EMDR Therapists in Blue Springs, MO

Photo of Wendy Gray, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, SATP
Wendy Gray
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, SATP
2 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
Are you feeling overcome by relationships, health issues, or work? Perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed trying to keep up with the daily demands of life. Each of us has primary needs to feel safe, secure, protected, loved, and connected. These innate needs follow us throughout life and have a significant impact on our ability to experience life to the fullest. When our fundamental needs are not being met, we can experience significant negative emotions & stress. Our primary essential needs are satisfied physically, emotionally, psychologically, spiritually & behaviorally, but we have to be intentional and active in that process.
Are you feeling overcome by relationships, health issues, or work? Perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed trying to keep up with the daily demands of life. Each of us has primary needs to feel safe, secure, protected, loved, and connected. These innate needs follow us throughout life and have a significant impact on our ability to experience life to the fullest. When our fundamental needs are not being met, we can experience significant negative emotions & stress. Our primary essential needs are satisfied physically, emotionally, psychologically, spiritually & behaviorally, but we have to be intentional and active in that process.
(816) 578-0482 View (816) 578-0482
Photo of Tim G Collins, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Tim G Collins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
2 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I use EMDR as well as CBT to help clients work on changing their negative beliefs into healthier ones over time.
I work with a wide range of people all looking for real movement, not years of talking without change. Do you feel successful on the outside but unsure where life is going? Are you repeating patterns without knowing why or how to change? Has someone in your life suggested you talk to a therapist? People come to therapy when they’re struggling with relationships, social connections, or direction at work. Others repeat behaviors despite wanting to “do it differently this time.” Therapy with me focuses on getting unstuck and moving forward.
I use EMDR as well as CBT to help clients work on changing their negative beliefs into healthier ones over time.
I work with a wide range of people all looking for real movement, not years of talking without change. Do you feel successful on the outside but unsure where life is going? Are you repeating patterns without knowing why or how to change? Has someone in your life suggested you talk to a therapist? People come to therapy when they’re struggling with relationships, social connections, or direction at work. Others repeat behaviors despite wanting to “do it differently this time.” Therapy with me focuses on getting unstuck and moving forward.
(816) 727-3399 View (816) 727-3399
Photo of Rick Aldred, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Rick Aldred
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I specialize in treating trauma by practicing a modality known as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing).
As a military veteran, I have a passion for the military and first responder communities. I am also passionate about providing clinical Christian counseling to those who have a faith background. I became a counselor as a result of my personal journey with counseling, and it is my desire to use my life experiences to build empathy and connect with my clients in a meaningful way.
I specialize in treating trauma by practicing a modality known as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing).
As a military veteran, I have a passion for the military and first responder communities. I am also passionate about providing clinical Christian counseling to those who have a faith background. I became a counselor as a result of my personal journey with counseling, and it is my desire to use my life experiences to build empathy and connect with my clients in a meaningful way.
(816) 370-4363 View (816) 370-4363
Photo of Krystal Sanchez, Counselor, LPC, RPT
Krystal Sanchez
Counselor, LPC, RPT
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I offer counseling services for all ages. Whether you're suffering from depression and anxiety or you've experienced something traumatic, I can help. I can help because I've been there myself. We all experience unwanted circumstances, emotions, and addictions that are difficult to handle alone. What has been harmed in relationship with others must be healed with relationship. That's where I come in. I will come alongside you or your child and help you where you're at. I will help you gain insight and provide you with the skills to help you with your problem.
I offer counseling services for all ages. Whether you're suffering from depression and anxiety or you've experienced something traumatic, I can help. I can help because I've been there myself. We all experience unwanted circumstances, emotions, and addictions that are difficult to handle alone. What has been harmed in relationship with others must be healed with relationship. That's where I come in. I will come alongside you or your child and help you where you're at. I will help you gain insight and provide you with the skills to help you with your problem.
(816) 434-0107 View (816) 434-0107
Photo of Janelle DeBlock, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Janelle DeBlock
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64014
I am trained in EMDR Therapy and integrate a variety of evidence-based approaches tailored to each individual’s needs.
Life can feel overwhelming, and relationships are often complex. Navigating major transitions when multiple challenges arise can feel exhausting and isolating. But you don’t have to go through it alone. There is hope, and there is help. I believe therapy is a collaborative, healing relationship, a safe space where we can work together to process difficulties, discover strengths, and move toward resilience and wholeness. I’m passionate about connecting with people, offering support, and providing a nonjudgmental environment. Together, we can explore helpful resources, build practical coping tools, and begin the healing process.
