Therapists in Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO
Ann Ramatowski Netzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
Hi! I'm Ann. I enjoy working with people who are open-minded, inquisitive and who like to challenge norms. Part of the therapeutic process is about confronting the parts of ourselves that we tend to hide and feel a bit less comfortable with. I'd like to help you get to know your whole self and walk beside you as you question some of the beliefs you've held, which may be in conflict with who you are now. Like you, I've been there and asked myself. "What do I want?" "Who am I?" and "What feels motivating and pleasurable in my life?" It's tough to feel ‘stuck’ and also, it's the start of something brand new.
Hi! I'm Ann. I enjoy working with people who are open-minded, inquisitive and who like to challenge norms. Part of the therapeutic process is about confronting the parts of ourselves that we tend to hide and feel a bit less comfortable with. I'd like to help you get to know your whole self and walk beside you as you question some of the beliefs you've held, which may be in conflict with who you are now. Like you, I've been there and asked myself. "What do I want?" "Who am I?" and "What feels motivating and pleasurable in my life?" It's tough to feel ‘stuck’ and also, it's the start of something brand new.
Maria Miller- Holistic Therapy for People
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RYT
5 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
You don't have to be perfect. Do you find yourself constantly striving for validation and acceptance? Are your days consumed by endless to-do lists, relentless self-criticism, and the paralyzing fear of being judged? Perfectionism & people pleasing isn't about doing your best—it's a crushing cycle of never feeling good enough.
Your inner critic is always watching, always judging, never satisfied. The result? Chronic stress, anxiety, and a profound sense of exhaustion that leaves you feeling trapped and depleted. I get it, I've been there, and there is a way out.
You don't have to be perfect. Do you find yourself constantly striving for validation and acceptance? Are your days consumed by endless to-do lists, relentless self-criticism, and the paralyzing fear of being judged? Perfectionism & people pleasing isn't about doing your best—it's a crushing cycle of never feeling good enough.
Your inner critic is always watching, always judging, never satisfied. The result? Chronic stress, anxiety, and a profound sense of exhaustion that leaves you feeling trapped and depleted. I get it, I've been there, and there is a way out.
Paige Lynch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
Life experiences can shape how we see ourselves and relate to others. You may find yourself overperforming, people‑pleasing, or trying to prove you’re “good enough.” These patterns often develop in response to trauma and can leave you feeling disconnected or unsafe. Trauma can come from many experiences and affect your thoughts, emotions, and relationships. If you’re seeking deeper healing, you may be a good fit for my practice. As a certified EMDR therapist, I help clients heal trauma and build greater safety, resilience, and self‑trust in daily life.
Life experiences can shape how we see ourselves and relate to others. You may find yourself overperforming, people‑pleasing, or trying to prove you’re “good enough.” These patterns often develop in response to trauma and can leave you feeling disconnected or unsafe. Trauma can come from many experiences and affect your thoughts, emotions, and relationships. If you’re seeking deeper healing, you may be a good fit for my practice. As a certified EMDR therapist, I help clients heal trauma and build greater safety, resilience, and self‑trust in daily life.
Brittanie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
7 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
March & April Intakes open now! - You know how to juggle a million things. You’re constantly on the go and doing everything for everyone. There’s no time to stop and not a minute to spare. Sometimes you get in a flow and think, “I’ve got this!” But when you hit a bump in the road - your strong exterior comes crashing down. Suddenly everything is a disaster and nothing is working. You hate this. You don’t know why you feel this way - nothing is seriously “wrong” or “bad” in your life. You are wondering, “Why does it seem like everyone else has it figured out?” The harder that you work to get things together - the worse you feel.
