Therapists in Pasadena, CA

View neighborhoods in Pasadena
Photo of Audrey Ham, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Audrey Ham
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Telehealth Available: Compassionate Practice with an Open Mind is my motto. Everyone has the power to alter upsetting or confusing feelings, thoughts and behaviors through personal exploration and insight. My aim is to address the specific issues that have led you to therapy at this time of your life. I use therapeutic approaches that are compatible with your unique personality, problems and learning style. Clients describe my approach as caring and compassionate but at the same time straight forward. I am committed to accompanying you on your personal journey towards better mental health.
Telehealth Available: Compassionate Practice with an Open Mind is my motto. Everyone has the power to alter upsetting or confusing feelings, thoughts and behaviors through personal exploration and insight. My aim is to address the specific issues that have led you to therapy at this time of your life. I use therapeutic approaches that are compatible with your unique personality, problems and learning style. Clients describe my approach as caring and compassionate but at the same time straight forward. I am committed to accompanying you on your personal journey towards better mental health.
(626) 385-7953 View (626) 385-7953
Photo of Stephanie Howard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Stephanie Howard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Hello and Welcome to my therapy practice! It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey. For the last 17 years I have partnered with people as a mental health provider to reach their goals of emotional healing and wellness. I have worked in a variety of settings including inpatient and outpatient mental health facilities, schools, and community-based non-profits and clinics.
Hello and Welcome to my therapy practice! It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey. For the last 17 years I have partnered with people as a mental health provider to reach their goals of emotional healing and wellness. I have worked in a variety of settings including inpatient and outpatient mental health facilities, schools, and community-based non-profits and clinics.
(626) 609-7564 View (626) 609-7564
Photo of Grace Kuo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Grace Kuo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91106  (Online Only)
Welcome to a journey of self-discovery, growth, and empowerment. As a therapist, my passion lies in guiding adults who are committed to becoming the best versions of themselves. Whether you're striving to overcome personal or professional obstacles, seeking improved relationships, or simply yearning for a deeper connection with yourself, I'm here to support and empower you every step of the way.
Welcome to a journey of self-discovery, growth, and empowerment. As a therapist, my passion lies in guiding adults who are committed to becoming the best versions of themselves. Whether you're striving to overcome personal or professional obstacles, seeking improved relationships, or simply yearning for a deeper connection with yourself, I'm here to support and empower you every step of the way.
(626) 726-8462 View (626) 726-8462
Photo of Abigail A Wambaugh, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Abigail A Wambaugh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
The process of finding a therapist can often be a daunting first step, and it can be difficult to know who to trust and who can help. A good fit with a therapist includes a feeling of safety and a belief that your therapist has the ability to help you. Clients who find themselves at home in my practice are people who experience chronic depression or anxiety, individuals with a history of family wounding, individuals with relationship or identity issues, couples with difficulty resolving arguments, teens in crisis, and those feeling stuck or in transition.
The process of finding a therapist can often be a daunting first step, and it can be difficult to know who to trust and who can help. A good fit with a therapist includes a feeling of safety and a belief that your therapist has the ability to help you. Clients who find themselves at home in my practice are people who experience chronic depression or anxiety, individuals with a history of family wounding, individuals with relationship or identity issues, couples with difficulty resolving arguments, teens in crisis, and those feeling stuck or in transition.
(323) 825-6962 View (323) 825-6962
Photo of Celebrity Blockton-Gonzalez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Celebrity Blockton-Gonzalez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105  (Online Only)
I help people come face to face with the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that keep them feeling stuck and unfulfilled in life, marriage, and important relationships. I am passionate about helping people live a healthy and meaningful life as well as helping marriages and relationships thrive. While I believe that the past is important to understand the present and develop self-compassion, our work together will largely focus on the present. We will spend time processing your experiences as well as developing skills and tools to best support you on your growth journey.
I help people come face to face with the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that keep them feeling stuck and unfulfilled in life, marriage, and important relationships. I am passionate about helping people live a healthy and meaningful life as well as helping marriages and relationships thrive. While I believe that the past is important to understand the present and develop self-compassion, our work together will largely focus on the present. We will spend time processing your experiences as well as developing skills and tools to best support you on your growth journey.
