Therapists in Pasadena, CA

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Photo of Jennifer Murdocca, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Jennifer Murdocca
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
You already possess the inner resources and capacity needed to heal. At certain times, however, we all need help gaining access to that nurturing capacity: a kind of 'Assisted Self Discovery.' When our minds, bodies, & emotions are all supported together in a safe process of present-oriented exploration, the potential for change is remarkable. I utilize an eclectic approach. Each session is tailored to your unique needs & personal goals. Long-lasting symptom relief/decreased suffering & achieving a more fulfilling life are priorities that guide my work with clients.
You already possess the inner resources and capacity needed to heal. At certain times, however, we all need help gaining access to that nurturing capacity: a kind of 'Assisted Self Discovery.' When our minds, bodies, & emotions are all supported together in a safe process of present-oriented exploration, the potential for change is remarkable. I utilize an eclectic approach. Each session is tailored to your unique needs & personal goals. Long-lasting symptom relief/decreased suffering & achieving a more fulfilling life are priorities that guide my work with clients.
(323) 387-3942 View (323) 387-3942
Photo of Stephanie Andrews, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Stephanie Andrews
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Are you hoping to improve communication, understanding, and boundaries in your relationships so that you can move towards the life and connections you long for? I love coming alongside individuals, couples and families to collaboratively address the challenges you face and move you towards your goals. Relationships can be strained or become challenging for so many reasons. Sometimes we need support to find the best way forward in our relationship to ourself, our peers, our colleagues, or our loved ones. Congratulations on taking step towards prioritizing yourself in this way. I look forward to connecting with you!
Are you hoping to improve communication, understanding, and boundaries in your relationships so that you can move towards the life and connections you long for? I love coming alongside individuals, couples and families to collaboratively address the challenges you face and move you towards your goals. Relationships can be strained or become challenging for so many reasons. Sometimes we need support to find the best way forward in our relationship to ourself, our peers, our colleagues, or our loved ones. Congratulations on taking step towards prioritizing yourself in this way. I look forward to connecting with you!
(657) 300-4971 View (657) 300-4971
Photo of Keith Valone, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Keith Valone
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD, MSCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
I am the Clinical Director of The Arroyos Treatment Centers. Our licensed clinical psychologists and board-certified psychiatrists offer integrated psychotherapy and medication management for depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, OCD, psychosis, and substance use disorders. We provide in-person psychological and telehealth psychiatric services in metro Los Angeles and telehealth psychological and psychiatric services throughout California and Hawaii. We offer individual therapy, couples and family therapy, group therapy, psychological testing, and medication management. For more information, please call (877) 884-8272.
I am the Clinical Director of The Arroyos Treatment Centers. Our licensed clinical psychologists and board-certified psychiatrists offer integrated psychotherapy and medication management for depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, OCD, psychosis, and substance use disorders. We provide in-person psychological and telehealth psychiatric services in metro Los Angeles and telehealth psychological and psychiatric services throughout California and Hawaii. We offer individual therapy, couples and family therapy, group therapy, psychological testing, and medication management. For more information, please call (877) 884-8272.
(877) 884-8272 View (877) 884-8272
Photo of Dr. Yesim Keskin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Dr. Yesim Keskin
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91107  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck and unsure where to turn next? Wondering how to balance life's demands with self-care? Seeking strategies to navigate through challenges? I’m here to help you navigate through the issues of anxiety, depression, addictions, cultural clashes, complicated relationships, or major life transitions. My approach is primarily strength-based and I have 16+ years of clinical experience utilizing evidence-based modalities like CBT, DBT, and EMDR. Also, I am a tenured professor of psychology and director of clinical training.
Feeling stuck and unsure where to turn next? Wondering how to balance life's demands with self-care? Seeking strategies to navigate through challenges? I’m here to help you navigate through the issues of anxiety, depression, addictions, cultural clashes, complicated relationships, or major life transitions. My approach is primarily strength-based and I have 16+ years of clinical experience utilizing evidence-based modalities like CBT, DBT, and EMDR. Also, I am a tenured professor of psychology and director of clinical training.
