Therapists in Excelsior, MN

Photo of Alison Raman Certified Eating Disorders Specialist, MA, LPCC, CEDS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alison Raman Certified Eating Disorders Specialist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC, CEDS
Verified Verified
Excelsior, MN 55331
Healing immensely personal, often secret and shameful struggles with body hate, bingeing, purging, restricting, and other related behaviors takes courage and commitment. You may want to change, or have begun the recovery process, but also feel ambivalent and fearful about how and what it means to recover. If this resonates, you are not alone. Recovery is possible and finding peace with food, mind, and body is worth the arduous journey-whether this is your first attempt at treatment or you have completed multiple treatments. I also help caregivers in their role supporting a loved one with an eating disorder.
Healing immensely personal, often secret and shameful struggles with body hate, bingeing, purging, restricting, and other related behaviors takes courage and commitment. You may want to change, or have begun the recovery process, but also feel ambivalent and fearful about how and what it means to recover. If this resonates, you are not alone. Recovery is possible and finding peace with food, mind, and body is worth the arduous journey-whether this is your first attempt at treatment or you have completed multiple treatments. I also help caregivers in their role supporting a loved one with an eating disorder.
(612) 453-2291 View (612) 453-2291
Photo of Nicole Lovald, MS, LAMFT, RYT500
Nicole Lovald
MS, LAMFT, RYT500
Verified Verified
Excelsior, MN 55331
Waitlist for new clients
If you are looking for a compassionate therapist to support you in your healing and happiness, you have come to the right place. Using a holistic approach to overall health and well-being, I assist client's in doing the work necessary to feel better. Some of my specialties include stress management, anxiety, depression, trauma, parenting, pain management, chronic health conditions, relationships, veterans/military families and first responders.
If you are looking for a compassionate therapist to support you in your healing and happiness, you have come to the right place. Using a holistic approach to overall health and well-being, I assist client's in doing the work necessary to feel better. Some of my specialties include stress management, anxiety, depression, trauma, parenting, pain management, chronic health conditions, relationships, veterans/military families and first responders.
(763) 296-7490 View (763) 296-7490
Photo of Cynthia Gill, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cynthia Gill
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Excelsior, MN 55331
A client who comes to me with honesty, is willing to work towards their goals is an ideal client. Anxiety, trauma, depression and family problems are problems that I treat with skill and sensitivity. Parents who need help parenting, children who suffer from a trauma, teens who are depressed and stressed out, couples who can't figure out why they are fighting so much when they really love each other, wives who struggle with low self esteem, people of any age who are very lonely, all need someone to help them sort out their challenges. "We are all just trying to do life!" That often that means asking for help.
A client who comes to me with honesty, is willing to work towards their goals is an ideal client. Anxiety, trauma, depression and family problems are problems that I treat with skill and sensitivity. Parents who need help parenting, children who suffer from a trauma, teens who are depressed and stressed out, couples who can't figure out why they are fighting so much when they really love each other, wives who struggle with low self esteem, people of any age who are very lonely, all need someone to help them sort out their challenges. "We are all just trying to do life!" That often that means asking for help.
(952) 213-4482 View (952) 213-4482
Photo of Jessica Molina, MSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Molina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am here to support you through the various stages and challenges of life - whether you're navigating the complexities of adolescence, sports, the workplace, or motherhood. I believe you are the expert in your own life, and my role is to help you leverage your strengths to overcome obstacles. Together, we’ll explore your experiences, build resilience, and develop strategies for personal growth. My focus is on overcoming isolation, fostering a sense of belonging, and enhancing your confidence and self-esteem.
I am here to support you through the various stages and challenges of life - whether you're navigating the complexities of adolescence, sports, the workplace, or motherhood. I believe you are the expert in your own life, and my role is to help you leverage your strengths to overcome obstacles. Together, we’ll explore your experiences, build resilience, and develop strategies for personal growth. My focus is on overcoming isolation, fostering a sense of belonging, and enhancing your confidence and self-esteem.
