes sense to us as we make meaning to our lives.
(406) 645-5528 View (406) 645-5528
Photo of Madison Powers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Madison Powers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
If you’re looking for a therapist who gets it, who’s warm, real, and challenges you when growth calls for it — I’m currently welcoming new clients. I’m Madison, and it’s my passion to help people unlock their inner strength and create the life they deserve. Starting therapy or returning to therapy can feel daunting, but I’m here to create a safe, non-judgmental place where you can truly be yourself. Together, we’ll work through obstacles in your way and build a solid foundation for personal growth and lasting change.
If you’re looking for a therapist who gets it, who’s warm, real, and challenges you when growth calls for it — I’m currently welcoming new clients. I’m Madison, and it’s my passion to help people unlock their inner strength and create the life they deserve. Starting therapy or returning to therapy can feel daunting, but I’m here to create a safe, non-judgmental place where you can truly be yourself. Together, we’ll work through obstacles in your way and build a solid foundation for personal growth and lasting change.
(406) 692-3028 View (406) 692-3028
Katherine Florez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LMFT
Missoula, MT 59801
I have 20+ years of experience working with children & their families, individuals of all ages, & couples. Have worked in a psychiatric hospital, residential treatment facility, mental health center and now in private practice. Accustomed with working with multidisciplinary teams of psychiatric, legal, medical & others. I can be of help if you are having troubles with communicating your thoughts and feelings with your love ones, or getting alongs with others. I am trained in providing psychotherapy for issues of trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, ADHD, child behavioral issues, family conflicts, & restructuring of families.
I have 20+ years of experience working with children & their families, individuals of all ages, & couples. Have worked in a psychiatric hospital, residential treatment facility, mental health center and now in private practice. Accustomed with working with multidisciplinary teams of psychiatric, legal, medical & others. I can be of help if you are having troubles with communicating your thoughts and feelings with your love ones, or getting alongs with others. I am trained in providing psychotherapy for issues of trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, ADHD, child behavioral issues, family conflicts, & restructuring of families.
(406) 780-8257 View (406) 780-8257
Photo of Tessa Heuermann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tessa Heuermann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Missoula, MT 59803
Being human is hard. You try to do your best, but it seems you can’t make the progress you want. You might feel stuck or hopeless. Negative thoughts and difficult emotions can be overwhelming and they can steal your joy and motivation. Whether you are experiencing loss, relationship struggles, excessive worry, or despair, the pain can be immobilizing. But it's entirely true that wellness and growth are possible for you. Together, we can help you unhook from negative thoughts and connect with what is meaningful to you.
Being human is hard. You try to do your best, but it seems you can’t make the progress you want. You might feel stuck or hopeless. Negative thoughts and difficult emotions can be overwhelming and they can steal your joy and motivation. Whether you are experiencing loss, relationship struggles, excessive worry, or despair, the pain can be immobilizing. But it's entirely true that wellness and growth are possible for you. Together, we can help you unhook from negative thoughts and connect with what is meaningful to you.
(406) 319-3444 View (406) 319-3444
Photo of Brooklyn Robertson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
Brooklyn Robertson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
Life Transitions, Stress, Coping Skills, Self-Esteem, Relationship Issues, Grief, Behavioral Issues, Family Conflict, Mood Disorders, Peer Relationships
Life Transitions, Stress, Coping Skills, Self-Esteem, Relationship Issues, Grief, Behavioral Issues, Family Conflict, Mood Disorders, Peer Relationships
(406) 660-6287 View (406) 660-6287
Photo of Jennifer Carlson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSEd, SEP
Jennifer Carlson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSEd, SEP
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
Hello. I seek to provide individuals and couples with an engaging and collaborative process. Aspiring to be curious and supportive as you identify & explore uncomfortable feelings, discordant self-beliefs, or painful relational dynamics that are keeping you from having more meaningful, enlivened, and loving connections to yourself and others. Navigating together, we will address areas, that may include love, family dynamics, internal conflict, issues of health, work, friendship, school, trauma, addiction, & loss. With couples' areas of exploration sex/intimacy, premarital counselling, financial issues, betrayal & fertility.
Hello. I seek to provide individuals and couples with an engaging and collaborative process. Aspiring to be curious and supportive as you identify & explore uncomfortable feelings, discordant self-beliefs, or painful relational dynamics that are keeping you from having more meaningful, enlivened, and loving connections to yourself and others. Navigating together, we will address areas, that may include love, family dynamics, internal conflict, issues of health, work, friendship, school, trauma, addiction, & loss. With couples' areas of exploration sex/intimacy, premarital counselling, financial issues, betrayal & fertility.
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Photo of Kerry N Herndon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
Kerry N Herndon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
I offer a strengths-based practice aimed at providing care to adolescents, adults and first responders in the scope of addiction, trauma, disordered eating, behavioral health, reproductive health/infertility & life transitions. I utilized a mixed approach to therapy centered around self-compassion, motivational enhancement, cognitive behavioral therapy, communication skills, and mind/body connection. Other methodology is applied as appropriate. My goal is to meet Client's where they are in their therapeutic process, encourage them to be an active participant in their own care and provide usable skills to be used outside of therapy.