I am trained in EMDR Therapy and integrate a variety of evidence-based approaches tailored to each individual’s needs.
Life can feel overwhelming, and relationships are often complex. Navigating major transitions when multiple challenges arise can feel exhausting and isolating. But you don’t have to go through it alone. There is hope, and there is help. I believe therapy is a collaborative, healing relationship, a safe space where we can work together to process difficulties, discover strengths, and move toward resilience and wholeness. I’m passionate about connecting with people, offering support, and providing a nonjudgmental environment. Together, we can explore helpful resources, build practical coping tools, and begin the healing process.
(816) 209-1509 View (816) 209-1509
Photo of Vonetta McClunie, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, OTRL, EMDR
Vonetta McClunie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, OTRL, EMDR
1 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I am EMDR, SE Advanced 2, and premarital/marital/parenting trained.
Life can deliver challenges to us via situations and relationships that we feel may be in or out of our control. At these moments, we may struggle with our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors significantly impacting our quality of life! As both a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Occupational Therapist, we will work together within the context of your relationships to restore optimal health and balance. I am amazed at the resiliency, growth, and healing of clients that I join in our time together!
I am EMDR, SE Advanced 2, and premarital/marital/parenting trained.
Life can deliver challenges to us via situations and relationships that we feel may be in or out of our control. At these moments, we may struggle with our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors significantly impacting our quality of life! As both a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Occupational Therapist, we will work together within the context of your relationships to restore optimal health and balance. I am amazed at the resiliency, growth, and healing of clients that I join in our time together!
(816) 670-2989 View (816) 670-2989
Photo of Jan Laws, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC, NCC
Jan Laws
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I help adults and teens (15+) in the Kansas City metro area work through trauma, anxiety, and emotional patterns using EMDR and Sensorimotor Psychotherapy.
I know starting therapy can feel daunting, especially after managing on your own. Therapy isn’t about fixing you—it’s about understanding your experience and creating space for change at a safe pace. I offer a calm, supportive, nonjudgmental environment where you can slow down, reflect, and begin to make sense of what you’re carrying.
I help adults and teens (15+) in the Kansas City metro area work through trauma, anxiety, and emotional patterns using EMDR and Sensorimotor Psychotherapy.
I know starting therapy can feel daunting, especially after managing on your own. Therapy isn’t about fixing you—it’s about understanding your experience and creating space for change at a safe pace. I offer a calm, supportive, nonjudgmental environment where you can slow down, reflect, and begin to make sense of what you’re carrying.
(816) 408-3725 View (816) 408-3725
Photo of Rachael Julstrom, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Rachael Julstrom
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
Our team specialize in DBT and EMDR.
Now Accepting New Clients — In-Person & Online Sessions Available Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or simply ready for change? You don’t have to navigate it all on your own. At our practice, we offer a safe, supportive space where your story matters — and healing begins. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, trauma, relationship struggles, or just need someone to talk to, we’re here to help you uncover your strengths, process what’s heavy, and build a life that feels more aligned with who you are. Reach out today — let’s take that first step forward together.
Our team specialize in DBT and EMDR.
Now Accepting New Clients — In-Person & Online Sessions Available Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or simply ready for change? You don’t have to navigate it all on your own. At our practice, we offer a safe, supportive space where your story matters — and healing begins. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, trauma, relationship struggles, or just need someone to talk to, we’re here to help you uncover your strengths, process what’s heavy, and build a life that feels more aligned with who you are. Reach out today — let’s take that first step forward together.
(816) 323-8299 View (816) 323-8299
Photo of Amanda Twombly, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Amanda Twombly
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Blue Springs, MO 64015
Waitlist for new clients
I'm licensed in Missouri and have advanced training in trauma therapies such as EMDR and TF-CBT as well as anxiety therapies like I-CBT.
My ideal client is someone who is ready for change. They know that things cannot carry on the way that they have and they are ready to take on the challenge of introspection: considering what must remain and what must change in order for them to grow. My ideal client wants to make small steady steps toward a better tomorrow. With a little humor, a lot of love, and willingness to experiment, we can work together to create that better tomorrow.
I'm licensed in Missouri and have advanced training in trauma therapies such as EMDR and TF-CBT as well as anxiety therapies like I-CBT.
My ideal client is someone who is ready for change. They know that things cannot carry on the way that they have and they are ready to take on the challenge of introspection: considering what must remain and what must change in order for them to grow. My ideal client wants to make small steady steps toward a better tomorrow. With a little humor, a lot of love, and willingness to experiment, we can work together to create that better tomorrow.
