Therapists in Monterey, CA

Photo of Julie Hassen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Monterey, CA
Julie Hassen
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monterey, CA 93940
As an eco- and climate-informed therapist, I combine my backgrounds in Marine Science, Environmental Psychology, and Clinical Social Work to help folks who struggle with a wide range of concerns, including climate change or eco-anxiety/grief/depression. Sometimes global issues can impact our own lives and contribute to things like anxiety and depression, and even cause trauma and physical illness. I also have expertise working with clients who struggle with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, grief, and suicidal ideation.
As an eco- and climate-informed therapist, I combine my backgrounds in Marine Science, Environmental Psychology, and Clinical Social Work to help folks who struggle with a wide range of concerns, including climate change or eco-anxiety/grief/depression. Sometimes global issues can impact our own lives and contribute to things like anxiety and depression, and even cause trauma and physical illness. I also have expertise working with clients who struggle with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, grief, and suicidal ideation.
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Photo of Jennifer Silacci, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Monterey, CA
Jennifer Silacci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940  (Online Only)
It has been my joy to witness the healing journey of so many individuals in my 19 years of private practice. Life is filled with beautiful moments, terrifying moments, and just about everything in between. No matter what you're experiencing, you're not alone. Be it caregiver fatigue, anxiety, relationship challenges, grief and loss, or struggling with an eating disorder, there's a way to heal. My approach is eclectic and tailored to fit the needs of each person I work with. Focusing on the mind-body connection, I provide therapeutic healing opportunities for adolescents and adults.
It has been my joy to witness the healing journey of so many individuals in my 19 years of private practice. Life is filled with beautiful moments, terrifying moments, and just about everything in between. No matter what you're experiencing, you're not alone. Be it caregiver fatigue, anxiety, relationship challenges, grief and loss, or struggling with an eating disorder, there's a way to heal. My approach is eclectic and tailored to fit the needs of each person I work with. Focusing on the mind-body connection, I provide therapeutic healing opportunities for adolescents and adults.
(831) 273-4936 View (831) 273-4936
Photo of WilliamReeseTherapy.com, Psychologist in Monterey, CA
WilliamReeseTherapy.com
Psychologist, PhD, MSCP
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940
As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation, I'll meet you FREE online for our First Interview!
As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation, I'll meet you FREE online for our First Interview!
(831) 531-3388 View (831) 531-3388
Photo of Stephanie Chastain, Marriage & Family Therapist in Monterey, CA
Stephanie Chastain
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Not Verified Not Verified
Monterey, CA 93940
Not accepting new clients
If you are experiencing life’s bumps in the road, or feeling like you’re stuck, I can help. I am available to provide you and your family with compassionate, non-judgmental guidance. With 25 years experience, I specialize in relationships, couples, marital issues, divorce recovery, blended families, step parenting, women’s issues and transitions, mid-life changes, step parenting, blended families and military families.
If you are experiencing life’s bumps in the road, or feeling like you’re stuck, I can help. I am available to provide you and your family with compassionate, non-judgmental guidance. With 25 years experience, I specialize in relationships, couples, marital issues, divorce recovery, blended families, step parenting, women’s issues and transitions, mid-life changes, step parenting, blended families and military families.
(831) 216-5385 View (831) 216-5385
Photo of Dr. Kayzim Suárez-Reyes, Psychologist in Monterey, CA
Dr. Kayzim Suárez-Reyes
Psychologist, PhD, MA, MS, ASDCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monterey, CA 93940  (Online Only)
It's so hard to find someone to trust with our innermost feelings and problems! As someone who has had my own mental health struggles I know a genuine and knowledgeable therapist is hard to find but so necessary. With me, you will learn about how thinking errors influence our behaviors and feelings as well as how to reframe those thoughts to achieve a healthier and happier outlook on life. We will use laughter and compassion to get through things together. If you are ready to do the work, I am ready to help you!
