Therapists in Kansas City, MO

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Photo of Hannah K Peterson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Hannah K Peterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Kansas City, MO 64118
Waitlist for new clients
I am a therapist with a social work heart. Helping others learn to love and understand themselves is my favorite part of the job. I diagnose and treat through different types of therapy such as psychotherapy, trauma informed care, DBT, CBT, Grief and Loss, Couples Therapy and numerous strengths perspective approaches. I work with adult patient's who struggle with depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, personality disorders, bipolar disorders and trauma based disorders.
I am a therapist with a social work heart. Helping others learn to love and understand themselves is my favorite part of the job. I diagnose and treat through different types of therapy such as psychotherapy, trauma informed care, DBT, CBT, Grief and Loss, Couples Therapy and numerous strengths perspective approaches. I work with adult patient's who struggle with depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, personality disorders, bipolar disorders and trauma based disorders.
(816) 327-1756 View (816) 327-1756
Photo of Levi Sanders, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LCSW
Levi Sanders
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LCSW
6 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64108
Not accepting new clients
I am only scheduling new assessment appointments at this time! I'm a firm believer that therapy is for everyone, no matter how scary and strange the process may be. In this safe environment, you will feel welcomed just as you are. Working through a trauma-informed lens, I have extensive training in working with fellow members of the LGBTQIA+ community while utilizing clinical and evidence-based therapeutic modalities, including EMDR, and a secular approach. I also provide gender-affirming care and emotional support animal (ESA) letters, and ADHD assessments.
I am only scheduling new assessment appointments at this time! I'm a firm believer that therapy is for everyone, no matter how scary and strange the process may be. In this safe environment, you will feel welcomed just as you are. Working through a trauma-informed lens, I have extensive training in working with fellow members of the LGBTQIA+ community while utilizing clinical and evidence-based therapeutic modalities, including EMDR, and a secular approach. I also provide gender-affirming care and emotional support animal (ESA) letters, and ADHD assessments.
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Photo of Sarita Boyette, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Sarita Boyette
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
All Services are via teletherapy. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri with 10 years of experience in providing direct mental health and behavioral counseling. I have worked with children, adults, and families in a variety of settings and for a myriad of issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma and abuse, parenting, anger management, community violence, phase-of-life problems, relationship issues, and family issues. I am passionate about helping people feel connected and whole and in helping to build skills aimed at conquering the challenges of life.
All Services are via teletherapy. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri with 10 years of experience in providing direct mental health and behavioral counseling. I have worked with children, adults, and families in a variety of settings and for a myriad of issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma and abuse, parenting, anger management, community violence, phase-of-life problems, relationship issues, and family issues. I am passionate about helping people feel connected and whole and in helping to build skills aimed at conquering the challenges of life.
(816) 200-2395 View (816) 200-2395
Photo of Abigail King, Pre-Licensed Professional
Abigail King
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am interested in helping individuals navigate trauma, anxiety, stress, life transitions, identity challenges, and relationship difficulties.
I am interested in helping individuals navigate trauma, anxiety, stress, life transitions, identity challenges, and relationship difficulties.
(816) 542-4209 View (816) 542-4209
Photo of Leigh Higgins, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC
Leigh Higgins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64116
I am a certified EMDR therapist and use a client-centered, holistic approach to my work with clients. I specialize in working with survivors of sexual abuse and assault and understand the long and short term impacts of trauma. We can work together to help increase coping skills, reduce anxiety, manage emotions, improve sleep, and overall life satisfaction.
I am a certified EMDR therapist and use a client-centered, holistic approach to my work with clients. I specialize in working with survivors of sexual abuse and assault and understand the long and short term impacts of trauma. We can work together to help increase coping skills, reduce anxiety, manage emotions, improve sleep, and overall life satisfaction.
(816) 290-6750 View (816) 290-6750
Photo of Skylar Pryor-Piazza, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LSCSW
Skylar Pryor-Piazza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LSCSW
6 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64118
Well, hello! I'm Skylar, and I believe that when we feel safe enough to let our defenses go and allow ourselves to be deeply, vulnerably seen, healing can truly begin. I'm a relational therapist who believes strongly in the importance of trust & collaboration in the therapeutic relationship. I prioritize creating a safe & compassionate space for you to feel supported as you navigate through the tougher things that life throws your way. I care deeply for my clients and offer a warm, and always honest, approach in the therapy I provide. I'm a trained trauma therapist, including Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy.