(510) 767-0741 View (510) 767-0741
Photo of Callae Walcott-Rounds, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Callae Walcott-Rounds
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
There can be multiple reasons that bring someone in for a psychotherapy consultation. When a distinct problem occurs (marital separation, depression, a difficult parenting challenge, anxiety over one's relationships, self-destructive thoughts or behaviors, etc.), or, when one becomes aware of more amorphous and global issues in one's life (lack of growth, a pattern of isolation, lack of pleasure, etc.), it is useful to talk to someone with lots of clinical experience to begin to sort out and make sense of what is going on externally as well as internally. Careful listening to your particular situation is the first important step.
There can be multiple reasons that bring someone in for a psychotherapy consultation. When a distinct problem occurs (marital separation, depression, a difficult parenting challenge, anxiety over one's relationships, self-destructive thoughts or behaviors, etc.), or, when one becomes aware of more amorphous and global issues in one's life (lack of growth, a pattern of isolation, lack of pleasure, etc.), it is useful to talk to someone with lots of clinical experience to begin to sort out and make sense of what is going on externally as well as internally. Careful listening to your particular situation is the first important step.
(626) 400-5561 View (626) 400-5561
Photo of Michael Fenske, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Michael Fenske
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
The clients I work with often feel hopeless, unmotivated, stuck, or distracted. They may have difficulty managing stress and struggle to feel better about themselves. These factors can result in them experiencing distress in relationships with others regardless of the effort they put into it. Working together we can focus on establishing hope, finding direction and purpose, addressing relationship and social dynamics, and ultimately becoming the best version of yourself. Take a minute to contact me for a free consultation to talk about how we begin your journey to self improvement.
The clients I work with often feel hopeless, unmotivated, stuck, or distracted. They may have difficulty managing stress and struggle to feel better about themselves. These factors can result in them experiencing distress in relationships with others regardless of the effort they put into it. Working together we can focus on establishing hope, finding direction and purpose, addressing relationship and social dynamics, and ultimately becoming the best version of yourself. Take a minute to contact me for a free consultation to talk about how we begin your journey to self improvement.
(323) 629-8560 View (323) 629-8560
Photo of Clara I. Aparicio, PsyD, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Clara I. Aparicio, PsyD
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
I am a bilingual, Spanish-speaking, clinical psychologist. My clinical work has focused on providing holistic mental health care, taking into account cultural, family dynamics, spiritual, social-economic, and medical factors that contribute to mental health conditions. Life's journey was never meant to be traveled alone. Our experiences, life's highs and lows, are best lived in communion with others.
I am a bilingual, Spanish-speaking, clinical psychologist. My clinical work has focused on providing holistic mental health care, taking into account cultural, family dynamics, spiritual, social-economic, and medical factors that contribute to mental health conditions. Life's journey was never meant to be traveled alone. Our experiences, life's highs and lows, are best lived in communion with others.
(626) 587-3917 View (626) 587-3917
Photo of Katherine (Kate) DellaFera, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pasadena, CA
Katherine (Kate) DellaFera
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
My clients are often survivors of trauma, women, and queer people that are curious about how their experiences have impacted them and come to me to help regulate their nervous systems and begin to accept and heal all parts of themselves. I enjoy working with relationship issues, gender, sexuality, identity, and helping folks restore wholeness after surviving traumatic and upsetting experiences, particularly narcissistic abuse or emotionally immature caregivers. In our work together, we will consider how your nervous system has been impacted by your life experiences and help you move into a space of deeper regulation and self love.
My clients are often survivors of trauma, women, and queer people that are curious about how their experiences have impacted them and come to me to help regulate their nervous systems and begin to accept and heal all parts of themselves. I enjoy working with relationship issues, gender, sexuality, identity, and helping folks restore wholeness after surviving traumatic and upsetting experiences, particularly narcissistic abuse or emotionally immature caregivers. In our work together, we will consider how your nervous system has been impacted by your life experiences and help you move into a space of deeper regulation and self love.
(323) 831-8607 View (323) 831-8607
Photo of Joanna Walling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Joanna Walling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Not accepting new clients
I believe the foundation of effective psychotherapy lies in a trusting relationship and fosters one part of a path towards wholeness. Past hurts, the voice of the inner critic, obsessive worry, or that sense of doom, can leave us feeling fragmented and split off. Through deep listening in our sessions, I am to support your reconnection to a sense of Self through best practice tools, and a reclaiming of your inner resources and strengths. In therapy, I set out to learn your unique story so that together, we can untangle the pain.
I believe the foundation of effective psychotherapy lies in a trusting relationship and fosters one part of a path towards wholeness. Past hurts, the voice of the inner critic, obsessive worry, or that sense of doom, can leave us feeling fragmented and split off. Through deep listening in our sessions, I am to support your reconnection to a sense of Self through best practice tools, and a reclaiming of your inner resources and strengths. In therapy, I set out to learn your unique story so that together, we can untangle the pain.