It's so hard to find someone to trust with our innermost feelings and problems! As someone who has had my own mental health struggles I know a genuine and knowledgeable therapist is hard to find but so necessary. With me, you will learn about how thinking errors influence our behaviors and feelings as well as how to reframe those thoughts to achieve a healthier and happier outlook on life. We will use laughter and compassion to get through things together. If you are ready to do the work, I am ready to help you!
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Photo of Lani Chin, Psychologist in Monterey, CA
Lani Chin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Monterey, CA 93940
There are many reasons why you might be looking for a therapist: help with a long term struggle, support during a current life situation, and/or your personal growth. Whatever your reasons, I know how important it is to find a therapist you can develop a solid relationship with. In our work together we will come to understand more about what isn't working. You may be feeling stuck, sad, alone, consumed by rage, or unsatisfied. You and I will work together to build a trusting and non-judgmental relationship where you feel safe to talk about yourself openly.
There are many reasons why you might be looking for a therapist: help with a long term struggle, support during a current life situation, and/or your personal growth. Whatever your reasons, I know how important it is to find a therapist you can develop a solid relationship with. In our work together we will come to understand more about what isn't working. You may be feeling stuck, sad, alone, consumed by rage, or unsatisfied. You and I will work together to build a trusting and non-judgmental relationship where you feel safe to talk about yourself openly.
(831) 264-1617 View (831) 264-1617
Photo of April Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Monterey, CA
April Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940  (Online Only)
My focus is working with individuals who are striving towards a healthier and happier version of themselves. I am passionate about holistic nature and movement based healing, which includes mind, body, and spirit. I utilize nature and movement based healing practices by taking therapy outside into nature. This modality allows access to powerful natural resources to help you address your goals, increase emotional and physical well-being, and promote healing and resilience. In this practice, I offer a hybrid of tele-health and nature-based sessions where we meet outside. Limited office based sessions are available upon request.
My focus is working with individuals who are striving towards a healthier and happier version of themselves. I am passionate about holistic nature and movement based healing, which includes mind, body, and spirit. I utilize nature and movement based healing practices by taking therapy outside into nature. This modality allows access to powerful natural resources to help you address your goals, increase emotional and physical well-being, and promote healing and resilience. In this practice, I offer a hybrid of tele-health and nature-based sessions where we meet outside. Limited office based sessions are available upon request.
(831) 246-7783 View (831) 246-7783
Photo of Ashley (Jeffries) Phillips, Counselor in Monterey, CA
Ashley (Jeffries) Phillips
Counselor, MA, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940  (Online Only)
Hi there! I'm Ashley (or AJ). I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) based in Monterey, California. I specialize in working with individuals from a depth psychological lens, meaning that my work is rooted in a deep respect for and inclusion of the mysteries and paradoxes of life. I believe that we each have a unique path to finding and cultivating the most authentic and nourishing possibilities for ourselves. My work with clients focuses on identity, meaning making, recovery, and connection. I specialize both in work with eating disorders, body autonomy, and the intersection of psychology and spirituality.
Hi there! I'm Ashley (or AJ). I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) based in Monterey, California. I specialize in working with individuals from a depth psychological lens, meaning that my work is rooted in a deep respect for and inclusion of the mysteries and paradoxes of life. I believe that we each have a unique path to finding and cultivating the most authentic and nourishing possibilities for ourselves. My work with clients focuses on identity, meaning making, recovery, and connection. I specialize both in work with eating disorders, body autonomy, and the intersection of psychology and spirituality.
(831) 263-0321 View (831) 263-0321
Photo of Ann D Kihara, Marriage & Family Therapist in Monterey, CA
Ann D Kihara
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Monterey, CA 93940
Waitlist for new clients
Do you have fears or concerns about your relationship that keep you up at night? Do you ever feel that your partner rarely hears or understands your real concerns? Do you avoid certain topics that always lead to conflict? Do you have issues in your relationship that have been unresolved for years? Do you sometimes feel hopeless? Please call me - help is available! I provide Couples Counseling and I am dedicated to helping you bring peace and joy back into your truly most important relationship.