(626) 263-4682 View (626) 263-4682
Photo of Karyn A Anderson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Karyn A Anderson, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91104  (Online Only)
I have 33 years of expertise treating a wide range of diagnostic and ethnically diverse patients. I strive, to find the best theoretic orientation that works best with the individuality of each patient. Some of the issues that I specialize in treating are grief, loss, transgender adjustment, anxiety, depression, bipolar, LGBTQ relationships, anger, grief,
I have 33 years of expertise treating a wide range of diagnostic and ethnically diverse patients. I strive, to find the best theoretic orientation that works best with the individuality of each patient. Some of the issues that I specialize in treating are grief, loss, transgender adjustment, anxiety, depression, bipolar, LGBTQ relationships, anger, grief,
(323) 475-6357 View (323) 475-6357
Photo of Jennifer Duke Psychotherapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Jennifer Duke Psychotherapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
You deserve to be happy, and my goal is to get you there. Together we can explore the issues at hand and develop a plan that allows you to move forward, confidently. Do you feel like life has become unmanageable? Are you unsure of the next step? Do you feel like you and your partner are more like roommates instead of romantic partners?
You deserve to be happy, and my goal is to get you there. Together we can explore the issues at hand and develop a plan that allows you to move forward, confidently. Do you feel like life has become unmanageable? Are you unsure of the next step? Do you feel like you and your partner are more like roommates instead of romantic partners?
(626) 317-8665 View (626) 317-8665
Megan McDonald
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
I work with individuals, couples, and families including children, adolescents, and adults. I use various approaches, including psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapies. My goal is to provide a supportive and comfortable environment tailored my clients' individual needs to help them reach the personal growth they are looking for.
I work with individuals, couples, and families including children, adolescents, and adults. I use various approaches, including psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapies. My goal is to provide a supportive and comfortable environment tailored my clients' individual needs to help them reach the personal growth they are looking for.
(626) 921-2885 View (626) 921-2885
Photo of Kim Owens, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Kim Owens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
Kim Owens is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who started practicing in 2010. She has Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. Kim believes in a treatment philosophy that is strength-based and client-centered. She strives to provide a nurturing, supportive, environment and meet the client where they are, identifying and using their personal strengths to improve other areas that they are working on together.
Kim Owens is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who started practicing in 2010. She has Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. Kim believes in a treatment philosophy that is strength-based and client-centered. She strives to provide a nurturing, supportive, environment and meet the client where they are, identifying and using their personal strengths to improve other areas that they are working on together.
(323) 987-6594 View (323) 987-6594
Photo of Aisha Byrd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Aisha Byrd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
There's a well known proverb that says "Love your neighbors as you love yourself," but to do that you must first accept and love yourself, and then your light will radiate onto others. Are you in a place where you can love others? Or do you find yourself pouring more and more from an empty cup? Or could it be that you're just stuck, paralyzed by your fears and the unknown, and just don't know how and when to take that next step? Likewise, have you completed a round of therapy, and just need the support, encouragement, or just a "Refresher" to maintain the gains you've made in therapy?
There's a well known proverb that says "Love your neighbors as you love yourself," but to do that you must first accept and love yourself, and then your light will radiate onto others. Are you in a place where you can love others? Or do you find yourself pouring more and more from an empty cup? Or could it be that you're just stuck, paralyzed by your fears and the unknown, and just don't know how and when to take that next step? Likewise, have you completed a round of therapy, and just need the support, encouragement, or just a "Refresher" to maintain the gains you've made in therapy?
(818) 873-2261 View (818) 873-2261
Photo of Megan McGrath, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Megan McGrath
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107
Not accepting new clients
Feeling stuck in a job? A relationship? In your own life? Is something bothering you, but you have found that it is hard to put your thoughts into words or find someone to talk to? I help clients address issues related to relationships, depression, anxiety, anger, addiction, stressful or traumatic events and work toward their goals of becoming healthier, happier, and enjoying a more fulfilling life. My goal in therapy is to foster a collaborative and non-judgmental relationship that allows you to safely explore whatever is troubling you, and to build on the strengths and resources you already possess.
Feeling stuck in a job? A relationship? In your own life? Is something bothering you, but you have found that it is hard to put your thoughts into words or find someone to talk to? I help clients address issues related to relationships, depression, anxiety, anger, addiction, stressful or traumatic events and work toward their goals of becoming healthier, happier, and enjoying a more fulfilling life. My goal in therapy is to foster a collaborative and non-judgmental relationship that allows you to safely explore whatever is troubling you, and to build on the strengths and resources you already possess.
(626) 722-5158 View (626) 722-5158
Photo of Kelly Albrecht, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pasadena, CA
Kelly Albrecht
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Are you struggling to process depression, anxiety, relationship/family issues, and trauma? These emotional ruptures can cause major disruptions in our lives. The work to process these types of life events is multifaceted, and I can help you identify your feelings and potential relational patterns, build tolerance and acceptance around challenging ones, and set meaningful goals. In order to do so, I utilize various therapeutic approaches consisting of ACT, CBT, and Problem Solving Therapy and somatic interventions.
