Therapists in Pasadena, CA

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Photo of Maria Ruelas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Maria Ruelas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
I am a Bilingual (Spanish speaking) Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes working with children, young adults, and families. I earned my master's degree from USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and my doctorate degree at USC Rossier School of Education. I am a highly motivated and passionate individual who is committed to providing excellent clinical interventions and outreach services regarding mental health and wellness to any of my clients. I am self-aware and culturally competent as I have had the opportunity to work with individuals from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and experiences.
I am a Bilingual (Spanish speaking) Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes working with children, young adults, and families. I earned my master's degree from USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and my doctorate degree at USC Rossier School of Education. I am a highly motivated and passionate individual who is committed to providing excellent clinical interventions and outreach services regarding mental health and wellness to any of my clients. I am self-aware and culturally competent as I have had the opportunity to work with individuals from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and experiences.
(323) 997-8715 View (323) 997-8715
Photo of Anna Ayeroff, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Anna Ayeroff
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
It's not all in your head! In a culture that marginalizes and dismisses people’s pain, many of us are left needing to feel heard. I specialize in work with individuals and couples navigating pelvic, sexual, and chronic pain for this reason. Here, your stories will be listened to, your experiences validated, and your pain believed. Whether you’re navigating chronic pelvic pain caused by a condition like endometriosis, or you’re a couple navigating illness, infertility, or painful sex, I’m here to offer you support. This pain is not just a physical experience, it’s emotional and relational.
It's not all in your head! In a culture that marginalizes and dismisses people’s pain, many of us are left needing to feel heard. I specialize in work with individuals and couples navigating pelvic, sexual, and chronic pain for this reason. Here, your stories will be listened to, your experiences validated, and your pain believed. Whether you’re navigating chronic pelvic pain caused by a condition like endometriosis, or you’re a couple navigating illness, infertility, or painful sex, I’m here to offer you support. This pain is not just a physical experience, it’s emotional and relational.
(323) 417-9837 View (323) 417-9837
Photo of T Joshua Tan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
T Joshua Tan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Is anxiety, depression, or trauma holding you back from being your true self? Do you feel stuck in managing difficult life transitions? Now, every little thing becomes super overwhelming. Those negative experiences reopen old wounds and cause new ones. You tried burying your pain hoping it would go away. You feel lonely and tormented. You feel exhausted, stressed, and angry all the time. You wonder how much more you can take. You are unsure of who or where to turn for help. In the midst of this painful journey, you do not have to go through it alone.
Is anxiety, depression, or trauma holding you back from being your true self? Do you feel stuck in managing difficult life transitions? Now, every little thing becomes super overwhelming. Those negative experiences reopen old wounds and cause new ones. You tried burying your pain hoping it would go away. You feel lonely and tormented. You feel exhausted, stressed, and angry all the time. You wonder how much more you can take. You are unsure of who or where to turn for help. In the midst of this painful journey, you do not have to go through it alone.
(626) 314-7406 View (626) 314-7406
Photo of Catherine Gray, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Catherine Gray
Psychologist, PsyD, MAT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
I specialize in culturally sensitive solution-focused help and clinical therapy for adults and teenagers, ages 17 and up. As a psychologist, I am devoted to improving quality of life and relationships, as well as symptoms. My approach to therapy is interpersonal, integrative and evidence-based, adapted for unique needs and values.
I specialize in culturally sensitive solution-focused help and clinical therapy for adults and teenagers, ages 17 and up. As a psychologist, I am devoted to improving quality of life and relationships, as well as symptoms. My approach to therapy is interpersonal, integrative and evidence-based, adapted for unique needs and values.
(626) 524-2157 View (626) 524-2157
Photo of Isabella (Bella) Shirinyan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Isabella (Bella) Shirinyan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Navigating personal struggles often leaves us feeling alone, anxious, and disconnected. This experience can become even more intense when dealing with issues such as eating disorders, trauma, depression, anxiety, life transitions, bipolar disorder, and co-occurring conditions. I specialize in helping individuals navigate these challenges. Collaborating with psychiatrists, doctors, and dietitians, we form a holistic support team, going beyond traditional methods for comprehensive healing. We aim to equip you with tools for emotional, physical, and mental wellness, enabling lasting growth and resilience.
