Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

Photo of Psychological Services of St Louis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Psychological Services of St Louis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Andrea offers counseling to children ages 12 through young adulthood. She strives to provide a relaxed and welcoming environment that supports the reflection of their relationships, behavior, and their emotions. Andrea has experience with treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, and Autism.
Andrea offers counseling to children ages 12 through young adulthood. She strives to provide a relaxed and welcoming environment that supports the reflection of their relationships, behavior, and their emotions. Andrea has experience with treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, and Autism.
(314) 804-0895 View (314) 804-0895
Photo of Casey Tyskowski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Casey Tyskowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel safe, validated, and supported as we work together to identify challenges and create personalized goals that will lead you to ultimately heal and feel whole again. I understand change can feel overwhelming and I will allow you to move at a pace you are comfortable with.
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel safe, validated, and supported as we work together to identify challenges and create personalized goals that will lead you to ultimately heal and feel whole again. I understand change can feel overwhelming and I will allow you to move at a pace you are comfortable with.
(314) 742-7574 View (314) 742-7574
Photo of Kaitlyn Burns, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Kaitlyn Burns
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Kaitlyn LeMasters, LCSW Kaitlyn LeMasters is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missouri who has been practicing since 2022. She earned a Master of Social Work degree from Southern Illinois University of Edwardsville. Kaitlyn believes in creating a safe space to explore emotions, developing new insights, and building new skills to improve overall mental health and quality of life. In her spare time, Kaitlyn enjoys exercise, reading, and spending time with loved ones.
Kaitlyn LeMasters, LCSW Kaitlyn LeMasters is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missouri who has been practicing since 2022. She earned a Master of Social Work degree from Southern Illinois University of Edwardsville. Kaitlyn believes in creating a safe space to explore emotions, developing new insights, and building new skills to improve overall mental health and quality of life. In her spare time, Kaitlyn enjoys exercise, reading, and spending time with loved ones.
(314) 742-9671 View (314) 742-9671
Photo of Tess Hardison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Tess Hardison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Hello! It's an honor to cross paths as you take this courageous leap into transformative change. I believe that all humans from all walks of life are inherently deserving of healing and have a great capacity to do so. Nevertheless, this is much easier said than done. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process built upon compassion, vulnerability, authenticity and mutual respect. One of my favorite parts about being a therapist is not only supporting others in better understanding themselves, but being able to witness the transformation that happens when we are able to expand our capacity to tolerate challenges and heal.
Hello! It's an honor to cross paths as you take this courageous leap into transformative change. I believe that all humans from all walks of life are inherently deserving of healing and have a great capacity to do so. Nevertheless, this is much easier said than done. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process built upon compassion, vulnerability, authenticity and mutual respect. One of my favorite parts about being a therapist is not only supporting others in better understanding themselves, but being able to witness the transformation that happens when we are able to expand our capacity to tolerate challenges and heal.
(314) 936-4619 View (314) 936-4619
Photo of James McCall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
James McCall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Are you afraid? Depressed? Annoyed? We alI struggle with these at times. If you are at a place where the situations in your life feel like "too much", I am passionate about working with you to find peace and healing in the midst of it. Together we can work to name the strengths you have that will aid you in life. From the moment you walk in, my goal is to provide you with a place where you feel safe to work through issues at your own pace, while experiencing me as an ally in your work. I strive to create an environment where clients can realize their strengths, heal from their hurts, and truly flourish.
Are you afraid? Depressed? Annoyed? We alI struggle with these at times. If you are at a place where the situations in your life feel like "too much", I am passionate about working with you to find peace and healing in the midst of it. Together we can work to name the strengths you have that will aid you in life. From the moment you walk in, my goal is to provide you with a place where you feel safe to work through issues at your own pace, while experiencing me as an ally in your work. I strive to create an environment where clients can realize their strengths, heal from their hurts, and truly flourish.
(314) 899-2129 x6 View (314) 899-2129 x6
Photo of Kimberly L Cappetta in Richmond Heights, MO
Kimberly L Cappetta
LPC, MA
Not Verified Not Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Give yourself permission to heal. See the evidence of your work in the enriched connections you create with yourself and the important people in your life. There’s no one right way to heal or care for the self, but there are strategies and approaches that can offer you a stroke of confidence and peace of mind. I approach self-care with a realization that it’s multi-faceted and unique to each of us. I realize that what works well for you may not work well for everyone else.