Are you struggling to process depression, anxiety, relationship/family issues, and trauma? These emotional ruptures can cause major disruptions in our lives. The work to process these types of life events is multifaceted, and I can help you identify your feelings and potential relational patterns, build tolerance and acceptance around challenging ones, and set meaningful goals. In order to do so, I utilize various therapeutic approaches consisting of ACT, CBT, and Problem Solving Therapy and somatic interventions.
(626) 790-2865 View (626) 790-2865
Photo of Glenda Corstorphine, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Glenda Corstorphine
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with people who are open to looking at themselves in new and different ways. I help clients explore how their issues develop and how to make healthy choices toward change. I believe we are all influenced by our most important relationships and in therapy I help clients figure out how past relational patterns are being repeated right now. When we can understand that, we can create new relationship possibilities that work better. I enjoy working with graduate students and professionals in the community. I love helping clients who are involved in the arts (musicians, actors, painters, dancers).
I enjoy working with people who are open to looking at themselves in new and different ways. I help clients explore how their issues develop and how to make healthy choices toward change. I believe we are all influenced by our most important relationships and in therapy I help clients figure out how past relational patterns are being repeated right now. When we can understand that, we can create new relationship possibilities that work better. I enjoy working with graduate students and professionals in the community. I love helping clients who are involved in the arts (musicians, actors, painters, dancers).
(626) 594-9178 View (626) 594-9178
Photo of Kate Truitt, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Kate Truitt
Psychologist, PhD, MBA, MA
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Hello and welcome to the next evolution of psychotherapy. The future of health and wellness is in your hands. At Dr. Kate Truitt & Associates our goal to walk with you through healing the darker and more painful moments of life while building long-term and sustainable change. We focus on healing the past, creating the present, and building the future. Through incorporating brain science and body-based healing modalities, we focus on whole person healing and we don't stop there. It is our goal to help you design and create your most fulfilled life through providing services for full mind and body healing.
Hello and welcome to the next evolution of psychotherapy. The future of health and wellness is in your hands. At Dr. Kate Truitt & Associates our goal to walk with you through healing the darker and more painful moments of life while building long-term and sustainable change. We focus on healing the past, creating the present, and building the future. Through incorporating brain science and body-based healing modalities, we focus on whole person healing and we don't stop there. It is our goal to help you design and create your most fulfilled life through providing services for full mind and body healing.
(323) 629-4353 View (323) 629-4353
Photo of Lydia C Morris, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Lydia C Morris
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Waitlist for new clients
Life has a way of challenging everything we know to be true and sometimes our very sense of identity. We can lose our confidence and direction as we navigate the new challenges of each season of life. Within the disorientation and disillusionment of finding our way, there is great opportunity for growth, healing, and peace. I work with my clients to capitalize on this opportunity, bringing a warm, practical, and authentic presence.
Life has a way of challenging everything we know to be true and sometimes our very sense of identity. We can lose our confidence and direction as we navigate the new challenges of each season of life. Within the disorientation and disillusionment of finding our way, there is great opportunity for growth, healing, and peace. I work with my clients to capitalize on this opportunity, bringing a warm, practical, and authentic presence.
(626) 709-5640 View (626) 709-5640
Photo of Pasadena Trauma Therapy, Inc., Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Pasadena Trauma Therapy, Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
28 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
You can heal from TRAUMA. If you are living with traumatic events from your past, ranging from sexual abuse, incest, rape, humiliation, violence, and attachment wounds, therapy could be a safe space to address these injuries. Through a collaborative approach and taking into account the mind & body, we join our clients on a journey of exploration, growth, and healing. Our trauma specialists can assist you in reconnecting with yourself and your body, feel grounded, and helping you manage your life more smoothly.
You can heal from TRAUMA. If you are living with traumatic events from your past, ranging from sexual abuse, incest, rape, humiliation, violence, and attachment wounds, therapy could be a safe space to address these injuries. Through a collaborative approach and taking into account the mind & body, we join our clients on a journey of exploration, growth, and healing. Our trauma specialists can assist you in reconnecting with yourself and your body, feel grounded, and helping you manage your life more smoothly.
(818) 275-0776 View (818) 275-0776
Photo of Kellett Tighe Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Kellett Tighe Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFA, MAP, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing relationship concerns, interpersonal challenges, or employment issues? Struggling with addiction, depression, self-esteem, anxiety, or the aftermath of trauma? As a therapist, I am here to support and guide you. I am empathetic, genuine, connected and collaborative. My role is to facilitate your understanding of what is preventing and blocking you from achieving your goals, harmony of mind and repose. Prior to becoming a therapist, I have worked for over 16 years in the entertainment industry. A process of introspection led me to discover my true passion lies in connecting with people.