View
Photo of German Ernesto Ortiz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
German Ernesto Ortiz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
I specialize in providing support to men seeking to gain control in their lives and are ready to take the necessary steps to make those changes. The men of today has to face obstacles in life differently than with previous generations, and navigating through all these roadblocks alone is extremely challenging for ones mental health. We all need additional support in different stages of our lives. Divorce/separation, custody issues, midlife/existential crisis, depression, and anxiety are just some of the problems the men of today have to live with.
I specialize in providing support to men seeking to gain control in their lives and are ready to take the necessary steps to make those changes. The men of today has to face obstacles in life differently than with previous generations, and navigating through all these roadblocks alone is extremely challenging for ones mental health. We all need additional support in different stages of our lives. Divorce/separation, custody issues, midlife/existential crisis, depression, and anxiety are just some of the problems the men of today have to live with.
(626) 606-1547 View (626) 606-1547
Photo of It Is Well Counseling , Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
It Is Well Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
Have you ever experienced not being able to make sense of your feelings or your behavior? Do you feel like you are stuck and you don't know how to move on?  Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and/or identity issues, I am equipped to walk along side you in this progressive journey.  I utilize  psychoanalytic, CBT, EMDR and trauma informed to treat a wide variety of emotional issues. What does that mean? My goal through therapy is to improve your self awareness so that you would have a clear understanding of your current behavior, which might have been caused unconsciously by past experiences.
Have you ever experienced not being able to make sense of your feelings or your behavior? Do you feel like you are stuck and you don't know how to move on?  Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and/or identity issues, I am equipped to walk along side you in this progressive journey.  I utilize  psychoanalytic, CBT, EMDR and trauma informed to treat a wide variety of emotional issues. What does that mean? My goal through therapy is to improve your self awareness so that you would have a clear understanding of your current behavior, which might have been caused unconsciously by past experiences.
(626) 314-7653 View (626) 314-7653
Photo of Terra Rosalehse Horton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Terra Rosalehse Horton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PPS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Are you finally ready to take the leap outside of your comfort zone and to move in the direction you want to go toward in this precious life of yours? If you want to move past the stuckness but you do not know how, reach out. There is so much help available to you. Being in life's challenges with the support of a dedicated therapist can be an incredible opportunity to grow toward the highest and most fabulous expression of you.
Are you finally ready to take the leap outside of your comfort zone and to move in the direction you want to go toward in this precious life of yours? If you want to move past the stuckness but you do not know how, reach out. There is so much help available to you. Being in life's challenges with the support of a dedicated therapist can be an incredible opportunity to grow toward the highest and most fabulous expression of you.
(818) 435-6803 View (818) 435-6803
Photo of Rebecca Spear, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Rebecca Spear
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Clients seek me out sometimes years into trying typical CBT/DBT life-skills therapies. They feel they need something more than self-regulation skills to feel understood, desiring to know themselves on a deeper plane of existence. My depth psychology approach is a soulful dive into Psyche: the Jungian unity of unconscious Dreams, Motivators, and Shadow, -married to your consciously-lived life. When unconscious patterns conflict with our known desires, we become stuck, feeling anxiety, depression, disconnected from ourselves and from humanity. Is it time to embark on a different journey of self-discovery? Schedule a free consultation!
Clients seek me out sometimes years into trying typical CBT/DBT life-skills therapies. They feel they need something more than self-regulation skills to feel understood, desiring to know themselves on a deeper plane of existence. My depth psychology approach is a soulful dive into Psyche: the Jungian unity of unconscious Dreams, Motivators, and Shadow, -married to your consciously-lived life. When unconscious patterns conflict with our known desires, we become stuck, feeling anxiety, depression, disconnected from ourselves and from humanity. Is it time to embark on a different journey of self-discovery? Schedule a free consultation!
(626) 263-6240 View (626) 263-6240
Photo of Holly Pelz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Holly Pelz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
When I think about what brings you here, I imagine there's something in your life causing you pain or overwhelm. I have found, both personally and professionally, that often when we're experiencing big emotions, we're sitting with them alone. It takes a great deal of courage to reach out and ask for help, and it's an honor and privilege for me to come alongside you as you seek to feel and heal.
