Therapists in Pasadena, CA

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Photo of Feliz Lucia Molina, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Pasadena, CA
Feliz Lucia Molina
Associate Clinical Social Worker, MFA, MSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105  (Online Only)
We often go through life transitions unaware of how the past might still have a hold on us. Sometimes we simply need to take a moment to reflect on how experiences and relationships have shaped our perception of ourselves and situations. Processing how past traumas are linked to the present can help us to recover, heal, and to understand how behavior patterns and responses are formed in the first place so that we can change for the better.
We often go through life transitions unaware of how the past might still have a hold on us. Sometimes we simply need to take a moment to reflect on how experiences and relationships have shaped our perception of ourselves and situations. Processing how past traumas are linked to the present can help us to recover, heal, and to understand how behavior patterns and responses are formed in the first place so that we can change for the better.
(626) 779-9465 View (626) 779-9465
Photo of Melissa Garcia, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Melissa Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Melissa strongly believes in a multi-disciplinary, holistic approach to patient care. She is dedicated to creating a safe and judgment-free environment, as well as helping individuals find peace and heal their inner child and past traumas. She is available for couples, family, and individual therapy.
Melissa strongly believes in a multi-disciplinary, holistic approach to patient care. She is dedicated to creating a safe and judgment-free environment, as well as helping individuals find peace and heal their inner child and past traumas. She is available for couples, family, and individual therapy.
(626) 602-3016 View (626) 602-3016
Photo of Roberto J Olivo Marriage and Family Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Roberto J Olivo Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Intimate relationships could be difficult to maintain and understand. Sometimes we are left confused and hurt by the behaviors and words of others. Our responses to these unfortunate behaviors might create a negative reaction which could worsen the feelings of despair. Having a personal psychotherapist with whom to explore some of these problems could be very rewarding and healing. Finding assertive ways to express our emotions using a win/win approach might assist in the healing of those injuries. Anxiety, depression and interpersonal conflict could be minimized or eliminated with the appropriate interventions.
Intimate relationships could be difficult to maintain and understand. Sometimes we are left confused and hurt by the behaviors and words of others. Our responses to these unfortunate behaviors might create a negative reaction which could worsen the feelings of despair. Having a personal psychotherapist with whom to explore some of these problems could be very rewarding and healing. Finding assertive ways to express our emotions using a win/win approach might assist in the healing of those injuries. Anxiety, depression and interpersonal conflict could be minimized or eliminated with the appropriate interventions.
(626) 604-9123 View (626) 604-9123
Photo of Samantha Veil, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Samantha Veil
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Life’s daily challenges are not meant to be faced alone. Yet oftentimes we find ourselves overwhelmed and in need of support. My aim is to empower you as I walk beside you on your life’s journey. I provide a space where you can freely express yourself while feeling seen, heard, and understood. You and I will collaborate in enhancing your self-awareness, while also developing more effective coping strategies for you to apply in daily life. If you present your relationship concerns to me, I will work with you and your loved ones in creating more secure attachments that embody effective communication, mutual respect, and trust.
Life’s daily challenges are not meant to be faced alone. Yet oftentimes we find ourselves overwhelmed and in need of support. My aim is to empower you as I walk beside you on your life’s journey. I provide a space where you can freely express yourself while feeling seen, heard, and understood. You and I will collaborate in enhancing your self-awareness, while also developing more effective coping strategies for you to apply in daily life. If you present your relationship concerns to me, I will work with you and your loved ones in creating more secure attachments that embody effective communication, mutual respect, and trust.
(323) 916-4459 View (323) 916-4459
Photo of Althea Rowe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Althea Rowe
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Better - that's what you want; to be better, do better, and feel better. My goal is to help you get to your "better". You may feel alone with your experience or that no one would understand what you've been through - you may not even understand it yourself. But trust me when I say that you are not alone, and you CAN reach your goal! Whether this is your first time seeking therapy or you have been down this road before, I can help you to heal mentally and emotionally, to learn how to have a better relationship with yourself and others, and to develop the insight to reach your greatest potential.
Better - that's what you want; to be better, do better, and feel better. My goal is to help you get to your "better". You may feel alone with your experience or that no one would understand what you've been through - you may not even understand it yourself. But trust me when I say that you are not alone, and you CAN reach your goal! Whether this is your first time seeking therapy or you have been down this road before, I can help you to heal mentally and emotionally, to learn how to have a better relationship with yourself and others, and to develop the insight to reach your greatest potential.
