Therapists in Anaconda, MT

Photo of Lindsey King, Psychologist, PsyD
Lindsey King
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Hi! I'm a licensed Clinical Psychologist based out of Montana with licenses in Florida and Montana. I have 12 years of experience working with adults and groups in reaching and "maintaining" their physical and mental health goals. I help clients build a strong mind & strong body while also building self-esteem and a positive body image! I do not teach extremes like fad-diets or extreme workouts! I teach women (and men) :) who want to learn how to build a balanced healthy lifestyle. I work with clients who have chronic pain, chronic health conditions, body image issues, self-esteem issues, and more.
Hi! I'm a licensed Clinical Psychologist based out of Montana with licenses in Florida and Montana. I have 12 years of experience working with adults and groups in reaching and "maintaining" their physical and mental health goals. I help clients build a strong mind & strong body while also building self-esteem and a positive body image! I do not teach extremes like fad-diets or extreme workouts! I teach women (and men) :) who want to learn how to build a balanced healthy lifestyle. I work with clients who have chronic pain, chronic health conditions, body image issues, self-esteem issues, and more.
(406) 521-7513 View (406) 521-7513
Photo of Nichole Cotton, Counselor, MS, LCPC
Nichole Cotton
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Anaconda, MT 59711
Being a counselor is God's purpose for my life. I love working with people and building relationships, which includes encouraging and building people up. I have an diverse approach, which means that no one is the same therefore each session is tailored to the client's evolving needs. I offer faith-based counseling for those that request it and I also use techniques from reality therapy as well as cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy. These approaches are valuable in finding healing and helping others to move forward on their journey.
Being a counselor is God's purpose for my life. I love working with people and building relationships, which includes encouraging and building people up. I have an diverse approach, which means that no one is the same therefore each session is tailored to the client's evolving needs. I offer faith-based counseling for those that request it and I also use techniques from reality therapy as well as cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy. These approaches are valuable in finding healing and helping others to move forward on their journey.
(406) 936-3089 View (406) 936-3089
Photo of Lorena Craig, Counselor, MA, LCPC, LAC
Lorena Craig
Counselor, MA, LCPC, LAC
Anaconda, MT 59711
My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment in order for individuals, couples, and families to find a way through their difficulties. I use a collaborative client-centered approach and focus on providing a safe haven in which the client(s) can begin the healing journey.
My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment in order for individuals, couples, and families to find a way through their difficulties. I use a collaborative client-centered approach and focus on providing a safe haven in which the client(s) can begin the healing journey.
(406) 296-6392 View (406) 296-6392
Photo of Amy Gault, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CDVS-I
Amy Gault
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CDVS-I
Online Only
Accepting new ONLINE clients. Are you struggling to find your center? Do you feel anxious, inadequate or depressed and don't know where to turn - especially in these challenging times? Maybe your relationships are suffering, you feel alone, or you find yourself leaning toward substance use to cope with difficulties. Find the courage to reach out and begin sharing your worries or fears, as well as your hopes and dreams, in a supportive and encouraging environment.
Accepting new ONLINE clients. Are you struggling to find your center? Do you feel anxious, inadequate or depressed and don't know where to turn - especially in these challenging times? Maybe your relationships are suffering, you feel alone, or you find yourself leaning toward substance use to cope with difficulties. Find the courage to reach out and begin sharing your worries or fears, as well as your hopes and dreams, in a supportive and encouraging environment.
(406) 380-4225 View (406) 380-4225
Photo of Amy Lorang, Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Amy Lorang
Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Anaconda, MT 59711
Not accepting new clients
Life is a journey that can bring joy and happiness along with pain and confusion. Maybe you are adjusting to a big life change or you are feeling anxious and depressed. There are times when we all need to talk to someone. With intention you can heal and be empowered by your painful experiences, and grow to be the person you want to be. Your past experiences do not need to dictate your present moment. You can build upon your strengths to create new mental, physical, and lifestyle habits.
