Depression Therapists in Belgrade, MT

Photo of Aranda Psychotherapy, PLLC, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Aranda Psychotherapy, PLLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
I work with clients that are struggling with various issues. I have experience working with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, interpersonal issues, anger episodes, and various other presentations. I also offer supervision for interns and pre-licensed professsionals.
I work with clients that are struggling with various issues. I have experience working with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, interpersonal issues, anger episodes, and various other presentations. I also offer supervision for interns and pre-licensed professsionals.
(406) 730-7962 View (406) 730-7962
Photo of nCenter Counseling & Neurofeedback, Counselor in Belgrade, MT
nCenter Counseling & Neurofeedback
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Belgrade, MT 59714
We see children, adolescents, adults, parents and couples, with issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, parenting, relationships, behavior, substance abuse and attention.
If talk therapy has not been 100% effective and you are seeking a holistic approach that includes healing of your mind, brain, and body, the nCenter might be what you are looking for. Our team of dedicated professionals works to integrate counseling, neurofeedback, and nutritional counseling along with qEEG brain maps and psychological assessments so that our clients can experience healing at all levels. We also have a PA who is able to provide medication management. The nCenter is committed to the highest standards of excellence, and we work to consider both your financial needs and your personal preferences about our services.
We see children, adolescents, adults, parents and couples, with issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, parenting, relationships, behavior, substance abuse and attention.
If talk therapy has not been 100% effective and you are seeking a holistic approach that includes healing of your mind, brain, and body, the nCenter might be what you are looking for. Our team of dedicated professionals works to integrate counseling, neurofeedback, and nutritional counseling along with qEEG brain maps and psychological assessments so that our clients can experience healing at all levels. We also have a PA who is able to provide medication management. The nCenter is committed to the highest standards of excellence, and we work to consider both your financial needs and your personal preferences about our services.
(406) 219-1519 View (406) 219-1519
Photo of Ryan Michael Schwartzmeyer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Ryan Michael Schwartzmeyer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
I work with people who have trouble regulating emotion. I am skilled in several different types of therapy, however, I have a significant amount of advanced training in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Gottman Method couples therapy. I tend to work with people who are experiencing depression, suicidal ideation, self harming behavior, trauma and anxiety. I focus on providing Autism assessments, ADHD assessment and treatment, clinical supervision and marathon therapy. I'm based in LSL now and offer telehealth for people located in Montana. Now enrolling new members for adult and teen DBT groups starting in June!
I work with people who have trouble regulating emotion. I am skilled in several different types of therapy, however, I have a significant amount of advanced training in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Gottman Method couples therapy. I tend to work with people who are experiencing depression, suicidal ideation, self harming behavior, trauma and anxiety. I focus on providing Autism assessments, ADHD assessment and treatment, clinical supervision and marathon therapy. I'm based in LSL now and offer telehealth for people located in Montana. Now enrolling new members for adult and teen DBT groups starting in June!
(314) 648-8007 View (314) 648-8007
Photo of Amber Kemp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Belgrade, MT
Amber Kemp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Belgrade, MT 59714
If you're having difficulty with anxiety, depression, post partum difficulties such as anxiety and depression. I'm here to help. I focus on a strengths based approach to help my clients focus on the strengths they already have and build on them in order to become the best version of themselves. I focus on meeting each client where they are and strive to always make your priorities of counseling, the forefront of all of our forward momentum.
If you're having difficulty with anxiety, depression, post partum difficulties such as anxiety and depression. I'm here to help. I focus on a strengths based approach to help my clients focus on the strengths they already have and build on them in order to become the best version of themselves. I focus on meeting each client where they are and strive to always make your priorities of counseling, the forefront of all of our forward momentum.
(406) 282-8565 View (406) 282-8565
Photo of John D Wimberly, Psychologist in Belgrade, MT
John D Wimberly
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belgrade, MT 59714
I have been practicing psychotherapy for over 28 years. My experience allows me to work in deeper ways that help my clients to make meaningful and often dramatic changes in the way that they feel about themselves. These internal changes often lead to exciting and fulfilling external changes (i.e. relationships, increased meaningfulness in one's life, aliveness). When clients have feelings of depression, anxiety, stress, overwhelm, or lack of connection - I work with them in ways that help them to uncover and heal the parts of themselves that may have them stuck. My clients often report that our work is unlike previous therapy.