Well, hello! I'm Skylar, and I believe that when we feel safe enough to let our defenses go and allow ourselves to be deeply, vulnerably seen, healing can truly begin. I'm a relational therapist who believes strongly in the importance of trust & collaboration in the therapeutic relationship. I prioritize creating a safe & compassionate space for you to feel supported as you navigate through the tougher things that life throws your way. I care deeply for my clients and offer a warm, and always honest, approach in the therapy I provide. I'm a trained trauma therapist, including Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy.
(816) 327-7961 View (816) 327-7961
Photo of Madison Barrows, Pre-Licensed Professional
Madison Barrows
Pre-Licensed Professional
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome, I am Madison, a counselor committed to supporting you on your journey toward personal growth and well-being. With years of experience in the field of counseling and psychology, I specialize in helping individuals navigate life’s challenges, from managing anxiety and depression to improving relationships and self-esteem. My approach is grounded in a deep respect for each client’s unique experiences and goals. I utilize a blend of evidence-based therapies, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Person-Centered Therapy, tailored to fit your individual needs.
Welcome, I am Madison, a counselor committed to supporting you on your journey toward personal growth and well-being. With years of experience in the field of counseling and psychology, I specialize in helping individuals navigate life’s challenges, from managing anxiety and depression to improving relationships and self-esteem. My approach is grounded in a deep respect for each client’s unique experiences and goals. I utilize a blend of evidence-based therapies, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Person-Centered Therapy, tailored to fit your individual needs.
(816) 720-5208 View (816) 720-5208
Photo of Glenna Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Glenna Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience in various settings such as inpatient mental health, outpatient mental health, and within the Veterans Health Administration. I have been a licensed provider since 2013 and provide a variety of therapy modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy. I am an inclusive provider who is happy to offer therapy services to adults of all backgrounds. I look forward to working with you!
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience in various settings such as inpatient mental health, outpatient mental health, and within the Veterans Health Administration. I have been a licensed provider since 2013 and provide a variety of therapy modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy. I am an inclusive provider who is happy to offer therapy services to adults of all backgrounds. I look forward to working with you!
(314) 408-6216 View (314) 408-6216
Photo of Megan Fowler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Megan Fowler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Kansas City, MO 64108
Not accepting new clients
I strive to ensure you feel seen and cared for throughout our work together. Individual Therapy, especially for challenges that accompany addiction and recovery, or queer (LGBTQIA+) related issues, is a process of understanding the internal and external energies, sometimes beyond our awareness, that guide us in both helpful and harmful ways. Using trauma-informed, evidence-based approaches like Attachment-Focused Trauma Therapy, EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Bowen Family Systems Theory, we can uncover new stories that better define who we are, and what we want, and allow us to heal.
I strive to ensure you feel seen and cared for throughout our work together. Individual Therapy, especially for challenges that accompany addiction and recovery, or queer (LGBTQIA+) related issues, is a process of understanding the internal and external energies, sometimes beyond our awareness, that guide us in both helpful and harmful ways. Using trauma-informed, evidence-based approaches like Attachment-Focused Trauma Therapy, EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Bowen Family Systems Theory, we can uncover new stories that better define who we are, and what we want, and allow us to heal.
(816) 375-0980 View (816) 375-0980
Photo of Kelli Mckinney, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, PMH-C, EMDR
Kelli Mckinney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, PMH-C, EMDR
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I am currently only offering telehealth . Life can be easier said than done! If you're reading this, you've already made the first courageous step to seek help. My overarching goal is to provide safety along the journey of healing and ultimately to you experiencing a fuller, more joyful life. Choosing to share your story can be difficult, but rewriting that story can alter the way you live, lead, and love. I've personally been in the trenches, and it's my passion to walk through the pain and beauty of life with others.
I am currently only offering telehealth . Life can be easier said than done! If you're reading this, you've already made the first courageous step to seek help. My overarching goal is to provide safety along the journey of healing and ultimately to you experiencing a fuller, more joyful life. Choosing to share your story can be difficult, but rewriting that story can alter the way you live, lead, and love. I've personally been in the trenches, and it's my passion to walk through the pain and beauty of life with others.
(816) 750-2456 View (816) 750-2456
Photo of Dr. Angela Cochneuer, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LCPC, NCC, CST
Dr. Angela Cochneuer
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LCPC, NCC, CST
5 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64119
Waitlist for new clients
What it’s like to come in for therapy? Therapy is about sharing vulnerability that you may not have experienced before, or at least not experienced positively before. We’re not friends, but we have a connection that we build that is professionally intimate and caring. Therapy is about analysis and making meaning of things that you have gone through and are presently dealing with. Sometimes that presents challenges to a person, things that are occurring with us are tough to look at and face- that’s why I’m here. I will help you look at things that are hard to take in and help you to either accept and appreciate or accept and change.
