Therapists in Pasadena, CA

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Photo of Emmada Psychology Center, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Emmada Psychology Center
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Looking for the "right" therapist? Emmada's therapists are here to help. We specialize in helping clients understand themselves and navigate their lives in light of the cultural complexities that influence their experience. We offer an interpersonal approach to the whole person that addresses the emotional and relational challenges that hamper your vitality and ability to thrive.
Looking for the "right" therapist? Emmada's therapists are here to help. We specialize in helping clients understand themselves and navigate their lives in light of the cultural complexities that influence their experience. We offer an interpersonal approach to the whole person that addresses the emotional and relational challenges that hamper your vitality and ability to thrive.
(626) 243-2886 x105 View (626) 243-2886 x105
Photo of Nicole Justine Byrne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Nicole Justine Byrne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91104  (Online Only)
You're seeking more out of your life - more peace, fun, play, fulfillment, meaning. You want more connection in relationship - where your needs matter too. You want more trust in yourself - to feel grounded again, not spinning or spread thin. You want to engage in your career and interests in a way that fills you up and relate to others with ease. All of this is possible. Sometimes we just need to be deeply listened to and then guided to pivot in new ways as we move through what's hard, in order to reach your fullest potential.
You're seeking more out of your life - more peace, fun, play, fulfillment, meaning. You want more connection in relationship - where your needs matter too. You want more trust in yourself - to feel grounded again, not spinning or spread thin. You want to engage in your career and interests in a way that fills you up and relate to others with ease. All of this is possible. Sometimes we just need to be deeply listened to and then guided to pivot in new ways as we move through what's hard, in order to reach your fullest potential.
(323) 870-7925 View (323) 870-7925
Photo of Lisa LANSING, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Lisa LANSING
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107
Now accepting new clients for telehealth or outdoor sessions. "Ultimately it is the quality of our relationships that will determine the quality of our lives" - Esther Perel. Our relationships are everything. When our connections with each are not what we hope for, it is natural to feel unsteady in the world or even sad or anxious. We often get in our own way from finding and maintaining our deepest connections with those we love. Looking to our past can give us clues to our future and how to "live our best lives" (I think Oprah coined that one!). I offer telehealth sessions as well as outdoor sessions in a local park TBD.
Now accepting new clients for telehealth or outdoor sessions. "Ultimately it is the quality of our relationships that will determine the quality of our lives" - Esther Perel. Our relationships are everything. When our connections with each are not what we hope for, it is natural to feel unsteady in the world or even sad or anxious. We often get in our own way from finding and maintaining our deepest connections with those we love. Looking to our past can give us clues to our future and how to "live our best lives" (I think Oprah coined that one!). I offer telehealth sessions as well as outdoor sessions in a local park TBD.
(626) 507-3345 View (626) 507-3345
Photo of Tiffany O'Bannon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Tiffany O'Bannon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
"Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony." -Mahatma Gandhi. Stress, anxiety, interpersonal relationships issues, life transitions, low self-esteem and depression can all contribute to disharmony to our lives. I personalize different therapy models to cater to my client's individual needs to support the healing process and improve balance in their lives despite the circumstances.
"Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony." -Mahatma Gandhi. Stress, anxiety, interpersonal relationships issues, life transitions, low self-esteem and depression can all contribute to disharmony to our lives. I personalize different therapy models to cater to my client's individual needs to support the healing process and improve balance in their lives despite the circumstances.
(213) 895-4932 View (213) 895-4932
Photo of Pouyan Rasi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Pouyan Rasi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
My approach is a tapestry woven with various evidence-based practices including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused CBT, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and somatic treatments. My practice is built on a foundation of holistic care, which means looking beyond the surface to address the entirety of your experience – mind, body, and spirit. I’ve seen firsthand how an integrative health approach, which encompasses everything from your diet to your thought patterns, can release the deep-seated traumas and unlock a state of wellness.
My approach is a tapestry woven with various evidence-based practices including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused CBT, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and somatic treatments. My practice is built on a foundation of holistic care, which means looking beyond the surface to address the entirety of your experience – mind, body, and spirit. I’ve seen firsthand how an integrative health approach, which encompasses everything from your diet to your thought patterns, can release the deep-seated traumas and unlock a state of wellness.