I have been practicing psychotherapy for over 28 years. My experience allows me to work in deeper ways that help my clients to make meaningful and often dramatic changes in the way that they feel about themselves. These internal changes often lead to exciting and fulfilling external changes (i.e. relationships, increased meaningfulness in one's life, aliveness). When clients have feelings of depression, anxiety, stress, overwhelm, or lack of connection - I work with them in ways that help them to uncover and heal the parts of themselves that may have them stuck. My clients often report that our work is unlike previous therapy.
(406) 204-4085 View (406) 204-4085
Photo of Mike Hetherington, Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Mike Hetherington
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
Experienced in relationship issues, attachment, trauma, anxiety, self-esteem, self-harm, grief, depression, digital obsession, pornography addiction, school issues.
If you, an adolescent child or an adult family member is frustrated, hurting, fearful, discouraged or just at wits end, I bring respect, curiosity and a healing approach to help you. Together we will find ways to cope with and overcome the stresses, pains, obstacles and trauma of life. Your peace of mind is worth it. From personal pain, relationships, addiction and motivation to work-related issues, my approach to your needs focuses on your experiences, strengths and goals. My therapeutic approach is compassionate, collaborative, positive and direct. We can explore your needs & goals during an initial no-charge consultation session.
Experienced in relationship issues, attachment, trauma, anxiety, self-esteem, self-harm, grief, depression, digital obsession, pornography addiction, school issues.
If you, an adolescent child or an adult family member is frustrated, hurting, fearful, discouraged or just at wits end, I bring respect, curiosity and a healing approach to help you. Together we will find ways to cope with and overcome the stresses, pains, obstacles and trauma of life. Your peace of mind is worth it. From personal pain, relationships, addiction and motivation to work-related issues, my approach to your needs focuses on your experiences, strengths and goals. My therapeutic approach is compassionate, collaborative, positive and direct. We can explore your needs & goals during an initial no-charge consultation session.
(406) 415-7151 View (406) 415-7151
Photo of Gina Temple, Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Gina Temple
Counselor, MS Ed, CRC , LCPC
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
*Taking new clients*Offering Telehealth. I have 30 years of experience in the field of counseling. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, couples, and families who are seeking compassionate support with anxiety, depression or a challenging transition or experience. I create a space to foster positive growth and strengthen overall quality of life through personal awareness. I believe that each individual has unique gifts and strengths within them, and when given the support and guidance through the counseling process, great progress can be made. My approach is Eclectic in nature, as I use techniques from all schools of therapy.
*Taking new clients*Offering Telehealth. I have 30 years of experience in the field of counseling. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, couples, and families who are seeking compassionate support with anxiety, depression or a challenging transition or experience. I create a space to foster positive growth and strengthen overall quality of life through personal awareness. I believe that each individual has unique gifts and strengths within them, and when given the support and guidance through the counseling process, great progress can be made. My approach is Eclectic in nature, as I use techniques from all schools of therapy.
(207) 994-8568 View (207) 994-8568
Erin M Cravens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
I specialize in the treatment of trauma and related issues including, depression, adjustment disorders, difficulties with emotional regulation, stress management, and self-esteem.
It can be empowering to have an active role in the therapy process. I believe in a collaborative partnership with my clients where I provide support and the tools to help make lasting changes. I believe every person has the right to their own self-determination, to make their own choices and manage their own life. I utilize evidence-based theories such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Process to guide my work and influence the interventions used throughout each session. My goal as your therapist is to help you navigate difficulties while supporting you in utilizing and recognizing your own strengths and resilience.
I specialize in the treatment of trauma and related issues including, depression, adjustment disorders, difficulties with emotional regulation, stress management, and self-esteem.