March & April Intakes open now! - You know how to juggle a million things. You’re constantly on the go and doing everything for everyone. There’s no time to stop and not a minute to spare. Sometimes you get in a flow and think, “I’ve got this!” But when you hit a bump in the road - your strong exterior comes crashing down. Suddenly everything is a disaster and nothing is working. You hate this. You don’t know why you feel this way - nothing is seriously “wrong” or “bad” in your life. You are wondering, “Why does it seem like everyone else has it figured out?” The harder that you work to get things together - the worse you feel.
Ronald Laney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
3 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
Question: What if the stories you've been telling yourself, particularly those in the genre of self-defeat and -sabotage, simply aren't true? I'd be more than happy to offer a few personal examples, but, by the mere fact that you're reading this, my guess is there's a pretty good chance you already have at least one doozy of your own. Anyway, if this just so happens to resonate, I would encourage you to visit my website for more information about my approach to psychotherapy and to consider if we might indeed be a good fit. You can do so via the "My website" button here on this page.
Question: What if the stories you've been telling yourself, particularly those in the genre of self-defeat and -sabotage, simply aren't true? I'd be more than happy to offer a few personal examples, but, by the mere fact that you're reading this, my guess is there's a pretty good chance you already have at least one doozy of your own. Anyway, if this just so happens to resonate, I would encourage you to visit my website for more information about my approach to psychotherapy and to consider if we might indeed be a good fit. You can do so via the "My website" button here on this page.
Currently accepting new clients, telehealth only. Using warmth and positive regard, I will establish an environment conducive to trust and willingness to lean into change. My approach will balance listening alongside gentle and transparent challenging of unproductive patterns of thinking and acting. There is powerful scientific evidence that therapy works. I can teach you better ways to relate to friends and family, approach conflict, identify and prioritize steps toward your life goals, or change patterns that keep you stuck. Cheers to you for taking your first step toward the changes you seek.
Currently accepting new clients, telehealth only. Using warmth and positive regard, I will establish an environment conducive to trust and willingness to lean into change. My approach will balance listening alongside gentle and transparent challenging of unproductive patterns of thinking and acting. There is powerful scientific evidence that therapy works. I can teach you better ways to relate to friends and family, approach conflict, identify and prioritize steps toward your life goals, or change patterns that keep you stuck. Cheers to you for taking your first step toward the changes you seek.
Do you find yourself stuck in overthinking or constantly critiquing yourself? Do you question whether you’ve done “enough” or measure your worth by productivity or performance?
Many of us try to outthink our insecurities — promising to be more disciplined, more positive, or more confident. Yet the harder we push to change our thoughts or feelings, the more we end up feeling anxious, discouraged, or strained in our relationships.
That cycle of striving and self-correction can quietly fuel anxiety, depression, and disconnection.
So what actually creates lasting change?
Do you find yourself stuck in overthinking or constantly critiquing yourself? Do you question whether you’ve done “enough” or measure your worth by productivity or performance?
Many of us try to outthink our insecurities — promising to be more disciplined, more positive, or more confident. Yet the harder we push to change our thoughts or feelings, the more we end up feeling anxious, discouraged, or strained in our relationships.
That cycle of striving and self-correction can quietly fuel anxiety, depression, and disconnection.
So what actually creates lasting change?
Samantha Maginn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
4 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
Is anxiety getting in the way of your joy and connection with your partner? Do you feel like the black sheep, even though you’re outwardly successful? Are you driven and high-achieving, yet privately overwhelmed, exhausted, or emotionally disconnected? I work with adults and couples in St. Louis navigating trauma, depression, divorce, ADHD, and major life transitions. Many of my clients are trail-blazing couples, or professionals, entrepreneurs, and leaders seeking thoughtful, depth-oriented therapy—not quick fixes—who want lasting relief, clarity, and to feel grounded, present, and fully alive again.
Is anxiety getting in the way of your joy and connection with your partner? Do you feel like the black sheep, even though you’re outwardly successful? Are you driven and high-achieving, yet privately overwhelmed, exhausted, or emotionally disconnected? I work with adults and couples in St. Louis navigating trauma, depression, divorce, ADHD, and major life transitions. Many of my clients are trail-blazing couples, or professionals, entrepreneurs, and leaders seeking thoughtful, depth-oriented therapy—not quick fixes—who want lasting relief, clarity, and to feel grounded, present, and fully alive again.