Life is a journey that can bring joy and happiness along with pain and confusion. Maybe you are adjusting to a big life change or you are feeling anxious and depressed. There are times when we all need to talk to someone. With intention you can heal and be empowered by your painful experiences, and grow to be the person you want to be. Your past experiences do not need to dictate your present moment. You can build upon your strengths to create new mental, physical, and lifestyle habits.
(406) 282-8773 View (406) 282-8773
Photo of Megan Pagano, Counselor, MS, LCPC
Megan Pagano
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Online Only
A helpful step toward mental health improvement is to give the tough parts of human-hood some conscious attention. At the same time, it’s hard enough to open a jar of pickles or parallel park a car…let alone navigate anxiety, relationships, or distressing thoughts by ourselves. I’d be honored to do this with you. In a counseling relationship, I offer an unbiased lens through which we can explore your experiences.
A helpful step toward mental health improvement is to give the tough parts of human-hood some conscious attention. At the same time, it’s hard enough to open a jar of pickles or parallel park a car…let alone navigate anxiety, relationships, or distressing thoughts by ourselves. I’d be honored to do this with you. In a counseling relationship, I offer an unbiased lens through which we can explore your experiences.
(406) 602-0576 View (406) 602-0576
Photo of Donald Louis Kronenberger - Red Mountain Center PLLC, Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Red Mountain Center PLLC
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Serves Area
Welcome! Navigating life's twists and turns can be challenging, but you don't have to do it alone. My name is Don Kronenberger, and I'm a clinical mental health counselor dedicated to supporting your well-being.
Welcome! Navigating life's twists and turns can be challenging, but you don't have to do it alone. My name is Don Kronenberger, and I'm a clinical mental health counselor dedicated to supporting your well-being.
(406) 719-6825 View (406) 719-6825
Photo of Meighan Robbins - Southwest Evaluations & Counseling , Counselor, LCPC, LAC, LPC-MH, ADHD-CC
Southwest Evaluations & Counseling
Counselor, LCPC, LAC, LPC-MH, ADHD-CC
Online Only
Accepting new therapy/counseling clients for South Dakota residents only. Accepting clients for assessment/evaluation (mental health, chemical dependency and/or ADHD) for both Montana and South Dakota residents. I specialize in: addiction/substance abuse/“co-occurring”; ADHD; anxiety; attachment; “codependency”; chronic pain/illness; and formal ADHD, mental health & chemical dependency evaluations (including Board- or Court-ordered). I offer ADHD skills sessions, Court- or Board-ordered evaluations, full mental health evaluation, chemical dependency evals (CDE), and comprehensive ADHD assessment/evaluation.
Accepting new therapy/counseling clients for South Dakota residents only. Accepting clients for assessment/evaluation (mental health, chemical dependency and/or ADHD) for both Montana and South Dakota residents. I specialize in: addiction/substance abuse/“co-occurring”; ADHD; anxiety; attachment; “codependency”; chronic pain/illness; and formal ADHD, mental health & chemical dependency evaluations (including Board- or Court-ordered). I offer ADHD skills sessions, Court- or Board-ordered evaluations, full mental health evaluation, chemical dependency evals (CDE), and comprehensive ADHD assessment/evaluation.
(605) 450-7645 View (605) 450-7645
Photo of Elizabeth DeFanti, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor , LCPC, LPC, NCC
Elizabeth DeFanti
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor , LCPC, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
A warm welcome, I'm Elizabeth. It takes courage to seek mental health counseling, and I admire you for taking this step in support of your own self-care and wellness. I specialize in resilience counseling to foster well-being and flourishing in a way that aligns with what matters most to you. Together, we can balance tending to concerns, stressors, and symptoms with your inherent resources, enhancing what’s “strong” so you can fully engage with your life, experience joy, and move through challenges with resourcefulness and ingenuity.