(323) 701-1872 View (323) 701-1872
Photo of Jennifer L. Collins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Jennifer L. Collins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91103  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience helping people who have depression and anxiety, people living with HIV, and trauma survivors. I also work with people who are dealing with long covid and who are struggling with the pandemic and how it continues to impact our lives. I have been a practicing psychotherapist for 16 years and I like what I do. I keep my practice small and am happy to provide referrals when I am booked. I hold a queer-affirming and trans-affirming collaborative space.
I have extensive experience helping people who have depression and anxiety, people living with HIV, and trauma survivors. I also work with people who are dealing with long covid and who are struggling with the pandemic and how it continues to impact our lives. I have been a practicing psychotherapist for 16 years and I like what I do. I keep my practice small and am happy to provide referrals when I am booked. I hold a queer-affirming and trans-affirming collaborative space.
(213) 223-6042 View (213) 223-6042
Photo of Yolanda Batres-Espinoza, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Yolanda Batres-Espinoza
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
Welcome! My name is Yolanda Batres-Espinoza, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I received my Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy at Fuller Theological Seminary with an emphasis in Medical Family Therapy. I developed my passion for psychotherapy at the age of eight when I first had a therapist of my own. From then on, I was determined to become a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and help others as I was helped during my youth. I am an LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapist and a member of the community.
Welcome! My name is Yolanda Batres-Espinoza, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I received my Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy at Fuller Theological Seminary with an emphasis in Medical Family Therapy. I developed my passion for psychotherapy at the age of eight when I first had a therapist of my own. From then on, I was determined to become a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and help others as I was helped during my youth. I am an LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapist and a member of the community.
(323) 843-5812 View (323) 843-5812
Photo of Hilary Deckard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Hilary Deckard
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
One of the bravest things you can do is start therapy! Working with me will mean having someone dedicated to supporting areas of life that have been difficult, stuck, and hard to change. Sometimes it may be assessing new behaviors or dynamics that have become confusing and surprising. In therapy, I believe listening to things spoken and unspoken has a powerful way of connecting us to untapped potential.
One of the bravest things you can do is start therapy! Working with me will mean having someone dedicated to supporting areas of life that have been difficult, stuck, and hard to change. Sometimes it may be assessing new behaviors or dynamics that have become confusing and surprising. In therapy, I believe listening to things spoken and unspoken has a powerful way of connecting us to untapped potential.
(323) 218-7847 x108 View (323) 218-7847 x108
Photo of Elena White, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Elena White
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91106
Are you feeling isolated, or having difficulty connecting with others around you in a way that feels fulfilling and genuine? You may also feel like you're too much or not enough, and seek self-acceptance and freedom from judgement. You may also be an out-of-the-box thinker or a creative person who is struggling to feel accepted, loved, or trying to find your voice, your place, or your people in the world. You may be rethinking who and what you want in your life, including your family of origin. I can help you sort through what feels important to you.
Are you feeling isolated, or having difficulty connecting with others around you in a way that feels fulfilling and genuine? You may also feel like you're too much or not enough, and seek self-acceptance and freedom from judgement. You may also be an out-of-the-box thinker or a creative person who is struggling to feel accepted, loved, or trying to find your voice, your place, or your people in the world. You may be rethinking who and what you want in your life, including your family of origin. I can help you sort through what feels important to you.
(510) 800-9768 View (510) 800-9768
Photo of Jackie Benavente, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Jackie Benavente
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
I'm a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over twenty years of experience in the mental health and addiction field. I work with individuals, couples and families. I specialize in addiction, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues/lack of motivation, trauma and family and couple's therapy.
I'm a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over twenty years of experience in the mental health and addiction field. I work with individuals, couples and families. I specialize in addiction, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues/lack of motivation, trauma and family and couple's therapy.
(818) 740-3747 View (818) 740-3747
Photo of Norma Covarrubias, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Norma Covarrubias
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91106  (Online Only)
Welcome! This is your first step towards self healing through talk therapy. As life get Busy, sometimes we need a space that is outside our family, friends, and community that can help bring fresh perspective and strategies to help bring a different outcomes with life struggles. As a trauma informed/first-generation therapist, I am honored to be a part of your journey of self-discovery. Providing support and working through intergenerational trauma that will enable empowerment in my clients to develop resilience and coping strategies that will promote healing is my main goal. Today is the day to create change!
