Photo of J&S Therapy Studio , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
J&S Therapy Studio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87123
Additional evidence based practices such as Motivational Interviewing and Solution Focused Brief Treatment are also used.
Are you at a turning point, feeling burnt out, overwhelmed, ready for change but don't know how? Are you feeling like you're being held back by the weight of the past, having difficulties maintaining healthy relationships, setting boundaries, and trying to break generational cycles, while trying to build a life that fulfills you? Finding balance and juggling various roles/responsibilities is difficult; twice as much while trying to recover and heal. I am here to tell you that you can do it. I am proud of you for taking the first steps on your journey. I am privileged and grateful to help you navigate this new path and find your way
Additional evidence based practices such as Motivational Interviewing and Solution Focused Brief Treatment are also used.
Are you at a turning point, feeling burnt out, overwhelmed, ready for change but don't know how? Are you feeling like you're being held back by the weight of the past, having difficulties maintaining healthy relationships, setting boundaries, and trying to break generational cycles, while trying to build a life that fulfills you? Finding balance and juggling various roles/responsibilities is difficult; twice as much while trying to recover and heal. I am here to tell you that you can do it. I am proud of you for taking the first steps on your journey. I am privileged and grateful to help you navigate this new path and find your way
(505) 551-3262 View (505) 551-3262
Photo of Ali Calhoun, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Ali Calhoun
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADAC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87109
I have specialized skills in cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, anger management, emotional regulation and mindfulness.
Hello and welcome! I offer my clients a safe environment, unconditional positive regard and non-judgmental support to explore and express themselves. Together we will work on identifying unconscious beliefs that might be thwarting personal growth. Whether you are coming to see me because you want to talk about a painful experience, are seeking new coping skills or are just feeling stuck, we will work together to help you move forward and obtain balance in your life.
I have specialized skills in cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, anger management, emotional regulation and mindfulness.
Hello and welcome! I offer my clients a safe environment, unconditional positive regard and non-judgmental support to explore and express themselves. Together we will work on identifying unconscious beliefs that might be thwarting personal growth. Whether you are coming to see me because you want to talk about a painful experience, are seeking new coping skills or are just feeling stuck, we will work together to help you move forward and obtain balance in your life.
(505) 391-2850 View (505) 391-2850
Photo of Blanca Montes, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Blanca Montes
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87102
My approach is integrative, and I often draw from CBT, DBT skills, motivational interviewing, existential theories and positive psychology interventions.
I provide services in both English and Spanish. As a clinical mental health counselor, I believe the relationship between client and therapist is the most important part of the process. It is imperative that client(s) can trust me, and I provide a safe place for my clients to let themselves be vulnerable. I offer a judgement free atmosphere where my clients can grow and learn how to be the best version of themselves, to recognize their strengths and enhance coping skill using various modalities.
My approach is integrative, and I often draw from CBT, DBT skills, motivational interviewing, existential theories and positive psychology interventions.
I provide services in both English and Spanish. As a clinical mental health counselor, I believe the relationship between client and therapist is the most important part of the process. It is imperative that client(s) can trust me, and I provide a safe place for my clients to let themselves be vulnerable. I offer a judgement free atmosphere where my clients can grow and learn how to be the best version of themselves, to recognize their strengths and enhance coping skill using various modalities.
(505) 551-3923 View (505) 551-3923
Photo of Jesse Tatum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Jesse Tatum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MM, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87106
I work primarily using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), EMDR, Existentialism, Polyvagal Theory, Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI).
I'm here to help you with life's challenges and to assist you in finding solutions that will improve your well-being. I'm interested in the many factors impacting our lives, including individual biology, personal psychology, social environment, and philosophical outlook. I work with people dealing with life transitions, grief/loss, anxiety, cancer, depression, substance use, trauma, and various artistic concerns. I have a background in the arts as a performer, teacher, lecturer, and author, and use my experience to help bring new levels of understanding and workability to your life.
I work primarily using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), EMDR, Existentialism, Polyvagal Theory, Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI).
I'm here to help you with life's challenges and to assist you in finding solutions that will improve your well-being. I'm interested in the many factors impacting our lives, including individual biology, personal psychology, social environment, and philosophical outlook. I work with people dealing with life transitions, grief/loss, anxiety, cancer, depression, substance use, trauma, and various artistic concerns. I have a background in the arts as a performer, teacher, lecturer, and author, and use my experience to help bring new levels of understanding and workability to your life.
(505) 407-8979 View (505) 407-8979
Photo of Bruno Nora, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Bruno Nora
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87102  (Online Only)
I use EMDR, Mindfulness, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, and Forward-Focus Trauma Therapy to facilitate clients' awareness, healing, and emotional growth.
Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or worried? Do you struggle to get rid of unpleasant memories or traumatic events? Have you felt unmotivated, isolated, afraid of, guilty, or ashamed? New changes or challenges can be hard to adjust to, and stressors or negative memories can affect mood, behaviors, thoughts, and physical sensations. Moreover, similar symptoms and stressful moments in life can affect or impair our relationships, family, and work. It is never too late to be helped!
I use EMDR, Mindfulness, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, and Forward-Focus Trauma Therapy to facilitate clients' awareness, healing, and emotional growth.
Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or worried? Do you struggle to get rid of unpleasant memories or traumatic events? Have you felt unmotivated, isolated, afraid of, guilty, or ashamed? New changes or challenges can be hard to adjust to, and stressors or negative memories can affect mood, behaviors, thoughts, and physical sensations. Moreover, similar symptoms and stressful moments in life can affect or impair our relationships, family, and work. It is never too late to be helped!
(575) 708-6385 View (575) 708-6385
Photo of New Light Counseling LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
New Light Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW, LMHC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87114  (Online Only)
Our clinicians are licensed and trained in evidenced based practices which include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Intentionality, Motivational Interviewing, Exposure Therapy, Trauma-Informed Therapy, Brainspotting, Somatic Therapy, Dialectal Behavioral-Informed Therapy, and strengths-based approach.
New Light Counseling provides a safe and non-judgmental space for healing. Our therapists utilize evidence-based therapies in treatment planning and session work. We work with you to develop meaningful goals for lasting solutions. Our therapists assist clients experiencing mood disorders, family and relationship dynamics, trauma, addictions, and overall life stressors. Reach out today to schedule your appointment!
Our clinicians are licensed and trained in evidenced based practices which include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Intentionality, Motivational Interviewing, Exposure Therapy, Trauma-Informed Therapy, Brainspotting, Somatic Therapy, Dialectal Behavioral-Informed Therapy, and strengths-based approach.
New Light Counseling provides a safe and non-judgmental space for healing. Our therapists utilize evidence-based therapies in treatment planning and session work. We work with you to develop meaningful goals for lasting solutions. Our therapists assist clients experiencing mood disorders, family and relationship dynamics, trauma, addictions, and overall life stressors. Reach out today to schedule your appointment!
(505) 591-5385 View (505) 591-5385
Photo of Shelly Bruce, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Shelly Bruce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87109  (Online Only)
Shelly Bruce is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in New Mexico with nearly 13 years of professional experience working with individuals and couples to assist in empowering positive change in their lives. Shelly has worked extensively with people challenged by depression, stress and anxiety, grief and loss issues, codependency, addiction issues and relationship issues. In addition Shelly spent 4 years working in hospice care with her primary focus on end of life counseling with terminally ill patients. Shelly believes the heart of your healing process begins with the interaction with you and your therapist. Healing starts now
Shelly Bruce is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in New Mexico with nearly 13 years of professional experience working with individuals and couples to assist in empowering positive change in their lives. Shelly has worked extensively with people challenged by depression, stress and anxiety, grief and loss issues, codependency, addiction issues and relationship issues. In addition Shelly spent 4 years working in hospice care with her primary focus on end of life counseling with terminally ill patients. Shelly believes the heart of your healing process begins with the interaction with you and your therapist. Healing starts now
(575) 500-4191 View (575) 500-4191
Photo of Fundamental Therapy Services LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Fundamental Therapy Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87102
Hola! My name is Vanessa Rodriguez, LCSW and my greatest hope for you is that therapy supports you with living a wholesome life with self-acceptance. Throughout my years of experience, I developed the ability to work with different patient populations. Combining my bilingual and bicultural abilities with my clinical background, I can deliver a full range of services to individuals and communities alike while treating them respectfully, and compassionately taking into account their circumstances. All of my therapy treatments include a trauma informed approach. My background includes working with children, adolescents, and adults.
Hola! My name is Vanessa Rodriguez, LCSW and my greatest hope for you is that therapy supports you with living a wholesome life with self-acceptance. Throughout my years of experience, I developed the ability to work with different patient populations. Combining my bilingual and bicultural abilities with my clinical background, I can deliver a full range of services to individuals and communities alike while treating them respectfully, and compassionately taking into account their circumstances. All of my therapy treatments include a trauma informed approach. My background includes working with children, adolescents, and adults.
(505) 591-6346 View (505) 591-6346
Photo of Carol Brusca, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Carol Brusca
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87121
Hi! I'm Carol Brusca, a licensed Marriage and Family therapist and Trauma specialist. I have extensive experience working with trauma, Vicarious Trauma and helping individuals create wellness in their lives. My approach to therapy is to help individuals find out why they are stuck and coming up with strategies to help them move forwards. I typically work with adult individuals and couples. The most common types of concerns I see are Trauma, anxiety, adjustment disorders, depression, school related concerns and individuals who are sorting through how to increase the quality of their lives.
Hi! I'm Carol Brusca, a licensed Marriage and Family therapist and Trauma specialist. I have extensive experience working with trauma, Vicarious Trauma and helping individuals create wellness in their lives. My approach to therapy is to help individuals find out why they are stuck and coming up with strategies to help them move forwards. I typically work with adult individuals and couples. The most common types of concerns I see are Trauma, anxiety, adjustment disorders, depression, school related concerns and individuals who are sorting through how to increase the quality of their lives.
