Therapists in West 7th, Saint Paul, MN

Photo of Dylan Thaemert, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
Dylan Thaemert
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
2 Endorsed
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Do you want to develop a deeper understanding of yourself? Want to break out of old patterns and live more in accordance with your values? I would love to help.
Do you want to develop a deeper understanding of yourself? Want to break out of old patterns and live more in accordance with your values? I would love to help.
(612) 688-9954 x104 View (612) 688-9954 x104
Photo of Erica Warffuel, Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
Erica Warffuel
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
I have immediate openings available for in person or telehealth individual therapy services! I approach treatment and therapy through a trauma-informed, client-centered, attachment theory-based, internal family systems/parts work and harm-reduction lens. I would like to assist you in processing your emotions in a healthy manner and to assist you in learning the necessary skills to acquire new tools to make the changes you want in your life. I am passionate in helping individuals that struggle with PTSD, substance use, depression, anxiety, fear, shame/guilt, grief/loss, life transitions, identity issues, and relationship concerns.
I have immediate openings available for in person or telehealth individual therapy services! I approach treatment and therapy through a trauma-informed, client-centered, attachment theory-based, internal family systems/parts work and harm-reduction lens. I would like to assist you in processing your emotions in a healthy manner and to assist you in learning the necessary skills to acquire new tools to make the changes you want in your life. I am passionate in helping individuals that struggle with PTSD, substance use, depression, anxiety, fear, shame/guilt, grief/loss, life transitions, identity issues, and relationship concerns.
(952) 900-5619 View (952) 900-5619
Photo of April Tuftee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
April Tuftee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Life has a way of shifting beneath our feet — sometimes gradually, sometimes all at once. Whether you're navigating a major transition, sitting with grief, or living with a new diagnosis, it can feel like you've lost the thread of who you are and what matters most. That's where I come in. I work with adults and teens in the midst of finding — or rediscovering — themselves. This can be due to loss, major transitions, or finding meaning in these undeniably turbulent times. These are some of life's most tender and disorienting moments, and you don't have to move through them alone.
Life has a way of shifting beneath our feet — sometimes gradually, sometimes all at once. Whether you're navigating a major transition, sitting with grief, or living with a new diagnosis, it can feel like you've lost the thread of who you are and what matters most. That's where I come in. I work with adults and teens in the midst of finding — or rediscovering — themselves. This can be due to loss, major transitions, or finding meaning in these undeniably turbulent times. These are some of life's most tender and disorienting moments, and you don't have to move through them alone.
(651) 299-6293 View (651) 299-6293
Photo of Dr. Lindsay Plumer, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Lindsay Plumer
Psychologist, PsyD
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Lindsay Plumer, PsyD, is dedicated to providing compassionate and evidence-based care to individuals and families in Minnesota. At LifeStance Health, she supports children, adolescents, adults, and seniors in navigating a wide range of mental health challenges. Whether addressing complex trauma, navigating life transitions, or managing conditions like anxiety and depression, Lindsay’s personalized approach fosters resilience and growth for patients of all ages. She also offers psychological testing services to provide detailed insights into cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning, ensuring a tailored path to healing.
Lindsay Plumer, PsyD, is dedicated to providing compassionate and evidence-based care to individuals and families in Minnesota. At LifeStance Health, she supports children, adolescents, adults, and seniors in navigating a wide range of mental health challenges. Whether addressing complex trauma, navigating life transitions, or managing conditions like anxiety and depression, Lindsay’s personalized approach fosters resilience and growth for patients of all ages. She also offers psychological testing services to provide detailed insights into cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning, ensuring a tailored path to healing.
(651) 677-2936 View (651) 677-2936
Photo of Suzanne Kirk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, BA
Suzanne Kirk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, BA
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
We are all doing what we can to be healthy. Are you in need of some more emotional support? I specialize in anxiety, depression, and other mental health diagnoses. I will work with you to help develop improved and closer relationships. I treat alcoholism, and their loved ones affected by it. I completed training in trauma informed therapy.
We are all doing what we can to be healthy. Are you in need of some more emotional support? I specialize in anxiety, depression, and other mental health diagnoses. I will work with you to help develop improved and closer relationships. I treat alcoholism, and their loved ones affected by it. I completed training in trauma informed therapy.
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Photo of Madison R Krings, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Madison R Krings
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Whether you are navigating a difficult relationship with food, struggling with substance use, or find yourself caught in the exhausting cycle of both, you don't have to carry the weight of recovery alone. These challenges often overlap, creating a complex path that requires more than a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. I provide a dedicated space for individuals and their loved ones to untangle these patterns and reclaim a sense of balance.