Welcome! This is your first step towards self healing through talk therapy. As life get Busy, sometimes we need a space that is outside our family, friends, and community that can help bring fresh perspective and strategies to help bring a different outcomes with life struggles. As a trauma informed/first-generation therapist, I am honored to be a part of your journey of self-discovery. Providing support and working through intergenerational trauma that will enable empowerment in my clients to develop resilience and coping strategies that will promote healing is my main goal. Today is the day to create change!
(626) 238-0342 View (626) 238-0342
Photo of Jennifer Judelle 'jj' Brake, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Jennifer Judelle 'jj' Brake
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Please, call me JJ. Let's find ways to create stability in your relationships. I have completed the Level 3 Practicum Training in Gottman Method Couples Therapy and specialize in working with couples to rebuild the bridges of communication. I am able to work with infidelity and trauma that may have occurred in relationships. When working with individuals I can help you discover the tools you need to work through life's challenges. I believe there is a way to heal trauma, both past and present, through building a strong trusting therapeutic relationship.
Please, call me JJ. Let's find ways to create stability in your relationships. I have completed the Level 3 Practicum Training in Gottman Method Couples Therapy and specialize in working with couples to rebuild the bridges of communication. I am able to work with infidelity and trauma that may have occurred in relationships. When working with individuals I can help you discover the tools you need to work through life's challenges. I believe there is a way to heal trauma, both past and present, through building a strong trusting therapeutic relationship.
(626) 219-2913 View (626) 219-2913
Photo of Dr. Gerrian Wuts, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Dr. Gerrian Wuts
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
I like working with Adults and Couples and use RLT (Relational Life Therapy) tools to help you find healthier ways to communicate. In addition, becoming aware of how your family of origin formed you can help provide self-understanding. My goal is to help you cultivate healthy relationships that will support you in the ups and downs of life. We all experience stressors and are juggling many demands that drain or overwhelm us. As a therapist I take an active and practical approach to guide you in finding the tools that help you grow in your path forward.
I like working with Adults and Couples and use RLT (Relational Life Therapy) tools to help you find healthier ways to communicate. In addition, becoming aware of how your family of origin formed you can help provide self-understanding. My goal is to help you cultivate healthy relationships that will support you in the ups and downs of life. We all experience stressors and are juggling many demands that drain or overwhelm us. As a therapist I take an active and practical approach to guide you in finding the tools that help you grow in your path forward.
(626) 498-1107 View (626) 498-1107
Photo of Cynthia Greenburg-Dunlop, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Cynthia Greenburg-Dunlop
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Be it grief, relationship concerns, creative blocks... whatever has brought you here, one thing is certain: you want to feel better. Something in you believes change is possible, it may just be that you need a little help to get you there. My goal is to build upon that belief. I help you make sense of what you're feeling and together we will unpack the issues you wish to tackle safely, non-judgmentally and with great care and compassion. With me, you can be however you need to be and talk about whatever you need to talk about. Let's get you to the other side. (Sat & evening appts available)
Be it grief, relationship concerns, creative blocks... whatever has brought you here, one thing is certain: you want to feel better. Something in you believes change is possible, it may just be that you need a little help to get you there. My goal is to build upon that belief. I help you make sense of what you're feeling and together we will unpack the issues you wish to tackle safely, non-judgmentally and with great care and compassion. With me, you can be however you need to be and talk about whatever you need to talk about. Let's get you to the other side. (Sat & evening appts available)
(323) 831-7616 View (323) 831-7616
Photo of Patricia Ann Beal, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Patricia Ann Beal
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
My name is Patricia Beal, LMFT. I am a graduate of Mount Saint Mary's University with a Master of Science Degree in Counseling Psychology with specialization in Marriage and Family Therapy. I have been working in the field of mental health for several years both as lead clinician and a supervisor. I take an honest, empathetic, and active approach to understanding my clients, where they can feel safe, comfortable, and heard. I recognize that everyone comes to therapy for various reasons, and through collaborative discussions, we can navigate and explore those needs together, finding the best approach.
My name is Patricia Beal, LMFT. I am a graduate of Mount Saint Mary's University with a Master of Science Degree in Counseling Psychology with specialization in Marriage and Family Therapy. I have been working in the field of mental health for several years both as lead clinician and a supervisor. I take an honest, empathetic, and active approach to understanding my clients, where they can feel safe, comfortable, and heard. I recognize that everyone comes to therapy for various reasons, and through collaborative discussions, we can navigate and explore those needs together, finding the best approach.