(323) 870-1217 View (323) 870-1217
Photo of Guillermo Ulloa, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Guillermo Ulloa
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107
You're here for a reason. Perhaps, you've undergone trauma, both in the big sense or little sense, and maybe it just happened or it happened long ago. Your relationships aren't working because you're working so hard to make sure that you're not traumatized again. Now you're stuck. Maybe you and your significant other are in a difficult place, and you can't find resolution. In fact, you can't even talk to each other.
You're here for a reason. Perhaps, you've undergone trauma, both in the big sense or little sense, and maybe it just happened or it happened long ago. Your relationships aren't working because you're working so hard to make sure that you're not traumatized again. Now you're stuck. Maybe you and your significant other are in a difficult place, and you can't find resolution. In fact, you can't even talk to each other.
(626) 436-3356 View (626) 436-3356
Photo of Ivone Umar, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Ivone Umar
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with clients who want to resolve emotional or relational life changes. I do this is by sharing therapeutic practices that serve to overcome emotional distress which, in turn, leads to unhealthy behaviors that interfere with current life goals and values. As we work together in a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic relationship, negative thoughts and behaviors can be changed and replaced allowing clients to free themselves from discouragement, harmful attachments, fearful thoughts, excessive worry, or feeling like they are losing control of their emotions and their lives.
I specialize in working with clients who want to resolve emotional or relational life changes. I do this is by sharing therapeutic practices that serve to overcome emotional distress which, in turn, leads to unhealthy behaviors that interfere with current life goals and values. As we work together in a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic relationship, negative thoughts and behaviors can be changed and replaced allowing clients to free themselves from discouragement, harmful attachments, fearful thoughts, excessive worry, or feeling like they are losing control of their emotions and their lives.
(424) 396-5740 View (424) 396-5740
Photo of Katherine R Jazyk-Larson, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Katherine R Jazyk-Larson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Experiences shape and form us in significant ways. We may be left with unresolved pain, feeling stuck, and with symptoms we cannot explain, such as depression, anxiety, bodily discomfort, etc. I would like to help you get unstuck and support you in living life more fully. Research in the areas of attachment/ neurobiology support making meaning of what has happened to us and the importance of doing so in a safe relational experience, such as therapy. In my training and professional work, I have come to believe that trauma and wounding experiences can take many forms, and also that healing and relief are possible.
Experiences shape and form us in significant ways. We may be left with unresolved pain, feeling stuck, and with symptoms we cannot explain, such as depression, anxiety, bodily discomfort, etc. I would like to help you get unstuck and support you in living life more fully. Research in the areas of attachment/ neurobiology support making meaning of what has happened to us and the importance of doing so in a safe relational experience, such as therapy. In my training and professional work, I have come to believe that trauma and wounding experiences can take many forms, and also that healing and relief are possible.
(626) 714-6535 View (626) 714-6535
Photo of Evelina Mills, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Evelina Mills
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and I believe that prioritizing our mental well-being is essential for leading a fulfilling life. My clients experience various challenges including anxiety, stress, trauma, depression, grief, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships (family, platonic, romantic), sexuality, and work-life balance.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and I believe that prioritizing our mental well-being is essential for leading a fulfilling life. My clients experience various challenges including anxiety, stress, trauma, depression, grief, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships (family, platonic, romantic), sexuality, and work-life balance.
(626) 602-1448 View (626) 602-1448
Photo of Cassandra Meza Carrillo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Cassandra Meza Carrillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Do you need a safe place to vent and grow? Is life feeling overwhelming? Do you struggle with depression or/and anxiety? Is there unresolved trauma or grief that is getting in the way of your daily life? I work with clients of all walks of life, different backgrounds, ages and experiences who are ready to create a life worth living. Through therapy, I help facilitate the work of processing and healing underlying issues in your life. Together we can develop a strong foundation that can lead to long term progress and change.
Do you need a safe place to vent and grow? Is life feeling overwhelming? Do you struggle with depression or/and anxiety? Is there unresolved trauma or grief that is getting in the way of your daily life? I work with clients of all walks of life, different backgrounds, ages and experiences who are ready to create a life worth living. Through therapy, I help facilitate the work of processing and healing underlying issues in your life. Together we can develop a strong foundation that can lead to long term progress and change.
(626) 316-6876 View (626) 316-6876
Photo of Andrew Avery in Pasadena, CA
Andrew Avery
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91104
Are you sick and tired of suffering with ADHD? Is your life anxious and overwhelming? Are you frustrated and depressed by having great potential but no plan? If so, I get it. I was diagnosed with ADHD at the age of forty. Before then, life felt like one long battle that was grinding me down. But it doesn't have to be that way. Unemployment/under-employment, failing relationships, money stress, distraction/disorganization, lack of motivation, impulsive behavior, overwhelm, chaotic emotions, shame, low esteem, self-medication, no purpose in life: these are all things my clients overcome. You can too.
