Therapists in Palo Alto, CA

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Photo of Dr. Kyle Kermott, Psychologist in Palo Alto, CA
Dr. Kyle Kermott
Psychologist, MA , PsyD
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301  (Online Only)
Are you feeling down? Not getting as much enjoyment from life as you want? Do you feel tired and worn out all the time? You know things aren't right, but don't know how to fix them. I help people make sense of confusing emotions. Imagine what it would feel like to put these difficult emotions behind you and to be living a life filled with purpose and meaning. I've created a revolutionary depth-oriented therapy program called "The BETR" method, which helps people find long-term relief from challenging emotions. I care deeply about the people I work with, and I look forward to helping you begin living the life you want and deserve.
Are you feeling down? Not getting as much enjoyment from life as you want? Do you feel tired and worn out all the time? You know things aren't right, but don't know how to fix them. I help people make sense of confusing emotions. Imagine what it would feel like to put these difficult emotions behind you and to be living a life filled with purpose and meaning. I've created a revolutionary depth-oriented therapy program called "The BETR" method, which helps people find long-term relief from challenging emotions. I care deeply about the people I work with, and I look forward to helping you begin living the life you want and deserve.
(650) 594-6169 View (650) 594-6169
Thomas Lubey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
(650) 663-5764 View (650) 663-5764
Photo of Naomi Brown, Psychologist in Palo Alto, CA
Naomi Brown
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
Healing Self Esteem, Understanding self and learning to cope with challenging life situations; Healing relationships (couple, family, colleague, peer, friendships); Cultural and racial identity, coping with racism, BIPOC concerns, College and graduate student mental health; Eating disorders and body Image; Healing from depression and anxiety; Mindful living and meditation practice.
Healing Self Esteem, Understanding self and learning to cope with challenging life situations; Healing relationships (couple, family, colleague, peer, friendships); Cultural and racial identity, coping with racism, BIPOC concerns, College and graduate student mental health; Eating disorders and body Image; Healing from depression and anxiety; Mindful living and meditation practice.
(650) 772-5860 View (650) 772-5860
Photo of Michelle Medeiros, Psychologist in Palo Alto, CA
Michelle Medeiros
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94303
I provide a warm, collaborative, and non-judgmental environment that allows my clients the opportunity to express themselves and feel understood. I use a variety of well-researched approaches and treatments that can help address their concerns. I am committed to my clients' goals on what they want to accomplish, and I work hard towards helping them build on their strengths and resiliency. I truly enjoy helping people continue to grow and advance in life, while embracing the unique qualities that make them who they are.
I provide a warm, collaborative, and non-judgmental environment that allows my clients the opportunity to express themselves and feel understood. I use a variety of well-researched approaches and treatments that can help address their concerns. I am committed to my clients' goals on what they want to accomplish, and I work hard towards helping them build on their strengths and resiliency. I truly enjoy helping people continue to grow and advance in life, while embracing the unique qualities that make them who they are.
(650) 460-1436 View (650) 460-1436
Photo of Karin Schlanger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Karin Schlanger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, Lic
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
"What is the trouble that brings you in today?" I always start our conversation this way. I begin sessions by focusing on the here and now and filling in the past as needed. I help individuals struggling to create relationships that are fulfilling enough, work with parents, teens, couples and individuals trying to find satisfying relationships, be effective in the workplace or school and channel their behavior productively. You are likely frustrated and have tried a to get results for yourself or a loved one: try something else! .My style is warm, pragmatic and grounded in meeting you where you are hurting most to cultivate change.
"What is the trouble that brings you in today?" I always start our conversation this way. I begin sessions by focusing on the here and now and filling in the past as needed. I help individuals struggling to create relationships that are fulfilling enough, work with parents, teens, couples and individuals trying to find satisfying relationships, be effective in the workplace or school and channel their behavior productively. You are likely frustrated and have tried a to get results for yourself or a loved one: try something else! .My style is warm, pragmatic and grounded in meeting you where you are hurting most to cultivate change.
(650) 334-1591 View (650) 334-1591
Photo of Jeffrey Miller, Psychologist in Palo Alto, CA
Jeffrey Miller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
I work primarily with teenage boys and adult men and women. My work addresses a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, learning differences, attention and executive functioning deficits, divorce and other family issues, substance abuse and dependence, parenting, health concerns, stage of life issues, professional stresses and transitions, and deeper exploration of emotional, psychological and spiritual issues. Many of my teenage patients are facing a combination of family, school and social issues. My adult patients are often seeking assistance with personal and family issues, struggles in the workplace, and deeper issues relating to meaning, purpose and spiritual direction.