(763) 299-3461 View (763) 299-3461
Photo of Ben Tudor, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ben Tudor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
If there is one thing I have learned as a therapist, it is reflected in this quote by Carl Rogers: “What is most personal is most universal”. We all hurt. We are all insecure. You are not alone. Though I believe we are more alike than different, not everyone’s therapy experience should be the same. Together, we would create a personalized therapy experience that suits your conversation style, personality, needs, pace. My job is to offer reframes and counterpoints, and sometimes challenge you. Therapy can be hard, but we can also have fun. I use humor to work through hard sh-t and I use hope as the engine to move you forward.
If there is one thing I have learned as a therapist, it is reflected in this quote by Carl Rogers: “What is most personal is most universal”. We all hurt. We are all insecure. You are not alone. Though I believe we are more alike than different, not everyone’s therapy experience should be the same. Together, we would create a personalized therapy experience that suits your conversation style, personality, needs, pace. My job is to offer reframes and counterpoints, and sometimes challenge you. Therapy can be hard, but we can also have fun. I use humor to work through hard sh-t and I use hope as the engine to move you forward.
(773) 839-3303 View (773) 839-3303
Photo of Sunitha Rachel Chandy, PsyD, Psychologist
Sunitha Rachel Chandy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Excelsior, MN 55331
As the founder of Artesian Collaborative, it’s a privilege to work with a diverse team of psychologists, couples and family therapists, social workers, and counselors dedicated to supporting our community with the best of their fields. There’s a wealth of mental health resources, but there’s only one you. Our therapists are here to listen to your story, understand your strengths and sorrows, and support you in building the skills to reach your goals. The work you do will impact not only your life but also your relationships and community. Your culture, identity, experience, and values deserve to be seen and honored.
As the founder of Artesian Collaborative, it’s a privilege to work with a diverse team of psychologists, couples and family therapists, social workers, and counselors dedicated to supporting our community with the best of their fields. There’s a wealth of mental health resources, but there’s only one you. Our therapists are here to listen to your story, understand your strengths and sorrows, and support you in building the skills to reach your goals. The work you do will impact not only your life but also your relationships and community. Your culture, identity, experience, and values deserve to be seen and honored.
(773) 839-4606 View (773) 839-4606
Photo of Andy Huys, MA, LPCC, LADC, Counselor
Andy Huys
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Excelsior, MN 55331
I'm described as having high empathy, compassion, a good sense of humor, and a relaxed style. Self-exploration, improved awareness, and personal empowerment are key elements for setting goals and making healthy changes. I enjoy helping individuals and families accomplish this by identifying goals and helping you achieve them.
I'm described as having high empathy, compassion, a good sense of humor, and a relaxed style. Self-exploration, improved awareness, and personal empowerment are key elements for setting goals and making healthy changes. I enjoy helping individuals and families accomplish this by identifying goals and helping you achieve them.
(763) 373-9099 View (763) 373-9099
Photo of Clare N Buntrock, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Clare N Buntrock
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Excelsior, MN 55331
Psychotherapy is simply a conversation designed to help you understand yourself more completely. Rather than providing answers, it helps you identify what is interfering with your ability to live in a satisfying way. I have helped people sufferring from depression, anxiety, and relationship problems - even when previous attempts at treatment have failed. Meaningful change is possible in an environment of mutual respect and safety, where you can tell your own story at your own pace. I work with both individuals and couples.
Psychotherapy is simply a conversation designed to help you understand yourself more completely. Rather than providing answers, it helps you identify what is interfering with your ability to live in a satisfying way. I have helped people sufferring from depression, anxiety, and relationship problems - even when previous attempts at treatment have failed. Meaningful change is possible in an environment of mutual respect and safety, where you can tell your own story at your own pace. I work with both individuals and couples.