What it’s like to come in for therapy? Therapy is about sharing vulnerability that you may not have experienced before, or at least not experienced positively before. We’re not friends, but we have a connection that we build that is professionally intimate and caring. Therapy is about analysis and making meaning of things that you have gone through and are presently dealing with. Sometimes that presents challenges to a person, things that are occurring with us are tough to look at and face- that’s why I’m here. I will help you look at things that are hard to take in and help you to either accept and appreciate or accept and change.
(816) 839-4938 View (816) 839-4938
Photo of Beverly Kay Riley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW, GMHP
Beverly Kay Riley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW, GMHP
Online Only
I’m Bev Riley, and for over 26 years I’ve helped adults navigate trauma, anxiety, OCD, depression, grief, addiction, and the emotional challenges that come with major life transitions such as relationship conflict, divorce, loss, and identity shifts. Many of the people I work with are thoughtful, self-aware, and capable, but still feel stuck. They may understand why they struggle, yet feel overwhelmed by anxiety, avoidance, people-pleasing, emotional shutdown, or self-doubt. My approach begins with a simple reframe: nothing is wrong with you. What you’re experiencing makes sense. Your nervous system adapted to protect you.
I’m Bev Riley, and for over 26 years I’ve helped adults navigate trauma, anxiety, OCD, depression, grief, addiction, and the emotional challenges that come with major life transitions such as relationship conflict, divorce, loss, and identity shifts. Many of the people I work with are thoughtful, self-aware, and capable, but still feel stuck. They may understand why they struggle, yet feel overwhelmed by anxiety, avoidance, people-pleasing, emotional shutdown, or self-doubt. My approach begins with a simple reframe: nothing is wrong with you. What you’re experiencing makes sense. Your nervous system adapted to protect you.
(816) 542-3948 View (816) 542-3948
Photo of Leah Kb Krieger, Licensed Professional Counselor, CST, LPC, MA, MBA
Leah Kb Krieger
Licensed Professional Counselor, CST, LPC, MA, MBA
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64110
Specializing in empowerment, trauma, anxiety, relationships, intimacy, sex, and perinatal mental health. My clients are seeking more in life. Their internal compass has led them to seek counseling services, and I am an honored and humbled passenger on their therapy journey.
Specializing in empowerment, trauma, anxiety, relationships, intimacy, sex, and perinatal mental health. My clients are seeking more in life. Their internal compass has led them to seek counseling services, and I am an honored and humbled passenger on their therapy journey.
(816) 312-5974 View (816) 312-5974
Photo of Denise Naggi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
Denise Naggi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
Kansas City, MO 64109
When life is overwhelming, it's easy to feel alone and isolated. You're being pulled in a hundred different directions and feel uncertain what to focus o first. I believe every person has the strength and resources to live a joyful life. Together, we can determine healthy strategies for you to better cope, grow and make positive changes.
When life is overwhelming, it's easy to feel alone and isolated. You're being pulled in a hundred different directions and feel uncertain what to focus o first. I believe every person has the strength and resources to live a joyful life. Together, we can determine healthy strategies for you to better cope, grow and make positive changes.
(816) 208-0844 View (816) 208-0844
Photo of Hannah Rogg, Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, LMFT, PMH-C
Hannah Rogg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, LMFT, PMH-C
Online Only
We are told we need a village to survive this world. However too often we are unsure who we can invite or trust to be a part of that community. As someone who deeply believes in the healing power of connection, it would be an honor to be welcomed into your circle as you navigate your mental health and life stressors. I specialize in joining women, with an emphasis on those within the pre- and postpartum period, as they step out of the darkness of their struggles and into the light of their strength, purpose, and authenticity.
We are told we need a village to survive this world. However too often we are unsure who we can invite or trust to be a part of that community. As someone who deeply believes in the healing power of connection, it would be an honor to be welcomed into your circle as you navigate your mental health and life stressors. I specialize in joining women, with an emphasis on those within the pre- and postpartum period, as they step out of the darkness of their struggles and into the light of their strength, purpose, and authenticity.