It can be empowering to have an active role in the therapy process. I believe in a collaborative partnership with my clients where I provide support and the tools to help make lasting changes. I believe every person has the right to their own self-determination, to make their own choices and manage their own life. I utilize evidence-based theories such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Process to guide my work and influence the interventions used throughout each session. My goal as your therapist is to help you navigate difficulties while supporting you in utilizing and recognizing your own strengths and resilience.
(406) 296-5371 View (406) 296-5371
Photo of Becky Johnston, Pre-Licensed Professional in Belgrade, MT
Becky Johnston
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel overwhelmed by waves of anxiety, alone in your depression, or worried about the future? You want things to change but don’t know where to start or if change is even possible. Whatever your reason for seeking support, I am committed to providing a judgment-free environment where you can explore experiences, gain insight, and strengthen emotional regulation. Your safety, trust, and comfort are top priorities.
Do you feel overwhelmed by waves of anxiety, alone in your depression, or worried about the future? You want things to change but don’t know where to start or if change is even possible. Whatever your reason for seeking support, I am committed to providing a judgment-free environment where you can explore experiences, gain insight, and strengthen emotional regulation. Your safety, trust, and comfort are top priorities.
(406) 629-1309 View (406) 629-1309
Photo of Meredith Hood, Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Meredith Hood
Counselor, EdD, LCPC
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
I am an empathetic and warm psychotherapist that aims to help clients find more satisfaction, meaning, and self-efficacy in their lives. I work with adolescents and adults with a wide array of issues including depression, anxiety, life transitions, identity formation, trauma, and grief. I also work with couples. I help people work through difficult feelings and build skills to improve their lives. I offer support that can facilitate greater insight and foster a sense of stability, security, and growth.
I am an empathetic and warm psychotherapist that aims to help clients find more satisfaction, meaning, and self-efficacy in their lives. I work with adolescents and adults with a wide array of issues including depression, anxiety, life transitions, identity formation, trauma, and grief. I also work with couples. I help people work through difficult feelings and build skills to improve their lives. I offer support that can facilitate greater insight and foster a sense of stability, security, and growth.
(406) 412-7670 View (406) 412-7670
Photo of Joanna Wright, Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Joanna Wright
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Belgrade, MT 59714
Starting counseling can be likened to setting off into the woods, unsure where the path leads but hoping to find clarity in the journey. The right counselor can help you navigate the brambles and find the path again when you lose your way. I enjoy working with adults and young adults who are struggling on their path, whether from depression, trauma, loneliness, or simply the weight of life. I specialize in helping folks who are self-critical or perfectionistic find freedom from their harsh inner voices. One of the hardest things to do in our society is care for ourselves, but I truly believe we can get there together.
Starting counseling can be likened to setting off into the woods, unsure where the path leads but hoping to find clarity in the journey. The right counselor can help you navigate the brambles and find the path again when you lose your way. I enjoy working with adults and young adults who are struggling on their path, whether from depression, trauma, loneliness, or simply the weight of life. I specialize in helping folks who are self-critical or perfectionistic find freedom from their harsh inner voices. One of the hardest things to do in our society is care for ourselves, but I truly believe we can get there together.
(406) 282-8285 View (406) 282-8285
Photo of Becca Martinez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Becca Martinez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belgrade, MT 59714
Waitlist for new clients
As a counselor, my mission is to promote growth and development for my clients. It is important that my clients understand the true meaning of resiliency and believe in their abilities. I currently work with children, adolescents and adults who are struggling to manage difficult emotions due to anxiety, depression and life stressors/transitions.
As a counselor, my mission is to promote growth and development for my clients. It is important that my clients understand the true meaning of resiliency and believe in their abilities. I currently work with children, adolescents and adults who are struggling to manage difficult emotions due to anxiety, depression and life stressors/transitions.