Navigating personal struggles often leaves us feeling alone, anxious, and disconnected. This experience can become even more intense when dealing with issues such as eating disorders, trauma, depression, anxiety, life transitions, bipolar disorder, and co-occurring conditions. I specialize in helping individuals navigate these challenges. Collaborating with psychiatrists, doctors, and dietitians, we form a holistic support team, going beyond traditional methods for comprehensive healing. We aim to equip you with tools for emotional, physical, and mental wellness, enabling lasting growth and resilience.
(818) 918-2237 View (818) 918-2237
Photo of Carley Mirvis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Carley Mirvis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
​I work to ensure all of my clients develop insights, overcome obstacles, and uncover the version of themselves they seek to find. I understand that in the face of challenges, this becomes an incredibly daunting task. I offer a non-judgmental and compassionate space for clients to feel heard and understood. I work with teens and adults dealing with anxiety, depression, OCD, relationship issues, divorce, and life transitions. I consider myself an eclectic therapist and focus on tailoring treatment to my individual client's needs.
​I work to ensure all of my clients develop insights, overcome obstacles, and uncover the version of themselves they seek to find. I understand that in the face of challenges, this becomes an incredibly daunting task. I offer a non-judgmental and compassionate space for clients to feel heard and understood. I work with teens and adults dealing with anxiety, depression, OCD, relationship issues, divorce, and life transitions. I consider myself an eclectic therapist and focus on tailoring treatment to my individual client's needs.
(323) 576-7177 View (323) 576-7177
Photo of Sally Stephens, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Sally Stephens
Psychologist, PhD, JD, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Are you depressed or anxious and struggling. You may feel alone and unseen. Psychotherapy and the resultant therapeutic relationship can be a safe place for self exploration and finding new ways to get support and connection. We deal with the underlying reasons, trauma, self esteem early childhood treatment. Relationships may be suffering, work maybe suffering, let’s work together for change and relief.
Are you depressed or anxious and struggling. You may feel alone and unseen. Psychotherapy and the resultant therapeutic relationship can be a safe place for self exploration and finding new ways to get support and connection. We deal with the underlying reasons, trauma, self esteem early childhood treatment. Relationships may be suffering, work maybe suffering, let’s work together for change and relief.
(323) 378-3042 View (323) 378-3042
Photo of Melinda Vyvyan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Melinda Vyvyan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91103
IN-PERSON sessions in Pasadena available on Thursdays! Trauma-informed Therapy. Do you find yourself caught in a cycle of reactions, often feeling down about yourself? Is your past holding you back in ways that aren’t helping you thrive in the present? When our past experiences control us, our ability to choose our responses diminishes, impacting us emotionally and physically, often leading to feelings of depression, anxiety, and shame. These struggles can affect how we connect with others. But there’s hope. I view therapy as a collaborative and empathic journey that foster well-being on m a mental, physical and spiritual level.
IN-PERSON sessions in Pasadena available on Thursdays! Trauma-informed Therapy. Do you find yourself caught in a cycle of reactions, often feeling down about yourself? Is your past holding you back in ways that aren’t helping you thrive in the present? When our past experiences control us, our ability to choose our responses diminishes, impacting us emotionally and physically, often leading to feelings of depression, anxiety, and shame. These struggles can affect how we connect with others. But there’s hope. I view therapy as a collaborative and empathic journey that foster well-being on m a mental, physical and spiritual level.
(626) 788-8614 View (626) 788-8614
Photo of Erick Santos in Pasadena, CA
Erick Santos
LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Has trauma, anxiety, or depression interfered with the potential to become the best version of yourself? We often feel defined by traumatic or emotionally difficult experiences then often leave us feeling stuck in place rather than moving forward towards our goals. I’m here to provide a safe, affirming space for you to develop an understanding of yourself to overcome past experiences or fears that define you. Our work together will be met with unconditional acceptance, creative approaches, and the utmost compassion.
Has trauma, anxiety, or depression interfered with the potential to become the best version of yourself? We often feel defined by traumatic or emotionally difficult experiences then often leave us feeling stuck in place rather than moving forward towards our goals. I’m here to provide a safe, affirming space for you to develop an understanding of yourself to overcome past experiences or fears that define you. Our work together will be met with unconditional acceptance, creative approaches, and the utmost compassion.
(626) 322-2881 View (626) 322-2881
Photo of Hannah Levin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Hannah Levin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, adjusting to life transitions, facing grief or loss, having interpersonal difficulties, identify as LGBTQ+, or just need someone to talk to, please reach out. Hannah has clinical training in ART (accelerated resolution therapy), cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness based therapy, non-violent communication, trauma-focused therapy, and psychodynamic therapy. Hannah aims to empower her clients to access their strengths and values to navigate obstacles and challenges.