(505) 672-7829 View (505) 672-7829
Photo of Jay Glickman, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Jay Glickman
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87106
I believe a big part of therapy is understanding the nature of change: how hard it is, what gets in the way, what helps create change. If you're ready and willing and needing to change - I'd love to work with you.
I believe a big part of therapy is understanding the nature of change: how hard it is, what gets in the way, what helps create change. If you're ready and willing and needing to change - I'd love to work with you.
(505) 392-3616 View (505) 392-3616
Photo of Clare Guerreiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Clare Guerreiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87109
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome to my profile! As a therapist, my goal is to empower you to achieve your aspirations and build a life that feels authentic and meaningful. I draw on a diverse set of therapeutic approaches, incorporating principles from Sensorimotor Therapy, Internal Family Systems Therapy, and Narrative Therapy. These modalities guide us in exploring new perspectives on familiar situations, cultivating self-efficacy and embracing authenticity.
Welcome to my profile! As a therapist, my goal is to empower you to achieve your aspirations and build a life that feels authentic and meaningful. I draw on a diverse set of therapeutic approaches, incorporating principles from Sensorimotor Therapy, Internal Family Systems Therapy, and Narrative Therapy. These modalities guide us in exploring new perspectives on familiar situations, cultivating self-efficacy and embracing authenticity.
(505) 608-6397 View (505) 608-6397
Photo of Yzetta (Zee) Martinez, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Yzetta (Zee) Martinez
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87110  (Online Only)
Empowering adolescents and adults from multi-cultural backgrounds using evidence-based interventions to overcome personal obstacles and improve well-being. My professional philosophy is that people desire a fulfilling life despite the past, present or future situations or traumas. Therefore, I gracefully support my clients in their work to improve intrinsic self-worth and self-awareness. With each client, my heart grows fonder for this work and I am grateful to be a part of your new journey! Are you ready to change your mindset? If so, allow me to support you in this beautiful life of YOURS!
Empowering adolescents and adults from multi-cultural backgrounds using evidence-based interventions to overcome personal obstacles and improve well-being. My professional philosophy is that people desire a fulfilling life despite the past, present or future situations or traumas. Therefore, I gracefully support my clients in their work to improve intrinsic self-worth and self-awareness. With each client, my heart grows fonder for this work and I am grateful to be a part of your new journey! Are you ready to change your mindset? If so, allow me to support you in this beautiful life of YOURS!
(505) 391-2865 View (505) 391-2865
Photo of Whitney Kartchner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Whitney Kartchner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87102  (Online Only)
NOW accepting new clients with same day consultations available. Welcome. I am proud of you for taking this difficult step. In my space I welcome all parts of you. Together we can explore contributors to symptoms you may be experiencing and find resolution. I am most comfortable working with clients that are experiencing a range of symptoms related to PTSD, CPTSD and/or Dissociative Disorders. Psychedelic Integration offered. Certified in Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. Please visit and find me at helloalma.com/providers/whitney-kartchner/ to request a consultation.
NOW accepting new clients with same day consultations available. Welcome. I am proud of you for taking this difficult step. In my space I welcome all parts of you. Together we can explore contributors to symptoms you may be experiencing and find resolution. I am most comfortable working with clients that are experiencing a range of symptoms related to PTSD, CPTSD and/or Dissociative Disorders. Psychedelic Integration offered. Certified in Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. Please visit and find me at helloalma.com/providers/whitney-kartchner/ to request a consultation.
(505) 657-5538 View (505) 657-5538
Photo of Odyssey Counseling, LLC, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Odyssey Counseling, LLC
Counselor, LPCC, LCSW, LMHC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87107
At Odyssey Counseling we focus on meeting people wherever they're at. Everyone falls down from time to time. For us counseling is a collaboration. We work with you to pinpoint problems and help explore ways to help you get to where you want to be. We have specialties including PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Acute Stress, Divorce, grief, parenting, relationship, and life transition issues. We have numerous programs including services for first responders and their families, and an IOP Substance Abuse/Trauma Program for women . We provide health and wellness programs to workplaces and offer an Employee Assistance Program.
At Odyssey Counseling we focus on meeting people wherever they're at. Everyone falls down from time to time. For us counseling is a collaboration. We work with you to pinpoint problems and help explore ways to help you get to where you want to be. We have specialties including PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Acute Stress, Divorce, grief, parenting, relationship, and life transition issues. We have numerous programs including services for first responders and their families, and an IOP Substance Abuse/Trauma Program for women . We provide health and wellness programs to workplaces and offer an Employee Assistance Program.
(505) 333-4316 View (505) 333-4316
Photo of Nizhoni Counseling LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Nizhoni Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87111  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