Erin Maloney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
It is tough when you get stuck in a cycle of using unhealthy coping tools to make it through the day. It can feel challenging and scary to face what is there. You may feel lost and have forgotten or lost track of what you want from life. You may be looking for motivation, fulfillment, a way forward, and effective ways to get through life’s challenges. With all of the things you have to do, it can make it difficult to make you a priority. I would be honored to help you find your way forward. My overall approach is to help clients accept what they cannot control while working toward building a life that reflects their values.
It is tough when you get stuck in a cycle of using unhealthy coping tools to make it through the day. It can feel challenging and scary to face what is there. You may feel lost and have forgotten or lost track of what you want from life. You may be looking for motivation, fulfillment, a way forward, and effective ways to get through life’s challenges. With all of the things you have to do, it can make it difficult to make you a priority. I would be honored to help you find your way forward. My overall approach is to help clients accept what they cannot control while working toward building a life that reflects their values.
Jordan Ferguson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, She/Her
2 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
Struggling with anxiety, irritability, depression, or navigating a life transition? Are your relationships feeling the impact? Living in a society that minimizes self-compassion, slowing down, and tuning into our bodies makes it hard to feel connected to ourselves and those around us. Add in traumatic life experiences and the world can easily become overwhelming leading our nervous systems to shift into states of survival. I work to create a non-judgmental space to explore these themes and strengthen the connection within yourself, your relationships, and the world around you.
Struggling with anxiety, irritability, depression, or navigating a life transition? Are your relationships feeling the impact? Living in a society that minimizes self-compassion, slowing down, and tuning into our bodies makes it hard to feel connected to ourselves and those around us. Add in traumatic life experiences and the world can easily become overwhelming leading our nervous systems to shift into states of survival. I work to create a non-judgmental space to explore these themes and strengthen the connection within yourself, your relationships, and the world around you.
Jayree Stone
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
4 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
Life can feel overwhelming at times—and you don’t have to face it alone. I work with teens and adults who are navigating anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, or major life transitions. My clients often come to me feeling stuck, lost, or unsure how to cope, and together we work to find clarity, confidence, and a renewed sense of purpose.
I specialize in helping individuals and families move through challenges like teen‑parent conflict, religious or spiritual trauma, gender and sexual identity exploration, and the deep emotional weight of transitions such as divorce, aging, or financial hardship.
Life can feel overwhelming at times—and you don’t have to face it alone. I work with teens and adults who are navigating anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, or major life transitions. My clients often come to me feeling stuck, lost, or unsure how to cope, and together we work to find clarity, confidence, and a renewed sense of purpose.
I specialize in helping individuals and families move through challenges like teen‑parent conflict, religious or spiritual trauma, gender and sexual identity exploration, and the deep emotional weight of transitions such as divorce, aging, or financial hardship.
Have you ever wanted to begin counseling, but didn’t feel like your problems were big enough? Or, have you ever ghosted a therapist because you didn’t feel helped? Me too. So, we go it alone - doing everything to change ourselves and our relationships. We continuously find ourselves stuck between what we want to do and what we “should” do. This dilemma often shows up as anxiety, depression, and relationship problems. That’s why it’s my mission to provide approachable counseling that works.
Have you ever wanted to begin counseling, but didn’t feel like your problems were big enough? Or, have you ever ghosted a therapist because you didn’t feel helped? Me too. So, we go it alone - doing everything to change ourselves and our relationships. We continuously find ourselves stuck between what we want to do and what we “should” do. This dilemma often shows up as anxiety, depression, and relationship problems. That’s why it’s my mission to provide approachable counseling that works.