I work primarily with teenage boys and adult men and women. My work addresses a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, learning differences, attention and executive functioning deficits, divorce and other family issues, substance abuse and dependence, parenting, health concerns, stage of life issues, professional stresses and transitions, and deeper exploration of emotional, psychological and spiritual issues. Many of my teenage patients are facing a combination of family, school and social issues. My adult patients are often seeking assistance with personal and family issues, struggles in the workplace, and deeper issues relating to meaning, purpose and spiritual direction.
(650) 458-0171 View (650) 458-0171
Photo of Yesica Pantoja-Juarez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Yesica Pantoja-Juarez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
Are you looking for therapy for the first time? Or do you have experience with therapy and looking to continue to focus on self-improvement? As an LMFT, my therapeutic approach can help you understand how individual problems can, at times, be connected to past and current social experiences. I have found success working with individuals interested in diving deeper into their thought patterns and exploring how their early life experiences play a role in the development of their current selves.
Are you looking for therapy for the first time? Or do you have experience with therapy and looking to continue to focus on self-improvement? As an LMFT, my therapeutic approach can help you understand how individual problems can, at times, be connected to past and current social experiences. I have found success working with individuals interested in diving deeper into their thought patterns and exploring how their early life experiences play a role in the development of their current selves.
(510) 738-3149 View (510) 738-3149
Photo of David Paul MacBryde, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
David Paul MacBryde
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
I have worked for over 25 years with folks who have struggled with a range of internal, interpersonal, relational, and environmental challenges and questions. This includes: difficult thoughts; "stuck" patterns of behavior, including addictions; persistent sadness and depression; relationship and family difficulties; loneliness; thoughts of life-and-death; trauma; identity and sexuality questions; experiences of madness; and other difficult life situations. I focus on working with adolescents (16+), young adults (18-25), and adults of all ages. I also work with men of all ages on questions of masculinity and "manhood".
I have worked for over 25 years with folks who have struggled with a range of internal, interpersonal, relational, and environmental challenges and questions. This includes: difficult thoughts; "stuck" patterns of behavior, including addictions; persistent sadness and depression; relationship and family difficulties; loneliness; thoughts of life-and-death; trauma; identity and sexuality questions; experiences of madness; and other difficult life situations. I focus on working with adolescents (16+), young adults (18-25), and adults of all ages. I also work with men of all ages on questions of masculinity and "manhood".
(650) 382-4978 View (650) 382-4978
Photo of Matthew (Matt) Ahrens, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Matthew (Matt) Ahrens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
23 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy is a gift we give to ourselves. That hour per week we set aside to explore our inner worlds - our thoughts, our emotions, and our sensations - and get some relief, heal, integrate, and grow. It is an honor for me to share that hour with you, to accompany you, to witness you, and to discover with you.
Psychotherapy is a gift we give to ourselves. That hour per week we set aside to explore our inner worlds - our thoughts, our emotions, and our sensations - and get some relief, heal, integrate, and grow. It is an honor for me to share that hour with you, to accompany you, to witness you, and to discover with you.
(415) 527-3282 View (415) 527-3282
Photo of Genevieve Kemp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Genevieve Kemp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
My goal as a therapist is to support the people I work with in gaining greater insight into unhelpful patterns, develop and strengthen their coping skills, resolve trauma, and strengthen positive beliefs around their life purpose.
My goal as a therapist is to support the people I work with in gaining greater insight into unhelpful patterns, develop and strengthen their coping skills, resolve trauma, and strengthen positive beliefs around their life purpose.
(424) 352-7352 View (424) 352-7352
Photo of Liana Huang, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Liana Huang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
When we are exposed to trauma at an early age, it can seriously impact how we feel about ourselves and our relationships with others. Trauma can also profoundly affect whether we feel this is a safe world and can contribute to depression, anxiety, and relational/familial issues. My practice is from a strengths-based, trauma-informed perspective with a non-judgmental framework. I aim to understand clients’ internal responses and to provide more options for emotional regulation and problem-solving.
When we are exposed to trauma at an early age, it can seriously impact how we feel about ourselves and our relationships with others. Trauma can also profoundly affect whether we feel this is a safe world and can contribute to depression, anxiety, and relational/familial issues. My practice is from a strengths-based, trauma-informed perspective with a non-judgmental framework. I aim to understand clients’ internal responses and to provide more options for emotional regulation and problem-solving.