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, adjusting to life transitions, facing grief or loss, having interpersonal difficulties, identify as LGBTQ+, or just need someone to talk to, please reach out. Hannah has clinical training in ART (accelerated resolution therapy), cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness based therapy, non-violent communication, trauma-focused therapy, and psychodynamic therapy. Hannah aims to empower her clients to access their strengths and values to navigate obstacles and challenges.
(323) 310-1652 View (323) 310-1652
Photo of Orange Grove Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Orange Grove Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91117  (Online Only)
Whether you are struggling with trauma, anxiety, or depression, going through a difficult life transition, having trouble with relationships, or simply want to leave behind some habits that are no longer serving you, participating in psychotherapy sessions can make all the difference in helping you achieve your wellness goals. I am certified in Trauma Focused CBT and the Positive Parenting Program. I specialize in providing all parents with the support they need. This may be in maternal mental health, or in managing challenging situations or behaviors. I also offer holistic practices such as meditation, mindfulness, and yoga.
Whether you are struggling with trauma, anxiety, or depression, going through a difficult life transition, having trouble with relationships, or simply want to leave behind some habits that are no longer serving you, participating in psychotherapy sessions can make all the difference in helping you achieve your wellness goals. I am certified in Trauma Focused CBT and the Positive Parenting Program. I specialize in providing all parents with the support they need. This may be in maternal mental health, or in managing challenging situations or behaviors. I also offer holistic practices such as meditation, mindfulness, and yoga.
(626) 628-9271 View (626) 628-9271
Photo of Wings of The Future, NFP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Wings of The Future, NFP
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
Wings of the Future Private Practice LCSW PC is mental clinic that provides treatment for families who are required to complete court ordered psychotherapy/counseling, psychological assessment, and group therapy/classes. Wings of the Future, provides Trauma Informed treatment based on our understanding of Freudian Psychoanalytic approach that various childhood experiences form the basis for adult relationships.
Wings of the Future Private Practice LCSW PC is mental clinic that provides treatment for families who are required to complete court ordered psychotherapy/counseling, psychological assessment, and group therapy/classes. Wings of the Future, provides Trauma Informed treatment based on our understanding of Freudian Psychoanalytic approach that various childhood experiences form the basis for adult relationships.
(310) 340-2862 x1 View (310) 340-2862 x1
Photo of Chester B. Howard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Chester B. Howard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, MSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Mr. Howard has been empowering people and organizations for over 40 years. He says, " often clients become their own therapist and experience greater meaning and happiness in their lives from working together .” He is in the service of people, inviting volition and the possibility of coming to our senses. Of taking charge of our lives, with awareness of our organism, moment to moment. Sensing our senses, soul and all. The possibility of being open with change right now and making healthier choices. Preventive and recovery practices are encouraged and taught in order to heal from traumas, depression’s and anxieties.
Mr. Howard has been empowering people and organizations for over 40 years. He says, " often clients become their own therapist and experience greater meaning and happiness in their lives from working together .” He is in the service of people, inviting volition and the possibility of coming to our senses. Of taking charge of our lives, with awareness of our organism, moment to moment. Sensing our senses, soul and all. The possibility of being open with change right now and making healthier choices. Preventive and recovery practices are encouraged and taught in order to heal from traumas, depression’s and anxieties.
(626) 325-8901 View (626) 325-8901
Photo of Hilary Deckard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Hilary Deckard
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
One of the bravest things you can do is start therapy! Working with me will mean having someone dedicated to supporting areas of life that have been difficult, stuck, and hard to change. Sometimes it may be assessing new behaviors or dynamics that have become confusing and surprising. In therapy, I believe listening to things spoken and unspoken has a powerful way of connecting us to untapped potential.
One of the bravest things you can do is start therapy! Working with me will mean having someone dedicated to supporting areas of life that have been difficult, stuck, and hard to change. Sometimes it may be assessing new behaviors or dynamics that have become confusing and surprising. In therapy, I believe listening to things spoken and unspoken has a powerful way of connecting us to untapped potential.
(323) 218-7847 x108 View (323) 218-7847 x108
Photo of Kayla Robbins, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Kayla Robbins
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
We are constantly in relationship–to ourselves and our bodies, to one another, to our many identities, to the contexts and systems we exist within–and issues in our lives arise as a result of these nuanced relationships, not because something within us is "broken" or "wrong.” My work focuses on being curious about, exploring and renegotiating these relationships to help clients discover their most authentic selves.