(323) 458-6056 View (323) 458-6056
Photo of Paulina Izzo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Paulina Izzo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am currently accepting new clients. Maybe you're feeling anxious about a current situation, tired of being your own biggest critic, unmotivated to get things done, or maybe you are not quite sure what you're feeling, but you just feel off. Whatever is bringing you here today, know that I am committed to walking alongside you on your path towards healing. My goal is to support you in working through any obstacles that you are facing, from past and present circumstances, so that you can move onward in your life and into a joyful, empowered, and peaceful future.
Welcome! I am currently accepting new clients. Maybe you're feeling anxious about a current situation, tired of being your own biggest critic, unmotivated to get things done, or maybe you are not quite sure what you're feeling, but you just feel off. Whatever is bringing you here today, know that I am committed to walking alongside you on your path towards healing. My goal is to support you in working through any obstacles that you are facing, from past and present circumstances, so that you can move onward in your life and into a joyful, empowered, and peaceful future.
(323) 968-5303 View (323) 968-5303
Photo of Ruth Fong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Ruth Fong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
I am passionate about helping women to truly thrive and find meaning in life. Being a woman is hard and often comes with many expectations. There’s pressure to have a successful career and healthy relationships, to be a good mom, to look put together, to be physically/emotionally healthy... Many of the women I work with find themselves feeling stressed and overwhelmed to the point that their physical and mental health may suffer. Maybe this sounds like you. You want to look inward, find healing and regain a sense of control. You want to develop tools to manage your mental load and move out of survival mode. You want to hope again.
I am passionate about helping women to truly thrive and find meaning in life. Being a woman is hard and often comes with many expectations. There’s pressure to have a successful career and healthy relationships, to be a good mom, to look put together, to be physically/emotionally healthy... Many of the women I work with find themselves feeling stressed and overwhelmed to the point that their physical and mental health may suffer. Maybe this sounds like you. You want to look inward, find healing and regain a sense of control. You want to develop tools to manage your mental load and move out of survival mode. You want to hope again.
(626) 784-4486 View (626) 784-4486
Photo of Lauren Ziel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Lauren Ziel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Many of us have lived-experiences where we’ve been forced to disconnect from the most fundamental aspects of ourselves. This disconnection, & the beliefs we construct to protect ourselves from the pain of this, serves as the basis for much suffering. I believe rebuilding a positive relationship with your whole being (mind/body/spirit) is a fundamental principle of healing & that a safe therapeutic relationship is one way we can grow capacity for the exploration, understanding, & reclamation of self required to heal. I aim for our work to bring you into contact with the self-observer, advocate, and healer inside you.
Many of us have lived-experiences where we’ve been forced to disconnect from the most fundamental aspects of ourselves. This disconnection, & the beliefs we construct to protect ourselves from the pain of this, serves as the basis for much suffering. I believe rebuilding a positive relationship with your whole being (mind/body/spirit) is a fundamental principle of healing & that a safe therapeutic relationship is one way we can grow capacity for the exploration, understanding, & reclamation of self required to heal. I aim for our work to bring you into contact with the self-observer, advocate, and healer inside you.
(626) 469-7618 View (626) 469-7618
Photo of Greg Gearn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Greg Gearn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
The past few years have been rough on everyone and - while things are looking up - it has taken a toll. Problems that may have been manageable before are more challenging to deal with. Relationships, careers, and families; all are suffering, Therapy can help, and I hope, if you are struggling, you will reach out and let me help.
The past few years have been rough on everyone and - while things are looking up - it has taken a toll. Problems that may have been manageable before are more challenging to deal with. Relationships, careers, and families; all are suffering, Therapy can help, and I hope, if you are struggling, you will reach out and let me help.
(213) 926-3802 View (213) 926-3802
Photo of Patricia Morales, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Patricia Morales
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107
I have over a decade of training and experience providing therapy to children, adolescences and adults. I believe that people have a great deal of resiliancy and strength and that there are times in our lives that we need help to uncover and remember how strong we are. I work with people to uncover their own strengths to help themselves out of any situation that arises in their lives. I have a great deal of experience in treating trauma related disorder such as depression and anxiety.
I have over a decade of training and experience providing therapy to children, adolescences and adults. I believe that people have a great deal of resiliancy and strength and that there are times in our lives that we need help to uncover and remember how strong we are. I work with people to uncover their own strengths to help themselves out of any situation that arises in their lives. I have a great deal of experience in treating trauma related disorder such as depression and anxiety.
(626) 551-4880 View (626) 551-4880

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.