(952) 800-9173 View (952) 800-9173
Photo of Ina Lasmane, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ina Lasmane
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Have you experienced trauma or difficult events that have left you feeling anxious, angry, stressed, or overwhelmed? Maybe you’re feeling hypervigilant, irritable, or struggling with mood swings, nightmares, or flashbacks. Perhaps you're finding it hard to sleep or simply want to feel like yourself again. If any of this sounds familiar, please know that what you're going through is a natural response of your nervous system to what you’ve been through—it’s not a sign that something is "wrong" with you.
Have you experienced trauma or difficult events that have left you feeling anxious, angry, stressed, or overwhelmed? Maybe you’re feeling hypervigilant, irritable, or struggling with mood swings, nightmares, or flashbacks. Perhaps you're finding it hard to sleep or simply want to feel like yourself again. If any of this sounds familiar, please know that what you're going through is a natural response of your nervous system to what you’ve been through—it’s not a sign that something is "wrong" with you.
(612) 559-8704 View (612) 559-8704
Photo of Anthony Todd Nichols, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Anthony Todd Nichols
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Excelsior, MN 55331
Do you feel upset, irritable, or downright angry at times? Are you looking for help changing the way you act in certain situations? Would you like to be more loving in relationships, to be the partner or parent you aspire to? I can help you identify and resolve issues that are interfering with your ability to accomplish your goals. I specialize in Attachment Therapy and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Firmly rooted in Christian values, I serve individuals from all walks of life in a non-judgmental fashion.
Do you feel upset, irritable, or downright angry at times? Are you looking for help changing the way you act in certain situations? Would you like to be more loving in relationships, to be the partner or parent you aspire to? I can help you identify and resolve issues that are interfering with your ability to accomplish your goals. I specialize in Attachment Therapy and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Firmly rooted in Christian values, I serve individuals from all walks of life in a non-judgmental fashion.
(952) 479-4780 View (952) 479-4780
Photo of Brianna D. Mann, PhD
Brianna D. Mann
PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You plan your life around your bathroom breaks, around where you can find safe places to go. You avoid pretty much anything that involves being away from home so long that you’ll need to use a public restroom. When you do try to go in public, you usually psych yourself out. Your world has gotten pretty small and you’re missing out on a lot of things you would enjoy, if it weren’t for the public bathroom factor. You’ve lived in shame and secrecy, feeling like an outsider, for years. You’ve tried to find help but no one seems to even know Paruresis is, let alone know how to treat it. You are at a breaking point and know you need help.
You plan your life around your bathroom breaks, around where you can find safe places to go. You avoid pretty much anything that involves being away from home so long that you’ll need to use a public restroom. When you do try to go in public, you usually psych yourself out. Your world has gotten pretty small and you’re missing out on a lot of things you would enjoy, if it weren’t for the public bathroom factor. You’ve lived in shame and secrecy, feeling like an outsider, for years. You’ve tried to find help but no one seems to even know Paruresis is, let alone know how to treat it. You are at a breaking point and know you need help.
(952) 679-7127 View (952) 679-7127
Photo of Stefanie Rose, MA, LMFT, SEP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stefanie Rose
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Excelsior, MN 55331
Do you sometimes think that others seem to be "normal" or have the "perfect life" or that something is wrong with you? Do you have trouble shutting your mind off from stressful thoughts or upsetting memories? Has it been a while since you remember feeling excited about life or passion in your marriage? You are not alone.
Do you sometimes think that others seem to be "normal" or have the "perfect life" or that something is wrong with you? Do you have trouble shutting your mind off from stressful thoughts or upsetting memories? Has it been a while since you remember feeling excited about life or passion in your marriage? You are not alone.
(952) 592-1586 View (952) 592-1586
Photo of Janna (Schriber) Mason, MS, LPCC, NCC
Janna (Schriber) Mason
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Grief is ever-present within our lives. Whether it’s an abrupt shift in our daily routine, a noticeable difference within ourselves, or a transition of our career, we experience it. We feel it after a change in our relationship, the loss of a pet, or, a heartbreaking death of a loved one. All change results in loss of some sort, and that which accompanies it, is grief. Grief can leave us feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and scared. We feel exposed and vulnerable. We begin to question ourselves and the world we are in. Whatever your grief, know that I will honor it with attuned presence.