** We are currently accepting new clients** Nizhóní is a traditional Navajo word, which means “The Beauty Way.” Beauty is a sense of being and is comprised of harmony and balance that is felt within. A healthy person lives in balance within themselves and in harmony with their environment. Nizhoni Counseling is a group private practice located in Albuquerque but provides tele-therapy throughout New Mexico. We provide quality mental health services, grounded in holistic healing (mental, spiritual, emotional, social, and physical balance) through a culturally inclusive approach.
** We are currently accepting new clients** Nizhóní is a traditional Navajo word, which means “The Beauty Way.” Beauty is a sense of being and is comprised of harmony and balance that is felt within. A healthy person lives in balance within themselves and in harmony with their environment. Nizhoni Counseling is a group private practice located in Albuquerque but provides tele-therapy throughout New Mexico. We provide quality mental health services, grounded in holistic healing (mental, spiritual, emotional, social, and physical balance) through a culturally inclusive approach.
(505) 322-6837 View (505) 322-6837
Photo of Tara Bremer Quintana, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Tara Bremer Quintana
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87111
Tara is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with a broad range of professional experience. She works with children, adolescents, and adults in both individual and family settings. She has experience assisting clients as they navigate life transitions, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, stress, emotional disturbance, trauma, anger, parenting challenges, low self esteem, and systemic familial and relationship issues. She practices from a generalist perspective, drawing from multiple treatment modalities including, but not limited to, cognitive behavioral, strength based, psycho dynamic, crisis management, family systems, solution focused, and narrative therapies.
Tara is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with a broad range of professional experience. She works with children, adolescents, and adults in both individual and family settings. She has experience assisting clients as they navigate life transitions, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, stress, emotional disturbance, trauma, anger, parenting challenges, low self esteem, and systemic familial and relationship issues. She practices from a generalist perspective, drawing from multiple treatment modalities including, but not limited to, cognitive behavioral, strength based, psycho dynamic, crisis management, family systems, solution focused, and narrative therapies.
(505) 322-6797 View (505) 322-6797
Photo of Nicholas C. Cuccia, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Nicholas C. Cuccia
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87108  (Online Only)
While you may be in search of psychotherapy because something is troubling you, or there is a specific problem that you want help with, I consider it my duty to help you obtain more than that. I endeavor to help people achieve a life worth loving. One that nourishes your mind, body, and spirit. I believe that all human beings can have such a life if given the tools and support they need and if they are properly motivated. We will begin therapy by envisioning what this life looks like for you. Then plot a course together to help you get there. I look forward to the opportunity of joining you on this journey.
While you may be in search of psychotherapy because something is troubling you, or there is a specific problem that you want help with, I consider it my duty to help you obtain more than that. I endeavor to help people achieve a life worth loving. One that nourishes your mind, body, and spirit. I believe that all human beings can have such a life if given the tools and support they need and if they are properly motivated. We will begin therapy by envisioning what this life looks like for you. Then plot a course together to help you get there. I look forward to the opportunity of joining you on this journey.
(505) 257-6358 View (505) 257-6358
Photo of Isaac Penner, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Isaac Penner
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87120
Immediate Openings, make contact with You Matter Counseling Services today. My name is Isaac Penner, MA, LMHC. I was born and raised in New Mexico and am a proud Veteran.
Immediate Openings, make contact with You Matter Counseling Services today. My name is Isaac Penner, MA, LMHC. I was born and raised in New Mexico and am a proud Veteran.
(505) 591-4337 View (505) 591-4337
Meraki Wellbeing, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87121  (Online Only)
Just by showing up and reading this, You are brave! Looking for help isn't always easy, but if the following resonates with you, I believe I can help! Do you find yourself feeling stuck in negative repetitive patterns? Overwhelmed and uncertain? Experiencing anxiety and/or depression and wanting more out of life but not sure how to get there? I know lie can feel like an uphill battle at times, but you don't have to figure it out alone. I can support you through the challenging and confusing parts of your journey and share in the celebration of your successes in personal growth along the way.
Just by showing up and reading this, You are brave! Looking for help isn't always easy, but if the following resonates with you, I believe I can help! Do you find yourself feeling stuck in negative repetitive patterns? Overwhelmed and uncertain? Experiencing anxiety and/or depression and wanting more out of life but not sure how to get there? I know lie can feel like an uphill battle at times, but you don't have to figure it out alone. I can support you through the challenging and confusing parts of your journey and share in the celebration of your successes in personal growth along the way.
(505) 375-1643 View (505) 375-1643
Photo of Heidi Monge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Heidi Monge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87109  (Online Only)
I utilize CBT, DBT, and Solution Focused Therapy while providing empathy and a non judgmental space for my clients to grow and heal. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, LCSW and graduated with my Master’s in Social Work from the University of Pittsburgh. I have experience in treating complex trauma, anxiety and depression in people throughout the lifespan, including families and couples. I am passionate about enhancing quality of life while taking pride in the values of communication, safety, and trust in working with individuals. I am deeply motivated to give back to my community.
I utilize CBT, DBT, and Solution Focused Therapy while providing empathy and a non judgmental space for my clients to grow and heal. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, LCSW and graduated with my Master’s in Social Work from the University of Pittsburgh. I have experience in treating complex trauma, anxiety and depression in people throughout the lifespan, including families and couples. I am passionate about enhancing quality of life while taking pride in the values of communication, safety, and trust in working with individuals. I am deeply motivated to give back to my community.
(505) 405-3643 View (505) 405-3643