(406) 642-8457 View (406) 642-8457
Photo of Tia Utzinger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Belgrade, MT
Tia Utzinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Bozeman, Montana. My focus is on treating adults struggling with issues such as trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief, divorce, and OCD. Pulling from multiple modalities, I use evidenced based practices to assist individuals in achieving their goals and learning ways to cope with life's challenges. I have additional training in EMDR and trauma focused treatment.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Bozeman, Montana. My focus is on treating adults struggling with issues such as trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief, divorce, and OCD. Pulling from multiple modalities, I use evidenced based practices to assist individuals in achieving their goals and learning ways to cope with life's challenges. I have additional training in EMDR and trauma focused treatment.
(406) 345-6502 View (406) 345-6502
Photo of Michael Nolt, Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Michael Nolt
Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Belgrade, MT 59714
Waitlist for new clients
I once heard it said that "Mental health problems need to be viewed as proof of our humanity, not an exception to it." Such problems in today's world often present themselves as anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, isolation, stagnation, trauma, relationship strain, etc. and can leave people feeling like they are merely existing rather than living. Does this sound familiar to you? If it does, then a counselor like myself may be able to help you through it.
I once heard it said that "Mental health problems need to be viewed as proof of our humanity, not an exception to it." Such problems in today's world often present themselves as anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, isolation, stagnation, trauma, relationship strain, etc. and can leave people feeling like they are merely existing rather than living. Does this sound familiar to you? If it does, then a counselor like myself may be able to help you through it.
(406) 296-4774 View (406) 296-4774
Photo of Justin Yavorski, Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Justin Yavorski
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belgrade, MT 59714
I work with adults of differing backgrounds dealing with depression, anxiety, life transitions, and more.
I view therapy as a caring for the whole psyche. Working in a deep and supportive manner helps reveal unconscious patterns and aspects of ourselves giving space for new possibilities to emerge. Working through a Psycho-dynamic yet integrative approach I weave Jungian psychology, somatic awareness, trauma work, and dream work together to reduce the pain from past or ongoing traumas while encouraging self-expression and meaning-making. My approach is for those who are looking for tools to constructively solve life's challenges and strive to connect with the wise and creative aspects of their psyche.
I work with adults of differing backgrounds dealing with depression, anxiety, life transitions, and more.
I view therapy as a caring for the whole psyche. Working in a deep and supportive manner helps reveal unconscious patterns and aspects of ourselves giving space for new possibilities to emerge. Working through a Psycho-dynamic yet integrative approach I weave Jungian psychology, somatic awareness, trauma work, and dream work together to reduce the pain from past or ongoing traumas while encouraging self-expression and meaning-making. My approach is for those who are looking for tools to constructively solve life's challenges and strive to connect with the wise and creative aspects of their psyche.
(406) 272-6076 View (406) 272-6076
Photo of Jamie Lingenfelter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Belgrade, MT
Jamie Lingenfelter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SWLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belgrade, MT 59714
We were all teenagers once, and can often recall struggles, such as bullying, depression, anxiety, and fears during adolescence. Many of my clients struggle with the daily challenges of being a young person in this world. I know that the parents also struggle and I provide support for the children, and families. I also see adults and I'm happy to provide trauma based therapy to anyone aged 12 and up. My passion is to help others to grow and change in a way that complements the type of life that they want to live, rather than what they are currently struggling with. I would be delighted to be a part of your counseling journey.
We were all teenagers once, and can often recall struggles, such as bullying, depression, anxiety, and fears during adolescence. Many of my clients struggle with the daily challenges of being a young person in this world. I know that the parents also struggle and I provide support for the children, and families. I also see adults and I'm happy to provide trauma based therapy to anyone aged 12 and up. My passion is to help others to grow and change in a way that complements the type of life that they want to live, rather than what they are currently struggling with. I would be delighted to be a part of your counseling journey.
(406) 540-6975 View (406) 540-6975
Photo of Jodie L Sipes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Belgrade, MT
Jodie L Sipes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
Waitlist for new clients
Jodie uses a person-centered approach and believes her work is a collaborative effort. She focuses on encouraging hope and fostering resilience while working to help others overcome adversity. Her knowledge in Cognitive Behavior Therapy have helped others work through issues such as anxiety and depression. She is able to bring clarity to complicated matters and can help you build the skills you need. She will help you confront yourself with grace and increase your interpersonal skills that will help you improve your important relationships.