We are constantly in relationship–to ourselves and our bodies, to one another, to our many identities, to the contexts and systems we exist within–and issues in our lives arise as a result of these nuanced relationships, not because something within us is "broken" or "wrong.” My work focuses on being curious about, exploring and renegotiating these relationships to help clients discover their most authentic selves.
(323) 927-8202 View (323) 927-8202
Photo of Melissa Winfield, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Melissa Winfield
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Not accepting new clients
As a parent, you want your child to feel confident. You want them to communicate well, make good friends, cope with hard things, and succeed academically. But it can be so hard when your child struggles with anxiety, sadness, low self-esteem or difficulty in school. You may feel frustrated and confused when they refuse to follow directions or are frequently angry. I work with children, teenagers and parents to solve challenges and find hope and resilience.
As a parent, you want your child to feel confident. You want them to communicate well, make good friends, cope with hard things, and succeed academically. But it can be so hard when your child struggles with anxiety, sadness, low self-esteem or difficulty in school. You may feel frustrated and confused when they refuse to follow directions or are frequently angry. I work with children, teenagers and parents to solve challenges and find hope and resilience.
(323) 417-8597 View (323) 417-8597
Photo of Tsoline Konialian Psychological Services, Inc., Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Tsoline Konialian Psychological Services, Inc.
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91107
My name is Dr. Tsoline Konialian. I am a licensed clinical and forensic psychologist (CA Lic. PSY19955) with two offices conveniently located in the San Gabriel Valley area of Southern California. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to assess, manage, and treat cognitive, emotional, mood, or behavior difficulties. If trauma is getting in the way of your happiness, you might find that you cannot fix it alone. Call me. Let me help you unlock the trauma bonds that are preventing you from living a happy, healthy existence.
My name is Dr. Tsoline Konialian. I am a licensed clinical and forensic psychologist (CA Lic. PSY19955) with two offices conveniently located in the San Gabriel Valley area of Southern California. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to assess, manage, and treat cognitive, emotional, mood, or behavior difficulties. If trauma is getting in the way of your happiness, you might find that you cannot fix it alone. Call me. Let me help you unlock the trauma bonds that are preventing you from living a happy, healthy existence.
(626) 817-6968 View (626) 817-6968
Photo of Christine Kreger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Christine Kreger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I'm guessing that if you're reading this then you're going through something that's making life difficult and I'm sorry about that. Maybe you're not where you thought you should be, or maybe getting through the day is your only goal. Whatever it is, I believe that therapy can help. It can provide us with some much needed support and encouragement. More importantly, therapy can strengthen and increase our self-esteem and confidence as we navigate relationships, social media, and our futures.
I'm guessing that if you're reading this then you're going through something that's making life difficult and I'm sorry about that. Maybe you're not where you thought you should be, or maybe getting through the day is your only goal. Whatever it is, I believe that therapy can help. It can provide us with some much needed support and encouragement. More importantly, therapy can strengthen and increase our self-esteem and confidence as we navigate relationships, social media, and our futures.
(818) 860-7208 View (818) 860-7208
Photo of Terra Rosalehse Horton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Terra Rosalehse Horton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PPS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Are you finally ready to take the leap outside of your comfort zone and to move in the direction you want to go toward in this precious life of yours? If you want to move past the stuckness but you do not know how, reach out. There is so much help available to you. Being in life's challenges with the support of a dedicated therapist can be an incredible opportunity to grow toward the highest and most fabulous expression of you.
Are you finally ready to take the leap outside of your comfort zone and to move in the direction you want to go toward in this precious life of yours? If you want to move past the stuckness but you do not know how, reach out. There is so much help available to you. Being in life's challenges with the support of a dedicated therapist can be an incredible opportunity to grow toward the highest and most fabulous expression of you.
(818) 435-6803 View (818) 435-6803
Photo of Kristi Wollbrink, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Kristi Wollbrink
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
You feel frustrated at this continual sense of stress and anxiety, which is causing you to feel disconnected from the things and people you love. It may feel as if you have even lost the sense of connection with your own self. It doesn’t have to seem impossible to find a place of rediscovering a greater connection within yourself and the things that matter most to you.
You feel frustrated at this continual sense of stress and anxiety, which is causing you to feel disconnected from the things and people you love. It may feel as if you have even lost the sense of connection with your own self. It doesn’t have to seem impossible to find a place of rediscovering a greater connection within yourself and the things that matter most to you.
(562) 600-9146 View (562) 600-9146

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.