A warm welcome, I'm Elizabeth. It takes courage to seek mental health counseling, and I admire you for taking this step in support of your own self-care and wellness. I specialize in resilience counseling to foster well-being and flourishing in a way that aligns with what matters most to you. Together, we can balance tending to concerns, stressors, and symptoms with your inherent resources, enhancing what’s “strong” so you can fully engage with your life, experience joy, and move through challenges with resourcefulness and ingenuity.
(406) 616-4095 View (406) 616-4095
Photo of Lacey Raymond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lacey Raymond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Life can be challenging! I believe we were not made to go through it alone. You may need support coping with everyday stress or healing from a significant trauma. Maybe your tools no longer work the same and you want to try something new. You may want to gain more insight into how your physical, mental, and spiritual health are connected. Maybe you want someone to share your story with or support your personal growth journey.
Life can be challenging! I believe we were not made to go through it alone. You may need support coping with everyday stress or healing from a significant trauma. Maybe your tools no longer work the same and you want to try something new. You may want to gain more insight into how your physical, mental, and spiritual health are connected. Maybe you want someone to share your story with or support your personal growth journey.
(406) 732-2883 View (406) 732-2883
Photo of Mike M Craddock - Highland Mountains Counseling PLLC, Counselor, LCPC, LAC
Highland Mountains Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LCPC, LAC
Serves Area
Hello! My name is Mike Craddock, and I am excited to have the opportunity to work with you to achieve your counseling goals. My work ranges from depression to addiction issues with adults and I also have the unique distinction of being a military combat Veteran and specialize in military issues. I offer free 20 minute face-to-face and phone consultations for a no obligation needs and fit assessment. So whether you need help managing difficult emotions or working to give up an addiction, please feel free to give me a call.
Hello! My name is Mike Craddock, and I am excited to have the opportunity to work with you to achieve your counseling goals. My work ranges from depression to addiction issues with adults and I also have the unique distinction of being a military combat Veteran and specialize in military issues. I offer free 20 minute face-to-face and phone consultations for a no obligation needs and fit assessment. So whether you need help managing difficult emotions or working to give up an addiction, please feel free to give me a call.
(406) 306-1504 View (406) 306-1504
Photo of Donna Christine Gettle-Briggs, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCPC, LAC
Donna Christine Gettle-Briggs
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCPC, LAC
Serves Area
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Stressed? Need to find direction in your circumstances? Have you ever wondered which single experience /relationship in your life most affects how you feel/ function? I enjoy working with people who are experiencing change in their life. Whether this is related to a crises or unforeseen circumstance change. Walking with people as they experience life is my speciality. Everyone needs support and a helping hand at times. I want to be that support.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Stressed? Need to find direction in your circumstances? Have you ever wondered which single experience /relationship in your life most affects how you feel/ function? I enjoy working with people who are experiencing change in their life. Whether this is related to a crises or unforeseen circumstance change. Walking with people as they experience life is my speciality. Everyone needs support and a helping hand at times. I want to be that support.
(406) 510-1442 View (406) 510-1442
Photo of Rebecca Petrovich, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LCSWC
Rebecca Petrovich
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LCSWC
Serves Area
You wake up each day determined to keep it together, yet the weight of expectations feels heavier than ever. Somewhere along the way, you stopped recognizing yourself and wonder what it would be like to finally feel at ease again. Or maybe your child or teen just isn’t themselves lately—quieter, more anxious, or pulling away from things they once enjoyed. It can be hard to know how to help or where to turn. Past experiences or trauma may be shaping the present, and for some, the weight also comes from navigating identity—race, culture, or sexuality—in spaces that don’t always feel safe.
You wake up each day determined to keep it together, yet the weight of expectations feels heavier than ever. Somewhere along the way, you stopped recognizing yourself and wonder what it would be like to finally feel at ease again. Or maybe your child or teen just isn’t themselves lately—quieter, more anxious, or pulling away from things they once enjoyed. It can be hard to know how to help or where to turn. Past experiences or trauma may be shaping the present, and for some, the weight also comes from navigating identity—race, culture, or sexuality—in spaces that don’t always feel safe.