Whether you are navigating a difficult relationship with food, struggling with substance use, or find yourself caught in the exhausting cycle of both, you don't have to carry the weight of recovery alone. These challenges often overlap, creating a complex path that requires more than a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. I provide a dedicated space for individuals and their loved ones to untangle these patterns and reclaim a sense of balance.
(651) 758-0343 View (651) 758-0343
Photo of Maggie Duret, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Maggie Duret
Counselor, MA, LPCC
2 Endorsed
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Do your thoughts feel relentless? If anxiety, doubt, and constant “what ifs” are taking over your life, you don’t have to navigate it alone. As an OCD and anxiety specialist, I use evidence-based, research-backed treatments proven to help reduce anxiety, intrusive thoughts, and compulsions. My therapeutic approach is warm, compassionate, and straightforward — helping you feel supported every step of the way!
Do your thoughts feel relentless? If anxiety, doubt, and constant “what ifs” are taking over your life, you don’t have to navigate it alone. As an OCD and anxiety specialist, I use evidence-based, research-backed treatments proven to help reduce anxiety, intrusive thoughts, and compulsions. My therapeutic approach is warm, compassionate, and straightforward — helping you feel supported every step of the way!
(651) 615-3564 View (651) 615-3564
Photo of Emma Conway, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Emma Conway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
You might be feeling emotionally drained—like you’re holding everything together on the outside while struggling to stay grounded on the inside. Maybe you feel disconnected from yourself or your relationships, or like the coping strategies that used to work just aren’t anymore. You want to feel more present, more steady, more like yourself again—but you’re not sure how to get there on your own. Therapy with me is a space to slow down, reconnect, and begin to feel more supported in your inner world. I work with teens and adults navigating grief, loss, and life transitions, and I bring a warm, relational approach to each session.
You might be feeling emotionally drained—like you’re holding everything together on the outside while struggling to stay grounded on the inside. Maybe you feel disconnected from yourself or your relationships, or like the coping strategies that used to work just aren’t anymore. You want to feel more present, more steady, more like yourself again—but you’re not sure how to get there on your own. Therapy with me is a space to slow down, reconnect, and begin to feel more supported in your inner world. I work with teens and adults navigating grief, loss, and life transitions, and I bring a warm, relational approach to each session.
(651) 427-1523 View (651) 427-1523
Photo of Karen Hunter, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
Karen Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Karen Hunter, LPCC, helps individuals and couples build stability, insight, and practical skills to navigate life’s challenges and emotional distress. She provides mental health care through LifeStance Health for patients across Minnesota, offering a supportive and structured space for adolescents, teens, adults, and older adults seeking relief from anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship stress. Karen is known for balancing compassion with clinical clarity, helping patients feel understood while working toward meaningful, sustainable change.
Karen Hunter, LPCC, helps individuals and couples build stability, insight, and practical skills to navigate life’s challenges and emotional distress. She provides mental health care through LifeStance Health for patients across Minnesota, offering a supportive and structured space for adolescents, teens, adults, and older adults seeking relief from anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship stress. Karen is known for balancing compassion with clinical clarity, helping patients feel understood while working toward meaningful, sustainable change.
(651) 650-4388 View (651) 650-4388
Photo of Amber Remackel, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LSC
Amber Remackel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LSC
2 Endorsed
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
My holistic, trauma-informed, and sex-positive approach blends CBT, mindfulness, and person-centered strategies to support emotional wellness, healthy relationships, and self-trust. Whether you’re facing anxiety, burnout, or simply seeking deeper self-connection, you’ll find a safe, judgment-free space to explore your truth, strengthen resilience, & build a life that reflects your values. Together, we’ll create a path toward healing, growth, and empowerment.
My holistic, trauma-informed, and sex-positive approach blends CBT, mindfulness, and person-centered strategies to support emotional wellness, healthy relationships, and self-trust. Whether you’re facing anxiety, burnout, or simply seeking deeper self-connection, you’ll find a safe, judgment-free space to explore your truth, strengthen resilience, & build a life that reflects your values. Together, we’ll create a path toward healing, growth, and empowerment.
(651) 661-2336 View (651) 661-2336
Photo of Alejandra Aschittino-Rodriguez, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LADC
Alejandra Aschittino-Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LADC
4 Endorsed
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Do you sense that parts of you are in conflict — outwardly capable, yet inwardly unsettled? Carrying the weight of the past while trying to build something stable in the present, you’re not alone. Many of my clients are immigrants, first-generation professionals, or individuals navigating identity, trauma, and major life transitions. On the outside, things may look “fine,” but internally there can be anxiety, pressure, disconnection, or a sense that something deeper needs attention. Whether you’re feeling stuck or overwhelmed, this therapy can be a meaningful place to start having a dialogue between the different "shades of you."