Give yourself permission to heal. See the evidence of your work in the enriched connections you create with yourself and the important people in your life. There’s no one right way to heal or care for the self, but there are strategies and approaches that can offer you a stroke of confidence and peace of mind. I approach self-care with a realization that it’s multi-faceted and unique to each of us. I realize that what works well for you may not work well for everyone else.
(314) 310-5597 View (314) 310-5597
Photo of Cheyenne Bauman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Cheyenne Bauman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I know that finding the right therapist can feel like an overwhelming process. That is where I come in. My goal is to provide you with a safe place to feel seen and heard. A place to thrive not just survive. I believe that therapy is designed to reflect a sense of honor and respect for someone’s story to achieve not only symptom remission but also a deeper, long-lasting sense of healing. I am passionate about working with individuals to improve their quality of life, increase internal connection, implement adaptive skills, and better their relationships with others, food, body, and movement.
I know that finding the right therapist can feel like an overwhelming process. That is where I come in. My goal is to provide you with a safe place to feel seen and heard. A place to thrive not just survive. I believe that therapy is designed to reflect a sense of honor and respect for someone’s story to achieve not only symptom remission but also a deeper, long-lasting sense of healing. I am passionate about working with individuals to improve their quality of life, increase internal connection, implement adaptive skills, and better their relationships with others, food, body, and movement.
(314) 403-1998 View (314) 403-1998
Photo of Stacey D Armstrong, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Stacey D Armstrong
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
We are a mental health counseling, private practice servicing clients in Missouri and California. We provide services to children, adolescents, adults, seniors, individuals, couples, families and groups. Our mission at Back to You Counseling and Consultation Services is to assist with your journey to mental wellness.
We are a mental health counseling, private practice servicing clients in Missouri and California. We provide services to children, adolescents, adults, seniors, individuals, couples, families and groups. Our mission at Back to You Counseling and Consultation Services is to assist with your journey to mental wellness.
(314) 310-6145 View (314) 310-6145
Photo of Joshua P Beaman-Kogan, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Joshua P Beaman-Kogan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
Many of us face challenges that affect all aspects of our lives. If you are worried about your health or the health of a loved one, your financial situation, adjusting to working from home, currently not working or afraid that you will not be able to work, dealing with increased family tensions, feeling the loss of not being able to see your family members, or the grief of having lost someone, you don’t need to face these challenges alone.
Many of us face challenges that affect all aspects of our lives. If you are worried about your health or the health of a loved one, your financial situation, adjusting to working from home, currently not working or afraid that you will not be able to work, dealing with increased family tensions, feeling the loss of not being able to see your family members, or the grief of having lost someone, you don’t need to face these challenges alone.
(314) 310-6287 View (314) 310-6287
Photo of Mary Benhoff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Mary Benhoff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Mary is a counselor, who has been practicing since 2017. She graduated from Lindenwood University with a Masters in Professional Counseling. Mary believes in Client-Centered, Solution-Focused, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Her main areas of focus include Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, OCD. In her spare time, Mary enjoys hiking, cooking, and spending time with loved ones.
Mary is a counselor, who has been practicing since 2017. She graduated from Lindenwood University with a Masters in Professional Counseling. Mary believes in Client-Centered, Solution-Focused, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Her main areas of focus include Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, OCD. In her spare time, Mary enjoys hiking, cooking, and spending time with loved ones.
(314) 274-1793 View (314) 274-1793
Photo of Female Empowered Progressions LLC, Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Female Empowered Progressions LLC
Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Mental health issues can manifest in unexpected ways. Do you experience unexplained irritability? Hyper-criticism of yourself and others? Mood swings without any clear cause? Feeling overwhelmed to the point of being unable to organize your day? If so, it's worth considering whether you may be struggling with trauma, anxiety, or depression. Perhaps you may be experiencing Relationship Trauma. Do you ever find yourself constantly questioning or doubting what you once believed to be true? Did everything seem perfect in the beginning, but now you can barely recognize the person in front of you?
Mental health issues can manifest in unexpected ways. Do you experience unexplained irritability? Hyper-criticism of yourself and others? Mood swings without any clear cause? Feeling overwhelmed to the point of being unable to organize your day? If so, it's worth considering whether you may be struggling with trauma, anxiety, or depression. Perhaps you may be experiencing Relationship Trauma. Do you ever find yourself constantly questioning or doubting what you once believed to be true? Did everything seem perfect in the beginning, but now you can barely recognize the person in front of you?