Are you sick and tired of suffering with ADHD? Is your life anxious and overwhelming? Are you frustrated and depressed by having great potential but no plan? If so, I get it. I was diagnosed with ADHD at the age of forty. Before then, life felt like one long battle that was grinding me down. But it doesn't have to be that way. Unemployment/under-employment, failing relationships, money stress, distraction/disorganization, lack of motivation, impulsive behavior, overwhelm, chaotic emotions, shame, low esteem, self-medication, no purpose in life: these are all things my clients overcome. You can too.
(323) 524-2385 View (323) 524-2385
Photo of Sarah Rezak, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Sarah Rezak
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Maybe you feel blocked at work, in a relationship, or creatively. Perhaps you are unsatisfied with an aspect of your life. If you are seeking a stronger connection to your true self, your body, or something else important to you, let's chat. My eclectic therapy approach works well with all types of people including: self-doubters, perfectionists, intimacy-fearfuls, existentially-unrested, procrastinators, relational dependents, trauma survivors, and more. I work holistically with individuals & couples to move through their various transitions, challenges, & mental health concerns.
Maybe you feel blocked at work, in a relationship, or creatively. Perhaps you are unsatisfied with an aspect of your life. If you are seeking a stronger connection to your true self, your body, or something else important to you, let's chat. My eclectic therapy approach works well with all types of people including: self-doubters, perfectionists, intimacy-fearfuls, existentially-unrested, procrastinators, relational dependents, trauma survivors, and more. I work holistically with individuals & couples to move through their various transitions, challenges, & mental health concerns.
(310) 504-5171 View (310) 504-5171
Photo of Jon-Patrik Pedersen, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Jon-Patrik Pedersen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Waitlist for new clients
In my 30+ years of practice, privately and in a university setting, I have had the opportunity to see a diverse range of clients from over 30 countries, with a wide spectrum of needs and concerns. I am influenced by a number of theoretical perspectives, particularly Existential Depth Psychology, but my primary goal is to collaborate with you in finding what is healing and right for you as you move forward in life.
In my 30+ years of practice, privately and in a university setting, I have had the opportunity to see a diverse range of clients from over 30 countries, with a wide spectrum of needs and concerns. I am influenced by a number of theoretical perspectives, particularly Existential Depth Psychology, but my primary goal is to collaborate with you in finding what is healing and right for you as you move forward in life.
(626) 658-3871 View (626) 658-3871
Photo of Anna Liu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Anna Liu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91106  (Online Only)
You crush it at work! But you feel like a total failure in your relationships. Exhaustion and hopelessness permeate your existence like a dark fog. Caffeine and self-propulsion have become your two best friends. Relationships should be fulfilling, right? Then why do you feel so numb, disengaged, and often embarrassed by your reactions to others? Sure, you hit your numbers at work. But your reward is dragging yourself home to a lonely, sexless marriage. Another conflict ensues. Great. Your wife’s judgmental stare leaves you feeling ashamed and like you’re 5 years old again. Let’s face it – you haven’t felt loved in years.
You crush it at work! But you feel like a total failure in your relationships. Exhaustion and hopelessness permeate your existence like a dark fog. Caffeine and self-propulsion have become your two best friends. Relationships should be fulfilling, right? Then why do you feel so numb, disengaged, and often embarrassed by your reactions to others? Sure, you hit your numbers at work. But your reward is dragging yourself home to a lonely, sexless marriage. Another conflict ensues. Great. Your wife’s judgmental stare leaves you feeling ashamed and like you’re 5 years old again. Let’s face it – you haven’t felt loved in years.
(626) 317-8495 View (626) 317-8495
Photo of Ted Cosse, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Ted Cosse
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, MBA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
I specialize in working with individual adults who, despite success they may be experiencing in many aspects of their lives, are feeling depressed and/or anxious, and who may have reached a point where their life lacks a sense of purpose and meaning. Ideally, clients I work with are willing to explore their past for the purpose of identifying patterns in the way they have behaved and felt, and for the purpose of understanding how these patterns may have developed. Then, I will help you identify specific changes you may want to consider to help you move forward.
I specialize in working with individual adults who, despite success they may be experiencing in many aspects of their lives, are feeling depressed and/or anxious, and who may have reached a point where their life lacks a sense of purpose and meaning. Ideally, clients I work with are willing to explore their past for the purpose of identifying patterns in the way they have behaved and felt, and for the purpose of understanding how these patterns may have developed. Then, I will help you identify specific changes you may want to consider to help you move forward.