(406) 446-8023 View (406) 446-8023
Photo of Mary L Watson, Counselor, MS, LCPC, LMFT, NCC
Mary L Watson
Counselor, MS, LCPC, LMFT, NCC
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I provide individual, couples, and family therapy to children, teens, and adults in a comfortable outpatient setting in Butte, MT. I am qualified to treat multiple issues including, depression, anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder, attachment disorders, trauma, autistic spectrum disorder, family of origin issues, parenting, co-parenting, blended families, and relationship issues, including conflicts and lack of emotional connection within a couple. In addressing these issues, I utilize play therapy, art therapy, emotionally focused therapy, and a family systems approach.
I provide individual, couples, and family therapy to children, teens, and adults in a comfortable outpatient setting in Butte, MT. I am qualified to treat multiple issues including, depression, anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder, attachment disorders, trauma, autistic spectrum disorder, family of origin issues, parenting, co-parenting, blended families, and relationship issues, including conflicts and lack of emotional connection within a couple. In addressing these issues, I utilize play therapy, art therapy, emotionally focused therapy, and a family systems approach.
(406) 740-8632 View (406) 740-8632
Photo of Wendy R Simpson - Wendy R Simpson LLC, LCSW, LAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
Wendy R Simpson LLC, LCSW, LAC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Hello & Welcome. My journey and decision to become a counselor began with my own and loved one's challenging personal life experiences. These challenges led me to completing a program to become a Licensed Addiction Counselor and finally expanding my studies by completing a Master of Clinical Social Work degree, with an undergraduate minor degree in Native American Studies. Social work is important to me because of its holistic view, which considers how major life factors (health, relationships, psychology, culture, socioeconomic status and environment) impact a person's sense of self and wellbeing.
Hello & Welcome. My journey and decision to become a counselor began with my own and loved one's challenging personal life experiences. These challenges led me to completing a program to become a Licensed Addiction Counselor and finally expanding my studies by completing a Master of Clinical Social Work degree, with an undergraduate minor degree in Native American Studies. Social work is important to me because of its holistic view, which considers how major life factors (health, relationships, psychology, culture, socioeconomic status and environment) impact a person's sense of self and wellbeing.
(406) 345-6448 View (406) 345-6448
Photo of Laurie Young - Laurie Young, LCSW, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Laurie Young, LCSW, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I am a licensed clinical social worker who works with all age groups. I have 15+ years of practice working with kids and families. I specialize in trauma, anxiety and depression, and attachment and adoption issues as well as LGBTQ+ issues. I also have experience with working with military personal and their families. I am passionate about helping others and my community.
I am a licensed clinical social worker who works with all age groups. I have 15+ years of practice working with kids and families. I specialize in trauma, anxiety and depression, and attachment and adoption issues as well as LGBTQ+ issues. I also have experience with working with military personal and their families. I am passionate about helping others and my community.
(406) 498-9044 View (406) 498-9044
Photo of Janet Turner - exceptional U, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
exceptional U
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
People have many fears when they consider going to therapy. Fear of change, feeling (insert your own word) weak? flawed? not normal? Imagine the life you truly desire. What do you need to do to create that life? Conquer your struggles, clear out your sabotaging thoughts & behaviors, override your fears, set goals. My priority is creating a nonjudgmental environment where you feel comfortable & understood. Together we will figure out how you can best achieve the life you imagined - balanced, fulfilled, healthy, productive, satisfying, peaceful. I will take time to get to know you and tailor my approach to what best fits your needs & comfort zone.
People have many fears when they consider going to therapy. Fear of change, feeling (insert your own word) weak? flawed? not normal? Imagine the life you truly desire. What do you need to do to create that life? Conquer your struggles, clear out your sabotaging thoughts & behaviors, override your fears, set goals. My priority is creating a nonjudgmental environment where you feel comfortable & understood. Together we will figure out how you can best achieve the life you imagined - balanced, fulfilled, healthy, productive, satisfying, peaceful. I will take time to get to know you and tailor my approach to what best fits your needs & comfort zone.