Are you experiencing relationship concerns, interpersonal challenges, or employment issues? Struggling with addiction, depression, self-esteem, anxiety, or the aftermath of trauma? As a therapist, I am here to support and guide you. I am empathetic, genuine, connected and collaborative. My role is to facilitate your understanding of what is preventing and blocking you from achieving your goals, harmony of mind and repose. Prior to becoming a therapist, I have worked for over 16 years in the entertainment industry. A process of introspection led me to discover my true passion lies in connecting with people.
(323) 673-2541 View (323) 673-2541
Photo of Shannon M. Byrnes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Shannon M. Byrnes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
I truly admire those willing to embark on the courageous journey towards transformation, and I am honored to stand beside them in their quest for happier, more productive and successful lives. I understand individuals can experience pain associated with tremendous fear and shame that often prevents them from living healthy and authentic lives. I facilitate a nurturing environment for individuals, couples and adolescents seeking to explore and understand themselves more fully through reflection and attunement.
I truly admire those willing to embark on the courageous journey towards transformation, and I am honored to stand beside them in their quest for happier, more productive and successful lives. I understand individuals can experience pain associated with tremendous fear and shame that often prevents them from living healthy and authentic lives. I facilitate a nurturing environment for individuals, couples and adolescents seeking to explore and understand themselves more fully through reflection and attunement.
(310) 692-9319 View (310) 692-9319
Photo of Roujin Jabbari, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Roujin Jabbari
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, my initial aim is to create a safe and non-judgmental place so that my clients are able to access and share their thoughts, emotions, and experiences with me. Through compassionate curiosity, I ask intentional questions that allow my clients to get to know themselves, their needs, and their goals for therapy. As clients process their past and present experiences with me, I help connect the dots – finding common themes and patterns that may be contributing to my client’s suffering or what we call “the presenting problem.”
As a therapist, my initial aim is to create a safe and non-judgmental place so that my clients are able to access and share their thoughts, emotions, and experiences with me. Through compassionate curiosity, I ask intentional questions that allow my clients to get to know themselves, their needs, and their goals for therapy. As clients process their past and present experiences with me, I help connect the dots – finding common themes and patterns that may be contributing to my client’s suffering or what we call “the presenting problem.”
(510) 906-8147 View (510) 906-8147
Photo of Hilary MacGregor, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Hilary MacGregor
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Are you living the life you want to live? Or the story someone else wrote for you? The world is so loud. Whether it is society, school, work, family, social media, religion, or friends, there are so many voices telling us how we ‘should’ be. With all that noise, it can be hard to hear our own voice. Living out of alignment with ourselves can lead to feelings of anxiety, loneliness, depression and psychic pain. Our job, together, is to create a calm, safe space where you can tune in to yourself, connect with yourself, learn to accept yourself, and figure out how to live a life that honors your values and the desires of your heart.
Are you living the life you want to live? Or the story someone else wrote for you? The world is so loud. Whether it is society, school, work, family, social media, religion, or friends, there are so many voices telling us how we ‘should’ be. With all that noise, it can be hard to hear our own voice. Living out of alignment with ourselves can lead to feelings of anxiety, loneliness, depression and psychic pain. Our job, together, is to create a calm, safe space where you can tune in to yourself, connect with yourself, learn to accept yourself, and figure out how to live a life that honors your values and the desires of your heart.
(323) 990-7136 View (323) 990-7136
Photo of Jaimie Velasquez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Jaimie Velasquez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Do you feel like aspects of your life have been unconsciously avoided but are now seeping through cracks? As a second generation Filipina-American, I view therapy as an opportunity to create a new blueprint on how you want to live your most meaningful life. From navigating my own journey in mental health, I have learned to be grateful for my emotions and to move towards the uncomfortable. I believe building awareness and by simply being curious around the uncomfortable parts of your life may provide an emotional understanding that could help you feel reconnected to your self.
Do you feel like aspects of your life have been unconsciously avoided but are now seeping through cracks? As a second generation Filipina-American, I view therapy as an opportunity to create a new blueprint on how you want to live your most meaningful life. From navigating my own journey in mental health, I have learned to be grateful for my emotions and to move towards the uncomfortable. I believe building awareness and by simply being curious around the uncomfortable parts of your life may provide an emotional understanding that could help you feel reconnected to your self.
(818) 643-3198 View (818) 643-3198

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.