(626) 467-3001 View (626) 467-3001
Photo of Dr. Donsha Robinson-McClain, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Dr. Donsha Robinson-McClain
Psychologist, PsyD, MS
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107  (Online Only)
As a Clinical Psychologist, I believe that a collaborative therapeutic relationship that incorporates all aspects of the client's life is key. I view therapy as a journey of self-discovery, and personal growth. I view my role as a facilitator of change, and it is my goal to assist client's in becoming their own facilitators of their personal change. I believe my strengths include an ability to build a strong rapport that helps client to feel empowered to meet their desired goals.
As a Clinical Psychologist, I believe that a collaborative therapeutic relationship that incorporates all aspects of the client's life is key. I view therapy as a journey of self-discovery, and personal growth. I view my role as a facilitator of change, and it is my goal to assist client's in becoming their own facilitators of their personal change. I believe my strengths include an ability to build a strong rapport that helps client to feel empowered to meet their desired goals.
(626) 209-9976 View (626) 209-9976
Photo of Clarity & Growth Center for Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Clarity & Growth Center for Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Finding a therapist who's the right fit can be stressful and time-consuming. Thank you for taking a minute to see if one of our therapists is right for you. You may be feeling stressed, worried, anxious, angry, hopeless - or all of the above! - and you just want to feel better. Maybe there's a problem you need to talk through, find some clarity around, and take action on. Or perhaps you're looking for someone who can help you clarify your goals, develop your potential, and bring your dreams into reality. In any case, we'd love to help!
Finding a therapist who's the right fit can be stressful and time-consuming. Thank you for taking a minute to see if one of our therapists is right for you. You may be feeling stressed, worried, anxious, angry, hopeless - or all of the above! - and you just want to feel better. Maybe there's a problem you need to talk through, find some clarity around, and take action on. Or perhaps you're looking for someone who can help you clarify your goals, develop your potential, and bring your dreams into reality. In any case, we'd love to help!
(626) 765-1753 View (626) 765-1753
Photo of Lydia C Morris, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Lydia C Morris
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Waitlist for new clients
Life has a way of challenging everything we know to be true and sometimes our very sense of identity. We can lose our confidence and direction as we navigate the new challenges of each season of life. Within the disorientation and disillusionment of finding our way, there is great opportunity for growth, healing, and peace. I work with my clients to capitalize on this opportunity, bringing a warm, practical, and authentic presence.
Life has a way of challenging everything we know to be true and sometimes our very sense of identity. We can lose our confidence and direction as we navigate the new challenges of each season of life. Within the disorientation and disillusionment of finding our way, there is great opportunity for growth, healing, and peace. I work with my clients to capitalize on this opportunity, bringing a warm, practical, and authentic presence.
(626) 709-5640 View (626) 709-5640
Photo of Naj Alikhan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Naj Alikhan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
You’ve always considered yourself someone who works well under pressure. Stress was never an obstacle – in fact, it motivated you to be better. You were unstoppable and could handle any challenge that came your way. But lately, something has changed. Now, you find yourself unable to shrug off concerns like you have in the past. You lay in bed at night, restless, mind racing. You’re tired and unfocused at work, making mistakes you’ve never made before. You’ve long sacrificed your personal relationships in favor of professional advancement. But now you’re wondering what any of that was for. You know something has to change, but how?
You’ve always considered yourself someone who works well under pressure. Stress was never an obstacle – in fact, it motivated you to be better. You were unstoppable and could handle any challenge that came your way. But lately, something has changed. Now, you find yourself unable to shrug off concerns like you have in the past. You lay in bed at night, restless, mind racing. You’re tired and unfocused at work, making mistakes you’ve never made before. You’ve long sacrificed your personal relationships in favor of professional advancement. But now you’re wondering what any of that was for. You know something has to change, but how?
(805) 842-3253 View (805) 842-3253
Photo of Hsing-Fang Chang, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Hsing-Fang Chang
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91106
Not accepting new clients
Life has a way to take us to somewhere unexpected and requires us to make some changes to find a new balance. It could be something exciting, such as starting college, starting a family, getting promoted at work, etc. It could also be something sad, like ending a relationship, loss of a loved one, or being apart from family. In any case, adjusting to a change in life is stressful and can cause anxiety and/or depression. At a time like this, I can provide you with effective coping skills to make transitions easier.
Life has a way to take us to somewhere unexpected and requires us to make some changes to find a new balance. It could be something exciting, such as starting college, starting a family, getting promoted at work, etc. It could also be something sad, like ending a relationship, loss of a loved one, or being apart from family. In any case, adjusting to a change in life is stressful and can cause anxiety and/or depression. At a time like this, I can provide you with effective coping skills to make transitions easier.
(626) 869-8928 View (626) 869-8928

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.