(314) 626-8837 View (314) 626-8837
Photo of Emily Klamer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Emily Klamer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I work with individuals who feel a full and meaningful life remains painfully out of reach despite all that may be otherwise going quite well for them. I work with those who are struggling with inhibition, self-sabotage, depression, and anxiety. I have worked with medical professionals, social workers, and other psychotherapists; artists and writers; professors, ministers, and community organizers. A common thread is a recognition that we each have an unconscious and could all use support in exploring what is occurring beyond our awareness, especially when our own efforts to shift painful patterns have not been fruitful.
I work with individuals who feel a full and meaningful life remains painfully out of reach despite all that may be otherwise going quite well for them. I work with those who are struggling with inhibition, self-sabotage, depression, and anxiety. I have worked with medical professionals, social workers, and other psychotherapists; artists and writers; professors, ministers, and community organizers. A common thread is a recognition that we each have an unconscious and could all use support in exploring what is occurring beyond our awareness, especially when our own efforts to shift painful patterns have not been fruitful.
(314) 310-3840 View (314) 310-3840
Photo of Steven M. Portnoy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Steven M. Portnoy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Put most simply, my approach to psychotherapy is centered around helping you come to know yourself as fully as possible. Many people come to me in search of a more depth-oriented approach to therapy. Many approaches out there right now, in the interest of attempting to reduce symptoms as quickly as possible, may miss the mark in terms of understanding the “why” of it all, the more nuanced understanding of why our difficulties and symptoms are there to begin with, how they actually may have been serving us in some way, and their connection to our relational patterns and our past developmental experiences.
Put most simply, my approach to psychotherapy is centered around helping you come to know yourself as fully as possible. Many people come to me in search of a more depth-oriented approach to therapy. Many approaches out there right now, in the interest of attempting to reduce symptoms as quickly as possible, may miss the mark in terms of understanding the “why” of it all, the more nuanced understanding of why our difficulties and symptoms are there to begin with, how they actually may have been serving us in some way, and their connection to our relational patterns and our past developmental experiences.
(314) 451-5939 View (314) 451-5939
Photo of Allie Brookens, Pre-Licensed Professional in Richmond Heights, MO
Allie Brookens
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CIT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
This one life we get is so complex. It can be unbelievably joyful, unspeakably painful, or maybe just too confusing to put words to, yet. Therefore, it is my greatest honor to sit down with you, hearing your unique story so that you no longer have to walk alone. Together we can untangle what is happening inside and around you to make life feel better, whether the issues are identity formation, loneliness, anxiety, depression, spirituality or relational struggles. There is hope beyond what you can see right now.
This one life we get is so complex. It can be unbelievably joyful, unspeakably painful, or maybe just too confusing to put words to, yet. Therefore, it is my greatest honor to sit down with you, hearing your unique story so that you no longer have to walk alone. Together we can untangle what is happening inside and around you to make life feel better, whether the issues are identity formation, loneliness, anxiety, depression, spirituality or relational struggles. There is hope beyond what you can see right now.
(314) 937-6543 x3 View (314) 937-6543 x3
Photo of Richard C. Mulligan, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Richard C. Mulligan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Dr. Richard C. Mulligan is a Psychologist in Missouri who has been practicing since 2016. He has a BA in Psychology from University of Chicago, an MS in Psychology from Finch University of Health Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, a Predoctoral Internship at Clinical Psychology Training Consortium, Brown Medical School, a Ph.D. in Psychology from Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (Neuropsychology Track), a Postdoctoral Fellowship in Clinical Psychology Training Consortium from Brown Medical School, and a Postdoctoral Fellowship from Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine.
Dr. Richard C. Mulligan is a Psychologist in Missouri who has been practicing since 2016. He has a BA in Psychology from University of Chicago, an MS in Psychology from Finch University of Health Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, a Predoctoral Internship at Clinical Psychology Training Consortium, Brown Medical School, a Ph.D. in Psychology from Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (Neuropsychology Track), a Postdoctoral Fellowship in Clinical Psychology Training Consortium from Brown Medical School, and a Postdoctoral Fellowship from Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine.
(314) 804-7857 View (314) 804-7857
Photo of Karen Ramos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Karen Ramos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
Hi there! I’m Karen, and I’m a licensed clinical social worker who helps people learn to live more meaningful lives. I work with adults and young adults who want to find joy, purpose, and ease in their lives, but struggle to make this a reality. Instead, they find themselves feeling trapped by painful thoughts, emotions, habits, past experiences, or current circumstances—including political and cultural factors that impact mental health.