Laura Jarvis Brackett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LCPC, NCC
3 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
Whether it happened a month ago or a decade ago, trauma can turn your world upside down. By helping you create new feelings of safety within your body, mind, and community, you can move past the negative impacts of trauma to find your new normal.
Whether it happened a month ago or a decade ago, trauma can turn your world upside down. By helping you create new feelings of safety within your body, mind, and community, you can move past the negative impacts of trauma to find your new normal.
LGBTQ+ Counseling St. Louis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
While I provide individual and relationship therapy for all humans, I have a special interest and expertise in working with the LGBTQ+ constituency.
As human beings, we all struggle with feelings of not being good enough, important enough, lovable or able to love.
These feelings embed themselves very early in life producing defense mechanisms that continue to operate below the surface wreaking havoc in your life, relationships and success.
The battle is often a daily one; sometimes minute by minute. This struggle doesn’t have to run your life. Don't suffer alone.
While I provide individual and relationship therapy for all humans, I have a special interest and expertise in working with the LGBTQ+ constituency.
As human beings, we all struggle with feelings of not being good enough, important enough, lovable or able to love.
These feelings embed themselves very early in life producing defense mechanisms that continue to operate below the surface wreaking havoc in your life, relationships and success.
The battle is often a daily one; sometimes minute by minute. This struggle doesn’t have to run your life. Don't suffer alone.
Elizabeth A. Rastberger-Cavin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
1 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
I work with clients in midlife and beyond who are ready to redefine themselves, deepen their relationships, and reconnect with their sense of confidence, desire, and purpose. This season of life can be both liberating and disorienting—your roles shift, priorities evolve, and what once fit may no longer feel right. Whether you’re navigating shifting relationships, exploring emotional or sexual intimacy, or reclaiming confidence after years of putting others first, I’ll walk beside you with honesty, compassion, and a touch of humor.
I work with clients in midlife and beyond who are ready to redefine themselves, deepen their relationships, and reconnect with their sense of confidence, desire, and purpose. This season of life can be both liberating and disorienting—your roles shift, priorities evolve, and what once fit may no longer feel right. Whether you’re navigating shifting relationships, exploring emotional or sexual intimacy, or reclaiming confidence after years of putting others first, I’ll walk beside you with honesty, compassion, and a touch of humor.
Therapy is unique in that it provides the opportunity to show up exactly as you are and explore your thoughts, feelings, and relationships without fear of judgement. My goal is to provide a comfortable space dedicated to you and your needs at that moment, which can look different every day. Together we will navigate life's big and small challenges, identify any changes you'd like to make, and celebrate your growth. We might be a good fit if you are in a life transition, experiencing anxiety or depression, are hoping to improve your relationship with your body, or simply wanting to feel better - whatever that means to you.
Therapy is unique in that it provides the opportunity to show up exactly as you are and explore your thoughts, feelings, and relationships without fear of judgement. My goal is to provide a comfortable space dedicated to you and your needs at that moment, which can look different every day. Together we will navigate life's big and small challenges, identify any changes you'd like to make, and celebrate your growth. We might be a good fit if you are in a life transition, experiencing anxiety or depression, are hoping to improve your relationship with your body, or simply wanting to feel better - whatever that means to you.
Laciee Rousseau
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MEd
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
Therapy is a place where you can build safety and connection with your therapist. You deserve a space to feel heard and to share your stories without judgment, reclaim the power in those stories, and to allow yourself space to heal. As a therapist, I provide a compassionate, playful space for clients wanting to understand the impacts of their relationships, navigating stressors and life changes, and exploring trauma (including sexual abuse). My aim is to create a comfortable space where you can allow yourself to be vulnerable and unapologetically yourself.