Motivational Interviewing Therapists

How does motivational interviewing work?

Motivational interviewing aims to uncover a person’s internal motivation to change their life. Toward this end, the therapist listens, empathizes, and collaborates with the client based on their perspective; the therapist doesn’t adhere to a predetermined plan for change or impose their viewpoint on the client. Discovering an individual’s most important reasons for change, and guiding them to achieve those changes, can empower people to shift from ambivalence to action.

Is motivational interviewing evidence-based?

Yes, research shows that motivational interviewing can help treat alcohol and substance use — and in different ways such as reducing drinking, reducing resistance, and increasing the likelihood of staying in treatment. Motivational interviewing has also been shown to help people lose weight, adhere to medication regimens, improve diet for those with Type II diabetes, and improve healthy behaviors in children.

How long does motivational interviewing last?

Motivational interviewing is a short-term therapy that can last just one or two sessions. In some cases, motivational interviewing may be used in conjunction with longer-term therapies, but for most people, motivational interviewing is a brief intervention that aims to help patients understand their personal, specific, and internal reasons for changing their life.

What differentiates motivational interviewing from person-centered therapy?

In person-centered therapy, the individual is in the driver’s seat of the treatment process, creating space for them to trust their instincts and arrive at their own solutions. The two approaches are similar because motivational interviewing is also client-centered; however, person-centered therapy is more open-ended while motivational interviewing is somewhat more structured; the goal is to change, and the therapist helps the client specifically discover their internal motivations to modify their behavior.