(816) 653-2297 x107 View (816) 653-2297 x107
Larson Counseling Services, LLC
Psychologist, MEd, Psychol, LPC
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I am trained in PLAY THERAPY, EMDR, Veteran's Deployment Psychology, CBT and much more
My specialty is marriage or couples counseling, ADHD and anger management, conflict resolution, and adolescent issues. I also do a fair number of psychological evaluations and consultations for various entities.
I am trained in PLAY THERAPY, EMDR, Veteran's Deployment Psychology, CBT and much more
My specialty is marriage or couples counseling, ADHD and anger management, conflict resolution, and adolescent issues. I also do a fair number of psychological evaluations and consultations for various entities.
(816) 586-4692 View (816) 586-4692
Photo of Heather Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Heather Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I incorporate evidence-based approaches including trauma-informed therapy, EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and play therapy to help clients process difficult experiences, reduce distressing symptoms, and create meaningful, lasting change.
I believe therapy works best when people feel genuinely safe, understood, and accepted without judgment. My goal is to create a space where clients can show up honestly — whether they’re feeling anxious, overwhelmed, emotionally exhausted, stuck in unhealthy patterns, or simply unsure of what they need next. I especially value creating an environment that feels comfortable, human, and supportive while still encouraging meaningful growth and accountability. I believe healing happens through connection, self-awareness, and learning to trust yourself again.
I incorporate evidence-based approaches including trauma-informed therapy, EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and play therapy to help clients process difficult experiences, reduce distressing symptoms, and create meaningful, lasting change.
I believe therapy works best when people feel genuinely safe, understood, and accepted without judgment. My goal is to create a space where clients can show up honestly — whether they’re feeling anxious, overwhelmed, emotionally exhausted, stuck in unhealthy patterns, or simply unsure of what they need next. I especially value creating an environment that feels comfortable, human, and supportive while still encouraging meaningful growth and accountability. I believe healing happens through connection, self-awareness, and learning to trust yourself again.
(816) 323-8423 View (816) 323-8423
Photo of Addison Passiglia, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Addison Passiglia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I use neuro friendly, collaborative, and client centered techniques that draw from DBT, somatic work, creative arts, and EMDR when appropriate.
Do you ever feel like your brain just won’t turn off? Maybe you’re constantly overwhelmed by stress, struggling with daily life, or feeling disconnected from others. Whether it’s anxiety, depression, grief, or neurodivergence, you don’t have to go through it alone. Hi, I'm Addi! I specialize in working with kids, teens, and young adults who feel stuck in cycles of emotional distress and want to learn how to hack their brain using evidence-based strategies. If your emotions tend to take over or you often feel physically unwell without a clear reason, we can explore those body experiences together in a safe way to improve wellness.
I use neuro friendly, collaborative, and client centered techniques that draw from DBT, somatic work, creative arts, and EMDR when appropriate.
Do you ever feel like your brain just won’t turn off? Maybe you’re constantly overwhelmed by stress, struggling with daily life, or feeling disconnected from others. Whether it’s anxiety, depression, grief, or neurodivergence, you don’t have to go through it alone. Hi, I'm Addi! I specialize in working with kids, teens, and young adults who feel stuck in cycles of emotional distress and want to learn how to hack their brain using evidence-based strategies. If your emotions tend to take over or you often feel physically unwell without a clear reason, we can explore those body experiences together in a safe way to improve wellness.
(816) 281-6228 View (816) 281-6228
Photo of Megan Fisher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Megan Fisher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
The treatment types I use are cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma informed, person centered, EMDR and cognitive processing therapy.
Let's work together and build up your strategies to manage life's stressors. Different seasons of life offer unique challenges to us all. I like to think of a session with me as us walking together talking and building on your strengths while discussing any new learning opportunities or challenging situations that have crossed your path. Life can be hard and no one should have to feel as if they have to take this walk alone. My ideal clients are far from perfect and are still more than good enough. I specialize in depression, anxiety, and trauma. I enjoy helping others with healthy conflict resolution skills.
The treatment types I use are cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma informed, person centered, EMDR and cognitive processing therapy.
Let's work together and build up your strategies to manage life's stressors. Different seasons of life offer unique challenges to us all. I like to think of a session with me as us walking together talking and building on your strengths while discussing any new learning opportunities or challenging situations that have crossed your path. Life can be hard and no one should have to feel as if they have to take this walk alone. My ideal clients are far from perfect and are still more than good enough. I specialize in depression, anxiety, and trauma. I enjoy helping others with healthy conflict resolution skills.