(406) 290-7494 View (406) 290-7494
Photo of Lisa Choquette - Lisa Choquette Vibrant Mind Therapeutics, Counselor, MS, LCPC
Lisa Choquette Vibrant Mind Therapeutics
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Life comes with inevitable changes that can be difficult whether they are planned and wanted, or unplanned and dreadful. With these changes can come emotional issues such as depression, anxiety, or grief, just to name a few. The way we deal with these changes has a lot to do with our past experiences and perception. Our sense of self-worth influences almost every aspect of our lives, and when it's less than healthy, we can miss out on fulfilling our true potential or outright sabotaging ourselves.
Life comes with inevitable changes that can be difficult whether they are planned and wanted, or unplanned and dreadful. With these changes can come emotional issues such as depression, anxiety, or grief, just to name a few. The way we deal with these changes has a lot to do with our past experiences and perception. Our sense of self-worth influences almost every aspect of our lives, and when it's less than healthy, we can miss out on fulfilling our true potential or outright sabotaging ourselves.
(406) 412-0975 View (406) 412-0975

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Joanna Hadley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Joanna Hadley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck, anxious, or overwhelmed by a recent life transition or a challenge that just won’t seem to budge? Maybe you’re trying to keep it all together on the outside while feeling lost or exhausted inside. If you’re here, it probably means you’re ready for something to shift—and I’d be honored to walk with you as you begin that process. I am an LCSW who works with adults navigating anxiety, depression, chronic illness, older age, and grief. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in the belief that you already carry the inner strength and wisdom you need.
Are you feeling stuck, anxious, or overwhelmed by a recent life transition or a challenge that just won’t seem to budge? Maybe you’re trying to keep it all together on the outside while feeling lost or exhausted inside. If you’re here, it probably means you’re ready for something to shift—and I’d be honored to walk with you as you begin that process. I am an LCSW who works with adults navigating anxiety, depression, chronic illness, older age, and grief. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in the belief that you already carry the inner strength and wisdom you need.
(406) 299-9482 View (406) 299-9482
Photo of Hanna Knudsen, Counselor, LCPC, MS CHMC, NCC
Hanna Knudsen
Counselor, LCPC, MS CHMC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I can see clients throughout Montana via telehealth. I work with adult, young adult, geriatric, multicultural, and LGBTQIA+ clients. My specialties include working with ADHD, ASD and sensory sensitivities, Depressive Disorders (MDD, Dysthymia, PMDD), Dissociative Disorders (DPD, DPR, DID), complex-interpersonal relationships (family members or partners with: NPD, substance-use, BPD, imprisonment, etc.), Social Anxiety, PTSD (physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, sexual), Suicidality, Somatic Disorders, Insomnia, Sexual Dysfunctions, Sex Positivity, Gender Dysphoria, and Burnout.
I can see clients throughout Montana via telehealth. I work with adult, young adult, geriatric, multicultural, and LGBTQIA+ clients. My specialties include working with ADHD, ASD and sensory sensitivities, Depressive Disorders (MDD, Dysthymia, PMDD), Dissociative Disorders (DPD, DPR, DID), complex-interpersonal relationships (family members or partners with: NPD, substance-use, BPD, imprisonment, etc.), Social Anxiety, PTSD (physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, sexual), Suicidality, Somatic Disorders, Insomnia, Sexual Dysfunctions, Sex Positivity, Gender Dysphoria, and Burnout.
(406) 747-2234 View (406) 747-2234

See more therapy options for Anaconda

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Anaconda, MT

10+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Anaconda, MT who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
83% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
72% Coping Skills
67% Trauma and PTSD
61% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
94% Allegiance
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Anaconda, MT see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Anaconda?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.