(650) 590-5776 View (650) 590-5776
Photo of Catherine Nelson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Catherine Nelson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
My ideal client is someone who suffers from Trauma and who has chronic depression and/or chronic anxiety. This person may also have some physical issues that point to areas of concern in the therapy. Everyone needs to feel safe, respected and to have their feelings validated. They may want to feel better but afraid of what therapy might uncover. They may also need to go more slowly in therapy. Reaching out for therapy expresses a hope that they can feel better.
My ideal client is someone who suffers from Trauma and who has chronic depression and/or chronic anxiety. This person may also have some physical issues that point to areas of concern in the therapy. Everyone needs to feel safe, respected and to have their feelings validated. They may want to feel better but afraid of what therapy might uncover. They may also need to go more slowly in therapy. Reaching out for therapy expresses a hope that they can feel better.
(650) 899-7224 View (650) 899-7224
Photo of Elsa Rojas, Psychologist in Palo Alto, CA
Elsa Rojas
Psychologist, PhD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306
Not accepting new clients
Finding the right therapist can be a difficult task. I hope to make that easier by telling you about myself and my approach. I received my doctorate in Counseling Psychology, a branch of psychology that takes into account the role of various cultural and environmental factors that shape each of us. This means that my approach to therapy is individualized and integrates information about your unique circumstances with my training in several different evidence-based treatments. My goal is to provide a safe environment where you can learn new techniques to cope with stress, build a life you value, and process difficult emotions.
Finding the right therapist can be a difficult task. I hope to make that easier by telling you about myself and my approach. I received my doctorate in Counseling Psychology, a branch of psychology that takes into account the role of various cultural and environmental factors that shape each of us. This means that my approach to therapy is individualized and integrates information about your unique circumstances with my training in several different evidence-based treatments. My goal is to provide a safe environment where you can learn new techniques to cope with stress, build a life you value, and process difficult emotions.
(650) 600-7457 View (650) 600-7457
Photo of Callie Reece, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Callie Reece
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94303  (Online Only)
The most fundamental component to effective therapy is having a strong bond with your therapist. When we start therapy together, the first order of business will be establishing that type of bond. From there you will feel the support you need to start exploring the material you've come to therapy to heal.
The most fundamental component to effective therapy is having a strong bond with your therapist. When we start therapy together, the first order of business will be establishing that type of bond. From there you will feel the support you need to start exploring the material you've come to therapy to heal.
(650) 955-0143 View (650) 955-0143
Photo of Gloria Saldana, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Gloria Saldana
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
I get it, relationships can be hard even if it’s the one you have with yourself. Even more difficult sometimes is admitting it and talking to someone about it. That’s why I try my best to keep it real, open, and (when appropriate) fun while working on these tough parts of life. I’m here to support you in reaching your goals, whether that’s to have a stronger relationship with your partner, better understand your current state in life or work through difficult anxiety emotions that keep you stuck. I know that reaching out for help isn’t easy but I hope that you do reach out so we can see if I’m a good fit to help.
I get it, relationships can be hard even if it’s the one you have with yourself. Even more difficult sometimes is admitting it and talking to someone about it. That’s why I try my best to keep it real, open, and (when appropriate) fun while working on these tough parts of life. I’m here to support you in reaching your goals, whether that’s to have a stronger relationship with your partner, better understand your current state in life or work through difficult anxiety emotions that keep you stuck. I know that reaching out for help isn’t easy but I hope that you do reach out so we can see if I’m a good fit to help.
(831) 319-5367 View (831) 319-5367
Photo of Shelly Sarig Nadav, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Shelly Sarig Nadav
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
I'm a licensed psychotherapist experienced in working with individuals of all ages, as well as couples, and families. I also provide parent guidance to assist parents in promoting their child's well being and improve family communication. I see my role as helping people recognize underlying core issues and blind spots that may be preventing them from achieving a sense of peace and fulfillment. Learning new ways of coping, and of relating to self and others, can further improve confidence and vitality, as well as the capacity to engage in satisfying personal and professional relationships.
I'm a licensed psychotherapist experienced in working with individuals of all ages, as well as couples, and families. I also provide parent guidance to assist parents in promoting their child's well being and improve family communication. I see my role as helping people recognize underlying core issues and blind spots that may be preventing them from achieving a sense of peace and fulfillment. Learning new ways of coping, and of relating to self and others, can further improve confidence and vitality, as well as the capacity to engage in satisfying personal and professional relationships.