(816) 992-5618 View (816) 992-5618
Photo of Jessi Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jessi Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
With training in CBT, EMDR, trauma, and the Gottman method, I bring an eclectic approach tailored to each client's needs.
Parenting, parnterships, self-awareness and acceptance-relationships are complicated! I am passionate about helping people who want to improve their relationship with their children, connect more effectively to their partner(s), and better understand and care for themselves through all of life's transitions.
With training in CBT, EMDR, trauma, and the Gottman method, I bring an eclectic approach tailored to each client's needs.
Parenting, parnterships, self-awareness and acceptance-relationships are complicated! I am passionate about helping people who want to improve their relationship with their children, connect more effectively to their partner(s), and better understand and care for themselves through all of life's transitions.
(816) 451-4160 View (816) 451-4160
Photo of Jennifer Reid, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, RD, LD
Jennifer Reid
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, RD, LD
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I am certified in the best-practice therapy of EMDR to assist with those circumstances.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, down, or anxious and don't know what to do or where to go? Do you feel very alone and nobody else understands or has experienced what you have/or are experiencing? Are you having trouble sleeping due to looping thoughts running through your mind? Have all your old ways of coping stopped working? We all need support and guidance along our journey. Sometimes we need more than what our family and friends can provide. When circumstances happen making life more difficult, you may need some extra help. Together, you and I can find the right path and tools to get you back to feeling more like yourself.
I am certified in the best-practice therapy of EMDR to assist with those circumstances.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, down, or anxious and don't know what to do or where to go? Do you feel very alone and nobody else understands or has experienced what you have/or are experiencing? Are you having trouble sleeping due to looping thoughts running through your mind? Have all your old ways of coping stopped working? We all need support and guidance along our journey. Sometimes we need more than what our family and friends can provide. When circumstances happen making life more difficult, you may need some extra help. Together, you and I can find the right path and tools to get you back to feeling more like yourself.
(816) 875-0868 View (816) 875-0868
Photo of Erin Laney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Erin Laney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I’m a free-spirit, obsessed with helping you snag some happiness using EMDR and a mashup of fun, creative tricks.
Hey there! My dream client? That’s YOU—assuming you’ve got a funny bone and you’re past the age of 6 (no offense to the tiny tots). I mostly hang out with kids and teens, but I’m totally down to team up with young adults too. I’m your go-to gal for tackling ADHD, trauma, anger, anxiety, depression, SI, self-harm, peer drama, epic meltdowns, and chat struggles—all with a side of good vibes. Fair warning, though: it’s therapy, not a nonstop party. The good stuff takes work, but I’ve got your back!
I’m a free-spirit, obsessed with helping you snag some happiness using EMDR and a mashup of fun, creative tricks.
Hey there! My dream client? That’s YOU—assuming you’ve got a funny bone and you’re past the age of 6 (no offense to the tiny tots). I mostly hang out with kids and teens, but I’m totally down to team up with young adults too. I’m your go-to gal for tackling ADHD, trauma, anger, anxiety, depression, SI, self-harm, peer drama, epic meltdowns, and chat struggles—all with a side of good vibes. Fair warning, though: it’s therapy, not a nonstop party. The good stuff takes work, but I’ve got your back!
(816) 551-2962 View (816) 551-2962
Photo of Bonnie Monahan, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Bonnie Monahan
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
4 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I also offer EMDR therapy, for those wanting to work through Big or Little T trauma, including physical, sexual, emotional, verbal, and/or mental abuse.
I am a Master Level Therapist at Middle Path Counseling, working with 18+ adults of any race, ethnicity, size, nationality, religion, gender, and sexual orientation. My areas of focus include complex trauma of any severity, attachment issues in relationships, high-stress situations, and suicidal/self harm/depression. My goal is to help you understand your emotions and how they serve you, navigate stressful situations and what is in your control, and confidently move forward through your life's transitions and setbacks. I also give you skills to see realistic progress in your daily life, which is a step above typical talk-therapy.
I also offer EMDR therapy, for those wanting to work through Big or Little T trauma, including physical, sexual, emotional, verbal, and/or mental abuse.
I am a Master Level Therapist at Middle Path Counseling, working with 18+ adults of any race, ethnicity, size, nationality, religion, gender, and sexual orientation. My areas of focus include complex trauma of any severity, attachment issues in relationships, high-stress situations, and suicidal/self harm/depression. My goal is to help you understand your emotions and how they serve you, navigate stressful situations and what is in your control, and confidently move forward through your life's transitions and setbacks. I also give you skills to see realistic progress in your daily life, which is a step above typical talk-therapy.