When I think about what brings you here, I imagine there's something in your life causing you pain or overwhelm. I have found, both personally and professionally, that often when we're experiencing big emotions, we're sitting with them alone. It takes a great deal of courage to reach out and ask for help, and it's an honor and privilege for me to come alongside you as you seek to feel and heal.
(626) 714-2818 View (626) 714-2818
Photo of David Highfill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
David Highfill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Many of you will experience dramatic and sometimes shocking changes in your or your loved one's health, relationships or careers. I have over 25 years of experience helping people and their families cope with a wide variety of chronic and terminal illness, relationship changes, adjustment, grief and loss. Using your strengths, I will help you work through these difficult changes to help you adjust to their impact on you and your loved ones.
Many of you will experience dramatic and sometimes shocking changes in your or your loved one's health, relationships or careers. I have over 25 years of experience helping people and their families cope with a wide variety of chronic and terminal illness, relationship changes, adjustment, grief and loss. Using your strengths, I will help you work through these difficult changes to help you adjust to their impact on you and your loved ones.
(626) 594-4648 View (626) 594-4648
Photo of James Graves, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
James Graves
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Are you dealing memory concerns as you age? Experiencing anxiety about the possibility that memory problems could lead to dementia? Do you want to have a clearer picture of what the memory issues mean and to be provided with specific helpful suggestions in a non-judgmental and caring environment. My style is relaxed but engaging in order to make each assessment or therapy session a meaningful experience. I bring to each meeting a perspective that is shaped not only by my education and training but also by a wide variety of experiences over seven decades of life.
Are you dealing memory concerns as you age? Experiencing anxiety about the possibility that memory problems could lead to dementia? Do you want to have a clearer picture of what the memory issues mean and to be provided with specific helpful suggestions in a non-judgmental and caring environment. My style is relaxed but engaging in order to make each assessment or therapy session a meaningful experience. I bring to each meeting a perspective that is shaped not only by my education and training but also by a wide variety of experiences over seven decades of life.
(626) 869-9926 View (626) 869-9926
Photo of Michelle Cantrell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pasadena, CA
Michelle Cantrell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
You’re smart. You get things done. People look up to you and turn to you for advice. You have done well in your life. The one thing you can’t seem to figure out are relationships. Sometimes you might even wonder if you really need anyone else. The truth is, you want to share your life with someone but you find that you keep getting stuck in the same negative patterns and you have no idea how to get unstuck. That's where I come in. I love helping people thrive in their most important relationships.
You’re smart. You get things done. People look up to you and turn to you for advice. You have done well in your life. The one thing you can’t seem to figure out are relationships. Sometimes you might even wonder if you really need anyone else. The truth is, you want to share your life with someone but you find that you keep getting stuck in the same negative patterns and you have no idea how to get unstuck. That's where I come in. I love helping people thrive in their most important relationships.
(571) 520-8410 View (571) 520-8410
Photo of Melissa Winfield, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Melissa Winfield
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Not accepting new clients
As a parent, you want your child to feel confident. You want them to communicate well, make good friends, cope with hard things, and succeed academically. But it can be so hard when your child struggles with anxiety, sadness, low self-esteem or difficulty in school. You may feel frustrated and confused when they refuse to follow directions or are frequently angry. I work with children, teenagers and parents to solve challenges and find hope and resilience.
As a parent, you want your child to feel confident. You want them to communicate well, make good friends, cope with hard things, and succeed academically. But it can be so hard when your child struggles with anxiety, sadness, low self-esteem or difficulty in school. You may feel frustrated and confused when they refuse to follow directions or are frequently angry. I work with children, teenagers and parents to solve challenges and find hope and resilience.
(323) 417-8597 View (323) 417-8597
Photo of Hildy DiMarzio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Hildy DiMarzio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
When we find ourselves feeling burdened or "blocked", or when a certain satisfaction in life seems out of reach, it is often difficult to understand why things aren't clearer to us, or why we can't simply make the changes we want. The truth is, for all of us there is much that goes on in our psyches which eludes our awareness, but which nonetheless informs how we think, how we feel, and even how we act. So the question becomes, how can we open a window into those pockets of our inner world which somehow keep us stymied.
When we find ourselves feeling burdened or "blocked", or when a certain satisfaction in life seems out of reach, it is often difficult to understand why things aren't clearer to us, or why we can't simply make the changes we want. The truth is, for all of us there is much that goes on in our psyches which eludes our awareness, but which nonetheless informs how we think, how we feel, and even how we act. So the question becomes, how can we open a window into those pockets of our inner world which somehow keep us stymied.
(626) 945-0249 View (626) 945-0249

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.