(650) 546-7883 View (650) 546-7883
Photo of Amanda Martino, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Amanda Martino
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
Anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, difficulties in school/work/family and relationships, feeling "not enough"....being a human is really hard. People aren’t weak, damaged, or broken for struggling with life and seeking therapy. You are brave, strong, courageous, curious, insightful, inspirational, proactive and worthy of support. Therapy gives you a chance to explore who you are and learn to identify what you feel really proud of. We can identify what things aren’t working well for you and what you can do about those to improve how you feel on a daily basis and about life overall.
Anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, difficulties in school/work/family and relationships, feeling "not enough"....being a human is really hard. People aren’t weak, damaged, or broken for struggling with life and seeking therapy. You are brave, strong, courageous, curious, insightful, inspirational, proactive and worthy of support. Therapy gives you a chance to explore who you are and learn to identify what you feel really proud of. We can identify what things aren’t working well for you and what you can do about those to improve how you feel on a daily basis and about life overall.
(971) 259-7869 View (971) 259-7869
Photo of Jacqui Lewis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Jacqui Lewis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306
Is excessive worry or anxiety limiting your life? Do you want to feel better and live a happier life? Helping our clients overcome social anxiety, public speaking fears, OCD, panic, excessive worry and depression is our primary focus. Visit us at www.paloaltotherapy.com. By using proven therapy methods (We are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy specialists) we will focus on specific problems, solutions, and reachable goals. We provide much more than traditional talk therapy and help you get results to improve your emotions and your life. By doing this we can help rather quickly. Call to schedule a free phone consultation.
Is excessive worry or anxiety limiting your life? Do you want to feel better and live a happier life? Helping our clients overcome social anxiety, public speaking fears, OCD, panic, excessive worry and depression is our primary focus. Visit us at www.paloaltotherapy.com. By using proven therapy methods (We are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy specialists) we will focus on specific problems, solutions, and reachable goals. We provide much more than traditional talk therapy and help you get results to improve your emotions and your life. By doing this we can help rather quickly. Call to schedule a free phone consultation.
(650) 899-4248 View (650) 899-4248
Photo of Tanya Gulevich, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Tanya Gulevich
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
I have a wide experience working with clients who have experienced a major loss and and are grieving, whether the loss is the death of a loved one, the loss of a job, the loss of a relationship, or the losses that can come with chronic illness. I have also helped numerous people who are in emotionally and verbally abusive relationships, or have been in such relationships with partners, parents, or friends in the past. In addition, I enjoy helping people suffering from anxiety and depression to release these mood states and adopt a more tranquil state of mind.
I have a wide experience working with clients who have experienced a major loss and and are grieving, whether the loss is the death of a loved one, the loss of a job, the loss of a relationship, or the losses that can come with chronic illness. I have also helped numerous people who are in emotionally and verbally abusive relationships, or have been in such relationships with partners, parents, or friends in the past. In addition, I enjoy helping people suffering from anxiety and depression to release these mood states and adopt a more tranquil state of mind.
(650) 684-5193 View (650) 684-5193
Photo of Teresa Dillon Scott, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Teresa Dillon Scott
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MFA
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
As my client, you will receive my utmost attention, care, and guidance. Each session will be focused on your current problem and what you want help with. We will move to a dynamic inquiry of this problem and move towards solving the difficulties in your life. My goal is to help you have the best life you can have, with all the peace and happiness you can find. We collaborate on measuring progress and success utilizing regular assessment measures including rating scales. I use evidence-based practices to assist you in uncovering the blocks to your full potential by focusing on the brain and body for the most efficient healing.
As my client, you will receive my utmost attention, care, and guidance. Each session will be focused on your current problem and what you want help with. We will move to a dynamic inquiry of this problem and move towards solving the difficulties in your life. My goal is to help you have the best life you can have, with all the peace and happiness you can find. We collaborate on measuring progress and success utilizing regular assessment measures including rating scales. I use evidence-based practices to assist you in uncovering the blocks to your full potential by focusing on the brain and body for the most efficient healing.
(650) 420-4087 View (650) 420-4087

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Palo Alto, CA

900+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Palo Alto, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aetna
50% Cigna and Evernorth
45% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Palo Alto, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Palo Alto?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.