Do you sense that parts of you are in conflict — outwardly capable, yet inwardly unsettled? Carrying the weight of the past while trying to build something stable in the present, you’re not alone. Many of my clients are immigrants, first-generation professionals, or individuals navigating identity, trauma, and major life transitions. On the outside, things may look “fine,” but internally there can be anxiety, pressure, disconnection, or a sense that something deeper needs attention. Whether you’re feeling stuck or overwhelmed, this therapy can be a meaningful place to start having a dialogue between the different "shades of you."
(651) 504-8114 View (651) 504-8114
Photo of Caitlin Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Caitlin Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Life can sometimes feel lonely, exhausting, frustrating or even overwhelming. As a therapist, I am honored to be a part of each individual's path to a happier, more peaceful and productive place. I respect each client's world view and experience, and strive to collaborate in my client's growth to alleviate the struggles that are being, or have been experienced. I strive to leave each client feeling heard, empowered and ready to manage the stressors that are encountered in this complex world.
Life can sometimes feel lonely, exhausting, frustrating or even overwhelming. As a therapist, I am honored to be a part of each individual's path to a happier, more peaceful and productive place. I respect each client's world view and experience, and strive to collaborate in my client's growth to alleviate the struggles that are being, or have been experienced. I strive to leave each client feeling heard, empowered and ready to manage the stressors that are encountered in this complex world.
(651) 424-1756 View (651) 424-1756
Photo of Maggie Verdeja, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Maggie Verdeja
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
2 Endorsed
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
My approach is intuitive, simple, and personable. I do not have a set agenda for my sessions, but rather tune into what may be helpful for each individual in each session. I appreciate the process of coming into therapy and strive to create a safe, compassionate, and authentic space for the individuals I work with.
My approach is intuitive, simple, and personable. I do not have a set agenda for my sessions, but rather tune into what may be helpful for each individual in each session. I appreciate the process of coming into therapy and strive to create a safe, compassionate, and authentic space for the individuals I work with.
(651) 404-7598 View (651) 404-7598
Photo of Susan Balto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LMSW, MPH
Susan Balto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LMSW, MPH
4 Endorsed
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
My style is warm, compassionate, direct, and collaborative. My clients often seek to better understand themselves and their relationships, communicate more effectively, and feel more grounded in day-to-day life. You might be longing for clarity, deeper connection, or simply a space to be truly heard. You may be processing a trauma, grief and loss, or anxiety. You don’t need to have it all figured out—just a willingness to begin, and I’ll meet you there with care, curiosity, and respect for your unique path. For a more comprehensive introduction to my practice, please visit my website linked on the right.
My style is warm, compassionate, direct, and collaborative. My clients often seek to better understand themselves and their relationships, communicate more effectively, and feel more grounded in day-to-day life. You might be longing for clarity, deeper connection, or simply a space to be truly heard. You may be processing a trauma, grief and loss, or anxiety. You don’t need to have it all figured out—just a willingness to begin, and I’ll meet you there with care, curiosity, and respect for your unique path. For a more comprehensive introduction to my practice, please visit my website linked on the right.
(651) 360-2031 View (651) 360-2031
Photo of Paige Kahleck, Pre-Licensed Professional, Qualifi
Paige Kahleck
Pre-Licensed Professional, Qualifi
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Welcome, my name is Paige Kahleck. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, families and adolescents. I have my Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy from Saint Mary’s University. I received my Bachelor of Science in Human Development and Family Studies from University of Wisconsin-Stout. I have worked in a variety of settings including in-home therapy, Day treatment, and outpatient therapy. I work closely with individuals, couples and families to help them develop coping strategies, manage stress, and achieve personal growth.
Welcome, my name is Paige Kahleck. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, families and adolescents. I have my Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy from Saint Mary’s University. I received my Bachelor of Science in Human Development and Family Studies from University of Wisconsin-Stout. I have worked in a variety of settings including in-home therapy, Day treatment, and outpatient therapy. I work closely with individuals, couples and families to help them develop coping strategies, manage stress, and achieve personal growth.
(651) 349-6623 View (651) 349-6623
Photo of Brynn Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Brynn Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Brynn Smith, LICSW, supports individuals, couples, and families across Minnesota in navigating life’s challenges with compassion, skill, and a deep commitment to holistic mental health care. Practicing at LifeStance Health, she offers therapy for children, adolescents, adults, and seniors, tailoring her approach to meet the unique needs of each stage of life. Whether addressing long-standing patterns or helping clients through acute distress, Brynn provides a safe, welcoming space for growth and healing. Her practice focuses on evidence-based therapy that promotes both emotional resilience and practical coping skills.