I offer a strengths-based practice aimed at providing care to adolescents, adults and first responders in the scope of addiction, trauma, disordered eating, behavioral health, reproductive health/infertility & life transitions. I utilized a mixed approach to therapy centered around self-compassion, motivational enhancement, cognitive behavioral therapy, communication skills, and mind/body connection. Other methodology is applied as appropriate. My goal is to meet Client's where they are in their therapeutic process, encourage them to be an active participant in their own care and provide usable skills to be used outside of therapy.
(406) 662-0679 View (406) 662-0679
Photo of Ellie Strange, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ellie Strange
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
I want you to know that therapy does not have to feel cold and forced. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences at a pace that feels comfortable for you. I strive to create a warm and collaborative environment where you can feel safe to express yourself fully and discover new perspectives. Whether you’re seeking to overcome challenges, build healthier relationships, or work towards personal improvement, I’m here to help you feel empowered and motivated to take the steps toward the life you want to lead.
I want you to know that therapy does not have to feel cold and forced. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences at a pace that feels comfortable for you. I strive to create a warm and collaborative environment where you can feel safe to express yourself fully and discover new perspectives. Whether you’re seeking to overcome challenges, build healthier relationships, or work towards personal improvement, I’m here to help you feel empowered and motivated to take the steps toward the life you want to lead.
(406) 962-0329 View (406) 962-0329
Photo of Paige Furniss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Paige Furniss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
I am called right now to work with people, not on finding ways of coping with something that is "wrong" with them, but on building reverence in day-to-day life, connecting to micro moments of joy, building solid foundations for well-being, and finding flow within the rhythm of the microcosm and macrocosm; practices which lead to less suffering. I weave together modern knowledge about healthy living with old ways of knowing rooted in interconnectedness, nature, & ritual. Our focus will be on the here and now, creating actionable steps that bring you closer to yourself, anchored by the cyclical nature of life.
I am called right now to work with people, not on finding ways of coping with something that is "wrong" with them, but on building reverence in day-to-day life, connecting to micro moments of joy, building solid foundations for well-being, and finding flow within the rhythm of the microcosm and macrocosm; practices which lead to less suffering. I weave together modern knowledge about healthy living with old ways of knowing rooted in interconnectedness, nature, & ritual. Our focus will be on the here and now, creating actionable steps that bring you closer to yourself, anchored by the cyclical nature of life.
(406) 642-0928 View (406) 642-0928
Photo of Nina Cecilia Kahm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Nina Cecilia Kahm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
Experiencing any form of emotional or physical distress can disrupt your life in many ways and is often overwhelming and even isolating. Seeking support does not indicate a weakness, rather a desire to establish new and different ways of viewing, coping with or managing your concerns. My goal is to assist your healing process by providing individually tailored supports and strategies to improve your relationship with yourself and others. Through cognitive, somatic and mindfulness based approaches, we can work together to address your fears, discover your strengths and reach a place of greater self-awareness and acceptance.
Experiencing any form of emotional or physical distress can disrupt your life in many ways and is often overwhelming and even isolating. Seeking support does not indicate a weakness, rather a desire to establish new and different ways of viewing, coping with or managing your concerns. My goal is to assist your healing process by providing individually tailored supports and strategies to improve your relationship with yourself and others. Through cognitive, somatic and mindfulness based approaches, we can work together to address your fears, discover your strengths and reach a place of greater self-awareness and acceptance.
(406) 316-3738 View (406) 316-3738
Photo of Autumn Berry - Center For Positive Change, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, LCPC
Center For Positive Change, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, LCPC
Missoula, MT 59801
Founded by Psychologist, Dr. Tim Berry in 1995, The Center For Positive Change operates from the perspective that psychotherapy is an active process resulting in clarity and change. It can help you identify ineffective patterns of thinking and behavior, which may create: stress, emotional problems, stress related medical problems, addiction problems, and/or relationship problems. Although the work can be difficult, it is profoundly rewarding and life changing.
Founded by Psychologist, Dr. Tim Berry in 1995, The Center For Positive Change operates from the perspective that psychotherapy is an active process resulting in clarity and change. It can help you identify ineffective patterns of thinking and behavior, which may create: stress, emotional problems, stress related medical problems, addiction problems, and/or relationship problems. Although the work can be difficult, it is profoundly rewarding and life changing.
(406) 988-7391 View (406) 988-7391

See more therapy options for Missoula

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Missoula, MT

600+

Average cost per session

$168

Therapists in Missoula, MT who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
83% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
77% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
66% Stress
61% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% PacificSource
79% Allegiance

How Therapists in Missoula, MT see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Missoula?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.