(816) 551-2629 View (816) 551-2629
Photo of Tyneshia (Ty) Pryor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Tyneshia (Ty) Pryor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or emotionally exhausted? You do not have to navigate it alone. Whether you are going through a life transition or simply ready to feel more grounded I am here to help. I am Tyneshia (Ty) Pryor, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience helping individuals navigate life’s challenges. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can feel seen, heard, and supported. My goal is to help you blossom into your truest self by building emotional resilience, learning effective coping skills, and working toward meaningful goals.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or emotionally exhausted? You do not have to navigate it alone. Whether you are going through a life transition or simply ready to feel more grounded I am here to help. I am Tyneshia (Ty) Pryor, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience helping individuals navigate life’s challenges. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can feel seen, heard, and supported. My goal is to help you blossom into your truest self by building emotional resilience, learning effective coping skills, and working toward meaningful goals.
(816) 542-4358 View (816) 542-4358
Photo of Megan L Bartlow, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Megan L Bartlow
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kansas City, MO 64110
It can be overwhelmingly scary to know where to begin in your healing journey. Wounds can build upon one another until it all feels like a tangled mess. Childhood and family wounds can dictate the lens in which you see the world. Looking through that lens can be complex and difficult to navigate alone. Whether the symptoms you are experiencing are affecting your current circumstances, creating self-worth issues or relationship difficulties, I love to meet you where you are at, and help you develop goals that lead to a fulfilling life.
It can be overwhelmingly scary to know where to begin in your healing journey. Wounds can build upon one another until it all feels like a tangled mess. Childhood and family wounds can dictate the lens in which you see the world. Looking through that lens can be complex and difficult to navigate alone. Whether the symptoms you are experiencing are affecting your current circumstances, creating self-worth issues or relationship difficulties, I love to meet you where you are at, and help you develop goals that lead to a fulfilling life.
(816) 209-1289 View (816) 209-1289
Photo of Ay'anna Mills, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Ay'anna Mills
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Online Only
You're functioning. You're showing up. You're doing what needs to be done. But somewhere underneath all of that, something feels off — and you're tired of ignoring it. Maybe it's the anxiety that won't quiet down. The relationship that keeps hitting the same wall. The weight of carrying everyone else while quietly falling apart inside. Whatever brought you here — this is the right move. I'm Ayanna Mills, LPC. I work with individuals, couples, and families ready to stop surviving and start living
You're functioning. You're showing up. You're doing what needs to be done. But somewhere underneath all of that, something feels off — and you're tired of ignoring it. Maybe it's the anxiety that won't quiet down. The relationship that keeps hitting the same wall. The weight of carrying everyone else while quietly falling apart inside. Whatever brought you here — this is the right move. I'm Ayanna Mills, LPC. I work with individuals, couples, and families ready to stop surviving and start living
(314) 804-1328 View (314) 804-1328
Photo of Cindy Lamb, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW, CCTP
Cindy Lamb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW, CCTP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You feel the weight of life pressing down, a persistent sense of misalignment, disconnection, or longing for something deeper. You’ve been moving through life on autopilot — feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or at odds with yourself and the world. You’re ready to uncover the hidden layers, restore inner harmony, and reconnect to your truest self. You’re seeking more than symptom management; you want to reclaim your voice, power, and purpose. You’re willing to look honestly at the patterns that no longer serve you and invite healing, growth, and a fuller expression of your humanity.
You feel the weight of life pressing down, a persistent sense of misalignment, disconnection, or longing for something deeper. You’ve been moving through life on autopilot — feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or at odds with yourself and the world. You’re ready to uncover the hidden layers, restore inner harmony, and reconnect to your truest self. You’re seeking more than symptom management; you want to reclaim your voice, power, and purpose. You’re willing to look honestly at the patterns that no longer serve you and invite healing, growth, and a fuller expression of your humanity.
(816) 624-2730 View (816) 624-2730
Photo of Brandy Harris, Pre-Licensed Professional, BS
Brandy Harris
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64111
My ideal client may be feeling overwhelmed, emotionally exhausted, or navigating grief, anxiety, depression, or major life transitions. They may be carrying experiences from childhood, family dynamics, or loss that still impact them today. Often, they’re seeking a therapist who feels genuine, compassionate, and able to sit with difficult emotions without judgment while helping them move toward healing and stability.
My ideal client may be feeling overwhelmed, emotionally exhausted, or navigating grief, anxiety, depression, or major life transitions. They may be carrying experiences from childhood, family dynamics, or loss that still impact them today. Often, they’re seeking a therapist who feels genuine, compassionate, and able to sit with difficult emotions without judgment while helping them move toward healing and stability.
(816) 466-5216 View (816) 466-5216

See more therapy options for Kansas City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kansas City, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Kansas City, MO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
93% Social Anxiety
93% Health Anxiety
93% Driving Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
72% Cigna and Evernorth
68% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Kansas City, MO see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kansas City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.