Therapy is a place where you can build safety and connection with your therapist. You deserve a space to feel heard and to share your stories without judgment, reclaim the power in those stories, and to allow yourself space to heal. As a therapist, I provide a compassionate, playful space for clients wanting to understand the impacts of their relationships, navigating stressors and life changes, and exploring trauma (including sexual abuse). My aim is to create a comfortable space where you can allow yourself to be vulnerable and unapologetically yourself.
Kathryn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, LCMHC, NCC, MEd
4 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
I provide therapeutic services to adults, couples, families, and – if it's the right fit – adolescents. Clients who tend to take best to my approach are seeking purpose and meaning within their lives, navigating uncertainty, alienation, or perpetual conflict, and are interested in examining ways outward dynamics reflect their inner selves. In other words, my work specializes in bridging the individual to the relational, emphasizing the agency we have in cultivating our shared lives.
I provide therapeutic services to adults, couples, families, and – if it's the right fit – adolescents. Clients who tend to take best to my approach are seeking purpose and meaning within their lives, navigating uncertainty, alienation, or perpetual conflict, and are interested in examining ways outward dynamics reflect their inner selves. In other words, my work specializes in bridging the individual to the relational, emphasizing the agency we have in cultivating our shared lives.
Beth Koritz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC, CCTP, TFT-Dx
3 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
I am Currently Accepting New Clients & Supervisees! Welcome to a space designed exclusively for remarkable women navigating the intricate world of ADHD. Are you weary of the overwhelm of trying to fit into a world designed for a different rhythm? Are you tired of the constant mental gymnastics, attempting to wrangle your thoughts and emotions? Or perhaps you're seeking clarity and empowerment, eager to harness the incredible potential your ADHD brain holds. Whatever your story, know that you're not alone. As a member of the ADHD community, you're navigating a beautifully unique path.
I am Currently Accepting New Clients & Supervisees! Welcome to a space designed exclusively for remarkable women navigating the intricate world of ADHD. Are you weary of the overwhelm of trying to fit into a world designed for a different rhythm? Are you tired of the constant mental gymnastics, attempting to wrangle your thoughts and emotions? Or perhaps you're seeking clarity and empowerment, eager to harness the incredible potential your ADHD brain holds. Whatever your story, know that you're not alone. As a member of the ADHD community, you're navigating a beautifully unique path.
Genevieve Friedmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CST
4 Endorsed
Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO 63139
Waitlist for new clients
You and your partner are facing challenges that feel isolating, even when you’re together. Life pulls you both in a million directions, and it’s easy to lose sight of your own needs—and each other’s. Maybe making a real connection feels harder than it used to, leaving you feeling like you've lost a spark that was once there. You can’t seem to get on the same page when it comes to making decisions and finding the time and energy to nurture and change your relationship just isn’t happening. You want to enjoy your time together and you long for your relationship to be a source of support, understanding, and peace.
You and your partner are facing challenges that feel isolating, even when you’re together. Life pulls you both in a million directions, and it’s easy to lose sight of your own needs—and each other’s. Maybe making a real connection feels harder than it used to, leaving you feeling like you've lost a spark that was once there. You can’t seem to get on the same page when it comes to making decisions and finding the time and energy to nurture and change your relationship just isn’t happening. You want to enjoy your time together and you long for your relationship to be a source of support, understanding, and peace.
Nearby Searches for Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis
- Bevo Mill
- Cheltenham
- Clifton Heights
- Ellendale
- North Hampton
- Princeton Heights
- Shrewsburry
- South Hampton
- Tower Grove Park
- Tower Grove South
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO
20+
Average cost per session
$150
Therapists in Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:
| 96% | Depression |
| 96% | Anxiety |
| 92% | Self Esteem |
| 84% | Relationship Issues |
| 76% | Grief |
| 76% | Stress |
| 68% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
13 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
| 90% | Aetna |
| 90% | Cigna and Evernorth |
| 60% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis, MO see their clients
| 80% | In Person and Online | |
| 20% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
| 82% | Female | |
| 18% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Lindenwood Park, Saint Louis?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.