Hi there! I’m Karen, and I’m a licensed clinical social worker who helps people learn to live more meaningful lives. I work with adults and young adults who want to find joy, purpose, and ease in their lives, but struggle to make this a reality. Instead, they find themselves feeling trapped by painful thoughts, emotions, habits, past experiences, or current circumstances—including political and cultural factors that impact mental health.
(314) 370-2379 View (314) 370-2379
Photo of Kelly Pittman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Kelly Pittman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
You have an incredibly difficult time saying no to friends, coworkers and family. You feel constant pressure to "get things right" and can immediately go to the worst case scenario when something is off. You have a constant critic in your head that won't stop. You can't remember what you did this morning because your mind goes a mile a minute. It's like you can't catch a break. It doesn't have to be this way; I can help. I love working with busy, exhausted queer and cis, het women and teens to help you give your mind a break; to finally find relief from your inner critic, decrease your worry and stress.
You have an incredibly difficult time saying no to friends, coworkers and family. You feel constant pressure to "get things right" and can immediately go to the worst case scenario when something is off. You have a constant critic in your head that won't stop. You can't remember what you did this morning because your mind goes a mile a minute. It's like you can't catch a break. It doesn't have to be this way; I can help. I love working with busy, exhausted queer and cis, het women and teens to help you give your mind a break; to finally find relief from your inner critic, decrease your worry and stress.
(314) 860-7121 View (314) 860-7121
Photo of Carol Dyer, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Carol Dyer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I work with clients who are struggling to cope with issues related to life transitions, addictions, eating disorders, body image, trauma, caregiving and other life demands. Psychotherapy is a deeply personal experience that can be alternately challenging, rewarding and hopeful. As a therapist, my goal is to provide a nonjudgmental atmosphere for those who wish to find balance in their lives through and beyond times of crisis or transition.
I work with clients who are struggling to cope with issues related to life transitions, addictions, eating disorders, body image, trauma, caregiving and other life demands. Psychotherapy is a deeply personal experience that can be alternately challenging, rewarding and hopeful. As a therapist, my goal is to provide a nonjudgmental atmosphere for those who wish to find balance in their lives through and beyond times of crisis or transition.
(314) 888-5196 View (314) 888-5196
Photo of Kristine Angelo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Kristine Angelo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
I have worked with individuals, couples, children, adolescents, and families for the past 19 years. I am experienced working with depression, anxiety, life transitions, loss, adjustment, grief, and family issues. Working with symptoms as they relate to current relationships and past experiences, I am an eclectic therapist, using strategies fitting to the needs of the clients. I recognize the value in making the therapeutic setting safe and comfortable, and I bring intelligence, warmth, humor, and enthusiasm to my work.
I have worked with individuals, couples, children, adolescents, and families for the past 19 years. I am experienced working with depression, anxiety, life transitions, loss, adjustment, grief, and family issues. Working with symptoms as they relate to current relationships and past experiences, I am an eclectic therapist, using strategies fitting to the needs of the clients. I recognize the value in making the therapeutic setting safe and comfortable, and I bring intelligence, warmth, humor, and enthusiasm to my work.
(314) 394-8757 View (314) 394-8757
Photo of Amie Romero, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Amie Romero
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
The pressures of life can be overwhelming. Often we can move from okay to not okay very quickly when these pressures catch up - leaving us feeling fragile, on edge, and isolated. Maybe you've had a loss or big change that you can't quite recover from. Maybe it's just the constant movement of life that’s draining your emotional energy. You want to sort through all your thoughts and feelings but you find yourself pretending to be ok when you're not because it just seems easier. Then you hit a breaking point and just can't pretend anymore.
The pressures of life can be overwhelming. Often we can move from okay to not okay very quickly when these pressures catch up - leaving us feeling fragile, on edge, and isolated. Maybe you've had a loss or big change that you can't quite recover from. Maybe it's just the constant movement of life that’s draining your emotional energy. You want to sort through all your thoughts and feelings but you find yourself pretending to be ok when you're not because it just seems easier. Then you hit a breaking point and just can't pretend anymore.
(314) 876-0758 View (314) 876-0758

See more therapy options for Richmond Heights

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

80+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
66% Self Esteem
59% Grief
58% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Cigna and Evernorth
64% Aetna

How Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
16% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richmond Heights?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.