Grief is ever-present within our lives. Whether it’s an abrupt shift in our daily routine, a noticeable difference within ourselves, or a transition of our career, we experience it. We feel it after a change in our relationship, the loss of a pet, or, a heartbreaking death of a loved one. All change results in loss of some sort, and that which accompanies it, is grief. Grief can leave us feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and scared. We feel exposed and vulnerable. We begin to question ourselves and the world we are in. Whatever your grief, know that I will honor it with attuned presence.
(952) 260-2552 View (952) 260-2552
Photo of Jennie Pogreba, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennie Pogreba
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Excelsior, MN 55331
Do you find yourself struggling with a difficult chapter in your life which may include stress, grief, loss, life transitions, anxiety, depression, or general discontentment? The stories of our lives can contain some chapters that are more difficult than others. At Empowering You, clients will be provided a compassionate, supportive space to process their stressors, assistance with uncovering innate strengths, along with education and tools to manage symptoms. My goal is to assist clients with finding increased empowerment, joy, insight, resiliency, and confidence.
Do you find yourself struggling with a difficult chapter in your life which may include stress, grief, loss, life transitions, anxiety, depression, or general discontentment? The stories of our lives can contain some chapters that are more difficult than others. At Empowering You, clients will be provided a compassionate, supportive space to process their stressors, assistance with uncovering innate strengths, along with education and tools to manage symptoms. My goal is to assist clients with finding increased empowerment, joy, insight, resiliency, and confidence.
(763) 710-2992 View (763) 710-2992
Photo of Ana McRae, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ana McRae
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Excelsior, MN 55331
Waitlist for new clients
Are you often tired, anxious, or triggered by your experiences and don’t understand why? Do you spend most of your time caring for others all the while longing to feel seen and heard yourself? When trying to move through change or simply understand yourself better, it is vital to have a space dedicated to tending to yourself. I am here to partner with you to increase your self-awareness and move from feelings of fear, anxiety, and shame, into presence, curiosity, and creativity. Note: No current openings for child and family therapy.
Are you often tired, anxious, or triggered by your experiences and don’t understand why? Do you spend most of your time caring for others all the while longing to feel seen and heard yourself? When trying to move through change or simply understand yourself better, it is vital to have a space dedicated to tending to yourself. I am here to partner with you to increase your self-awareness and move from feelings of fear, anxiety, and shame, into presence, curiosity, and creativity. Note: No current openings for child and family therapy.
(612) 682-6235 View (612) 682-6235
Photo of Melissa Bolger, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melissa Bolger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Excelsior, MN 55331
You are in the right place if you are seeking to show up more authentically in your life, sort through conflict, or improve your relationships! I will work with you to deepen your understanding of challenges you may be experiencing, learn new skills for dealing with difficulties, & ultimately find a path forward creating change and finding acceptance when needed. I am honored to work with many folks through experiences with: parenting, conflict, divorce/remarriage, life changes, & difficult family dynamics. I see adults, couples, and families. This is a safe space for ALL people, including LGBTQIA+, BIPOC, & neurodivergent folks.
You are in the right place if you are seeking to show up more authentically in your life, sort through conflict, or improve your relationships! I will work with you to deepen your understanding of challenges you may be experiencing, learn new skills for dealing with difficulties, & ultimately find a path forward creating change and finding acceptance when needed. I am honored to work with many folks through experiences with: parenting, conflict, divorce/remarriage, life changes, & difficult family dynamics. I see adults, couples, and families. This is a safe space for ALL people, including LGBTQIA+, BIPOC, & neurodivergent folks.