(816) 339-8462 View (816) 339-8462
Photo of Kristi Broz, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT
Kristi Broz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT
Blue Springs, MO 64014
I recognize that each person needs something different from the therapy process. My approach combines elements of client centered and cognitive behavioral therapy. I tailor these elements to meet the individual needs of each client I see. I enjoy working with couples, families, and individuals of all ages.
I recognize that each person needs something different from the therapy process. My approach combines elements of client centered and cognitive behavioral therapy. I tailor these elements to meet the individual needs of each client I see. I enjoy working with couples, families, and individuals of all ages.
(816) 623-2490 View (816) 623-2490
Photo of Michael Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Michael Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Blue Springs, MO 64015
I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and am trained in EMDR and DBT, that are used to help process trauma.
Hello All! Thank you for taking the time to learn more about me to see if I am the right therapist for you. I genuinely just want to help people, so I see adolescents (ages 12-17), adults, and couples and have experience with almost every topic including anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, stress, trauma, addiction, and relationships to name a few. I have worked in the mental health field for over 13 years and in almost every segment of mental health including Crittenton Children's Hospital, Pathways Community Mental Health, and private practice for the past 10 years in Liberty, now my private practice is in Blue Springs.
I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and am trained in EMDR and DBT, that are used to help process trauma.
Hello All! Thank you for taking the time to learn more about me to see if I am the right therapist for you. I genuinely just want to help people, so I see adolescents (ages 12-17), adults, and couples and have experience with almost every topic including anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, stress, trauma, addiction, and relationships to name a few. I have worked in the mental health field for over 13 years and in almost every segment of mental health including Crittenton Children's Hospital, Pathways Community Mental Health, and private practice for the past 10 years in Liberty, now my private practice is in Blue Springs.
(816) 379-3007 View (816) 379-3007
Photo of Stacy Tucker, LMSW
Stacy Tucker
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Blue Springs, MO 64015
Life is difficult. There are times when it is especially challenging, and you need someone to walk alongside you. I'm here to offer compassionate support and guidance. I specialize in helping women, especially those in perimenopause and menopause, find renewed purpose and well-being. Whether you're facing life changes, grief, anxiety, depression, or difficulties managing intense emotions, I provide a safe and supportive space for you to explore your experiences and develop effective coping strategies.
Life is difficult. There are times when it is especially challenging, and you need someone to walk alongside you. I'm here to offer compassionate support and guidance. I specialize in helping women, especially those in perimenopause and menopause, find renewed purpose and well-being. Whether you're facing life changes, grief, anxiety, depression, or difficulties managing intense emotions, I provide a safe and supportive space for you to explore your experiences and develop effective coping strategies.
(816) 670-2636 View (816) 670-2636

See more therapy options for Blue Springs

EMDR Therapists
Who is EMDR for?
EMDR was initially developed as a treatment for individuals with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for whom memories of a deeply distressing experience can be inadvertently triggered by random everyday events. The procedure has since been applied in the treatment of many other conditions. For example, it is used by some therapists to treat anxiety disorders including panic and phobias, depression, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and some personality disorders. It is suitable for adolescents and adults.

Why do people need EMDR?
People need EMDR as a way to manage distressing memories that in some way hamper the ability to function in the present. The procedure is believed to target the way memories are stored in the brain. Evidence indicates that past disturbing experiences cause ongoing distress because they were not adequately processed, and when such memories are triggered in the present, they are accompanied by all the emotions, thoughts, and physical sensations as the initial experience.

What problems does EMDR treat?
First and foremost, EMDR is intended as a treatment for PTSD, to defuse distressing memories that intrude on and impair everyday functioning. It is also often used to help those who are subject to panic attacks, phobias, and other forms of anxiety. In addition, EMDR has been used to treat individuals with depression, eating disorders, and personality disorders.

What happens in EMDR therapy?
First the therapist takes an individual’s history, and then the therapist and client decide which distressing experience(s) will be the target(s) of the exercise, delivered via a side-to-side visual stimulus requiring lateral eye movements. The client will be asked to activate thoughts, feelings, and any body sensations related to the troubling experience. The eye movements are said to reduce the emotional charge of the memory, so that the experience can then be safely discussed with the therapist and digested, minimizing its ability to trigger anxiety.