Brynn Smith, LICSW, supports individuals, couples, and families across Minnesota in navigating life’s challenges with compassion, skill, and a deep commitment to holistic mental health care. Practicing at LifeStance Health, she offers therapy for children, adolescents, adults, and seniors, tailoring her approach to meet the unique needs of each stage of life. Whether addressing long-standing patterns or helping clients through acute distress, Brynn provides a safe, welcoming space for growth and healing. Her practice focuses on evidence-based therapy that promotes both emotional resilience and practical coping skills.
(651) 661-1534 View (651) 661-1534
Photo of Laura Battaglia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LICSW
Laura Battaglia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LICSW
3 Endorsed
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
You may be in a cycle of constant worry, feeling on edge, or caught in painful memories. Maybe relationships feel confusing, full of conflict, or repetitive, and you’re tired of trying to hold everything together on your own. You're long for clarity, relief, and healthier connections. I understand how overwhelming this can feel, and I offer a calm, supportive space to help you heal, make sense of your emotions, and create real, lasting change.
You may be in a cycle of constant worry, feeling on edge, or caught in painful memories. Maybe relationships feel confusing, full of conflict, or repetitive, and you’re tired of trying to hold everything together on your own. You're long for clarity, relief, and healthier connections. I understand how overwhelming this can feel, and I offer a calm, supportive space to help you heal, make sense of your emotions, and create real, lasting change.
(952) 243-3947 View (952) 243-3947
Photo of Angela Soley, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Angela Soley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Have you been told you're too sensitive? That you complicate things, or should just move on? Your sensitivity isn't the problem — it's never been met correctly. My clients are deeply feeling, intellectually curious people who treat self-understanding as one of the great adventures of being alive. They are ready to do the deeper work. Many look forward to our sessions — the deep explorations are genuinely nourishing. Tears, laughter, growls, and silence are welcome. I specialize in couples and highly sensitive individuals who feel everything fully and are ready to use that as a strength.
Have you been told you're too sensitive? That you complicate things, or should just move on? Your sensitivity isn't the problem — it's never been met correctly. My clients are deeply feeling, intellectually curious people who treat self-understanding as one of the great adventures of being alive. They are ready to do the deeper work. Many look forward to our sessions — the deep explorations are genuinely nourishing. Tears, laughter, growls, and silence are welcome. I specialize in couples and highly sensitive individuals who feel everything fully and are ready to use that as a strength.
(341) 444-2080 View (341) 444-2080
Photo of Tamara Mason, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Tamara Mason
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55102
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed out, anxious, or depressed? Other people working with Tamara have triumphed over these challenges in life. Together you and Tamara can find a path where you have the ability to be less overwhelmed, anxious, or depressed too. Sometimes you may be using a tool that you needed and that worked at a different time in your life. There are many tools and together you can find tools that will work better at this stage of life. When you work with Tamara, she will help you see other options, claim your power, and give you tools to move beyond or manage your anxiety, depression, and overwhelming feelings.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed out, anxious, or depressed? Other people working with Tamara have triumphed over these challenges in life. Together you and Tamara can find a path where you have the ability to be less overwhelmed, anxious, or depressed too. Sometimes you may be using a tool that you needed and that worked at a different time in your life. There are many tools and together you can find tools that will work better at this stage of life. When you work with Tamara, she will help you see other options, claim your power, and give you tools to move beyond or manage your anxiety, depression, and overwhelming feelings.
(651) 410-2904 View (651) 410-2904
Photo of Sophie Lynn Poynter, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR-P
Sophie Lynn Poynter
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR-P
1 Endorsed
West 7th, Saint Paul, MN 55116
I am currently working individually with those who are 13+. I have a strong desire to work with clients who are experiencing the transition between High School and college (or transition into adulthood in general), however I welcome all clients 13+ and want them to feel safe in my space. This includes but is not limited to LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC. I also enjoy working with clients who experience anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma, but am open to any kind of client who walks into my office! Since I am an art therapist, I absolutely love when clients come in and are excited about the art making process.
I am currently working individually with those who are 13+. I have a strong desire to work with clients who are experiencing the transition between High School and college (or transition into adulthood in general), however I welcome all clients 13+ and want them to feel safe in my space. This includes but is not limited to LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC. I also enjoy working with clients who experience anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma, but am open to any kind of client who walks into my office! Since I am an art therapist, I absolutely love when clients come in and are excited about the art making process.
(651) 371-1203 View (651) 371-1203

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West 7th, Saint Paul, MN

50+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in West 7th, Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
87% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
71% Relationship Issues
62% Self Esteem
62% Stress

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
84% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in West 7th, Saint Paul, MN see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

91% Female
9% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West 7th?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.