(612) 887-2176 View (612) 887-2176
Photo of Michelle Finley, MA, LMFT, DMFTABD, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michelle Finley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, DMFTABD
Verified Verified
Excelsior, MN 55331
Have you lost someone or something that is important to you? Is life presenting you with changes that are difficult to navigate? Are relationships difficult? Has your past created difficulties that you just can't seem to separate from? Do you feel overwhelmed by the pressure to raise perfect kids and meet the needs of everyone around you?  Does your family need help? Are you a helper or therapist and need your own support? I am here, to connect with you and help you feel better.
Have you lost someone or something that is important to you? Is life presenting you with changes that are difficult to navigate? Are relationships difficult? Has your past created difficulties that you just can't seem to separate from? Do you feel overwhelmed by the pressure to raise perfect kids and meet the needs of everyone around you?  Does your family need help? Are you a helper or therapist and need your own support? I am here, to connect with you and help you feel better.
(763) 600-1315 View (763) 600-1315
Photo of Maria Wasem, MA, PMH-C, Pre-Licensed Professional
Maria Wasem
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Excelsior, MN 55331
I believe that a successful therapeutic relationship can become the catalyst to change, one interaction, one session at a time. Therapy sessions with me are targeted to provide security in the vulnerability required to do the deep and restorative work necessary to make positive change. My job as a therapist is to create a relationship that honors that space and guides my clients through growth personally, in their relationships, and their lives as a whole. My background and experience in child psychology lends itself to insight into parenting as well as reflection upon family of origin as it manifests in the present.
I believe that a successful therapeutic relationship can become the catalyst to change, one interaction, one session at a time. Therapy sessions with me are targeted to provide security in the vulnerability required to do the deep and restorative work necessary to make positive change. My job as a therapist is to create a relationship that honors that space and guides my clients through growth personally, in their relationships, and their lives as a whole. My background and experience in child psychology lends itself to insight into parenting as well as reflection upon family of origin as it manifests in the present.
(952) 522-5034 View (952) 522-5034
Photo of Susan Nelson, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Susan Nelson
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Excelsior, MN 55331
Immediate Availability. Does life feel harder than it should? Do you feel like you've lost your own identity in the midst of your relationships or work? Are you struggling to adapt to the season of life? I can help. I work with adults and teens, individually and together. I have special areas of focus in parents of medically complex children, and parents and partners of people with gender dysphoria. I also work with new parents and those struggling with infertility. I believe relationships are our greatest resource for stability and support, and I love helping people find more grounding and equilibrium through healthy connections.
Immediate Availability. Does life feel harder than it should? Do you feel like you've lost your own identity in the midst of your relationships or work? Are you struggling to adapt to the season of life? I can help. I work with adults and teens, individually and together. I have special areas of focus in parents of medically complex children, and parents and partners of people with gender dysphoria. I also work with new parents and those struggling with infertility. I believe relationships are our greatest resource for stability and support, and I love helping people find more grounding and equilibrium through healthy connections.
(952) 900-4809 View (952) 900-4809
Photo of Stefanie Mach, LGSW, MPP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stefanie Mach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW, MPP
Verified Verified
Online Only
It can be exhausting to pretend that you aren’t as overwhelmed, hurt, angry, ashamed or scared as you are. The weight of these feelings can sometimes be too much to bear alone. With me, you won’t have to hide your scars or keep up appearances. You don’t need to know exactly where to start. We’ll let curiosity guide our conversations about whatever is on your mind. Through this process, we’ll figure out what stands between your life today and the one you’d like to live
It can be exhausting to pretend that you aren’t as overwhelmed, hurt, angry, ashamed or scared as you are. The weight of these feelings can sometimes be too much to bear alone. With me, you won’t have to hide your scars or keep up appearances. You don’t need to know exactly where to start. We’ll let curiosity guide our conversations about whatever is on your mind. Through this process, we’ll figure out what stands between your life today and the one you’d like to live
(952) 260-2489 View (952) 260-2489
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Excelsior, MN

20+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Excelsior, MN who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
97% Depression
97% Anxiety
93% Trauma and PTSD
79% Self Esteem
72% Grief
72% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
87% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Excelsior, MN see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Excelsior?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.