Jodie uses a person-centered approach and believes her work is a collaborative effort. She focuses on encouraging hope and fostering resilience while working to help others overcome adversity. Her knowledge in Cognitive Behavior Therapy have helped others work through issues such as anxiety and depression. She is able to bring clarity to complicated matters and can help you build the skills you need. She will help you confront yourself with grace and increase your interpersonal skills that will help you improve your important relationships.
(406) 324-7771 View (406) 324-7771
Photo of Meredith Leavens Ries, Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Meredith Leavens Ries
Counselor, MEd, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Belgrade, MT 59714
Guided by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which has been proven effective for addressing Depression, Anxiety, personal/professional relationship conflicts & stress, as well as life adjustments.
I am accepting new clients. I offer compassionate, down-to-earth counseling in which I strive to build a collaborative therapeutic relationship. My practice specialty continues to be supporting individuals with life adjustments, stress, relational/communication challenges, anxiety, repairing self and/or relationships, and self-esteem issues. (I also specialize helping women end binge and emotional eating as a certified nutrition coach and emotional eating coach in my 6 month coaching program, visit my website for more info on this specifically)
Guided by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which has been proven effective for addressing Depression, Anxiety, personal/professional relationship conflicts & stress, as well as life adjustments.
I am accepting new clients. I offer compassionate, down-to-earth counseling in which I strive to build a collaborative therapeutic relationship. My practice specialty continues to be supporting individuals with life adjustments, stress, relational/communication challenges, anxiety, repairing self and/or relationships, and self-esteem issues. (I also specialize helping women end binge and emotional eating as a certified nutrition coach and emotional eating coach in my 6 month coaching program, visit my website for more info on this specifically)
(406) 534-0714 View (406) 534-0714
Photo of Nicole Frost Family Counseling LLC, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Nicole Frost Family Counseling LLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
We all need to feel heard, valued and respected. But, what happens when our own stress level or that of our children becomes more than we can manage? When ideal communication goes out the window, and we feel frustrated and at a loss? I work therapeutically with you and your child to discover the reasons behind your child's behavior and teach you the skills necessary to restore balance. Whether you or your child are experiencing the effects of divorce, depression, anxiety, oppositional acting out or ADHD, I can help by identifying the cause and offering solutions.
We all need to feel heard, valued and respected. But, what happens when our own stress level or that of our children becomes more than we can manage? When ideal communication goes out the window, and we feel frustrated and at a loss? I work therapeutically with you and your child to discover the reasons behind your child's behavior and teach you the skills necessary to restore balance. Whether you or your child are experiencing the effects of divorce, depression, anxiety, oppositional acting out or ADHD, I can help by identifying the cause and offering solutions.
(406) 873-8819 View (406) 873-8819
Photo of Alison Joy Cole, Counselor in Belgrade, MT
Alison Joy Cole
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Belgrade, MT 59714
My specialties include complexities related to trauma and addiction, anxiety and depression therapy, behavioral adjustment, relationship counseling, and eating disorders.
My approach to psychotherapy is based upon an individualized approach to counseling which emphasizes the inherent value and beauty found in every individual. I am passionate about assisting my clients in obtaining insights and developing skills to improve not only their individual, interior self, but also their relationships with others. I specialize in trauma. I advocate a collaborative approach to treatment which places my clients and their goals above any other considerations as we work together towards personal betterment. I am certified in EMDR, as well as trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Somatic Experiencing®.
My specialties include complexities related to trauma and addiction, anxiety and depression therapy, behavioral adjustment, relationship counseling, and eating disorders.
My approach to psychotherapy is based upon an individualized approach to counseling which emphasizes the inherent value and beauty found in every individual. I am passionate about assisting my clients in obtaining insights and developing skills to improve not only their individual, interior self, but also their relationships with others. I specialize in trauma. I advocate a collaborative approach to treatment which places my clients and their goals above any other considerations as we work together towards personal betterment. I am certified in EMDR, as well as trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Somatic Experiencing®.
(406) 961-7474 View (406) 961-7474

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Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.