Do you have fears or concerns about your relationship that keep you up at night? Do you ever feel that your partner rarely hears or understands your real concerns? Do you avoid certain topics that always lead to conflict? Do you have issues in your relationship that have been unresolved for years? Do you sometimes feel hopeless? Please call me - help is available! I provide Couples Counseling and I am dedicated to helping you bring peace and joy back into your truly most important relationship.
(831) 223-1857 View (831) 223-1857
Photo of Allison Anthony, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Monterey, CA
Allison Anthony
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monterey, CA 93940
I started going to therapy when I was teen and it was that experience that lead me to pursuing a career where I would be able to help those the way I was helped. This lead me to complete my undergraduate degree in Psychology with a minor in sociology as well as my Masters in Social Work at California State University of Monterey Bay. I have experience working with the unhoused who were struggling with addiction and severe mental illness, adolescents, adults and first responders. I have a strong foundation in working with depression, anxiety, trauma, personality disorders, substance use disorders and grief.
I started going to therapy when I was teen and it was that experience that lead me to pursuing a career where I would be able to help those the way I was helped. This lead me to complete my undergraduate degree in Psychology with a minor in sociology as well as my Masters in Social Work at California State University of Monterey Bay. I have experience working with the unhoused who were struggling with addiction and severe mental illness, adolescents, adults and first responders. I have a strong foundation in working with depression, anxiety, trauma, personality disorders, substance use disorders and grief.
(831) 220-3707 View (831) 220-3707
Photo of Sarah Laws, Marriage & Family Therapist in Monterey, CA
Sarah Laws
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93943  (Online Only)
Change is hard. Really hard. Finding the habits, thoughts, and chains that hold you back from the life you want to live, then shifting towards the habits, thoughts, and paths that help you live your core values and pursue the life you want is a journey that is so worthwhile, but fraught with doubts and steps backwards. I say this not to discourage you, but to be honest and up front. If you're ready to put in the work to change then I want to help you achieve that change.
Change is hard. Really hard. Finding the habits, thoughts, and chains that hold you back from the life you want to live, then shifting towards the habits, thoughts, and paths that help you live your core values and pursue the life you want is a journey that is so worthwhile, but fraught with doubts and steps backwards. I say this not to discourage you, but to be honest and up front. If you're ready to put in the work to change then I want to help you achieve that change.
(831) 291-4294 View (831) 291-4294
Photo of Araceli Meskus, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Monterey, CA
Araceli Meskus
Associate Clinical Social Worker, MSW , ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monterey, CA 93940
The struggles of life’s journey come with many stressors. These often result in anxiety, depression, and trauma affecting how we view ourselves and the world around us. These can cause an impact on our relationships with our loved ones and ourselves. You’re taking the first step toward overcoming those struggles - by choosing to seek healing, your highest potential, and the accomplishment of your goals. Servicios de terapia en español.
The struggles of life’s journey come with many stressors. These often result in anxiety, depression, and trauma affecting how we view ourselves and the world around us. These can cause an impact on our relationships with our loved ones and ourselves. You’re taking the first step toward overcoming those struggles - by choosing to seek healing, your highest potential, and the accomplishment of your goals. Servicios de terapia en español.
(831) 480-1650 View (831) 480-1650
Photo of Ronda Copeland, Marriage & Family Therapist in Monterey, CA
Ronda Copeland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940
People come to therapy for various reasons. You may be in crisis or you may want to work on long-standing behaviors that are no longer working for you. Maybe negative self-talk is getting in your way, or repeating the same behavior expecting different results and aren't sure how to make the necessary changes. Therapy is a process, finding the right therapist is important.
People come to therapy for various reasons. You may be in crisis or you may want to work on long-standing behaviors that are no longer working for you. Maybe negative self-talk is getting in your way, or repeating the same behavior expecting different results and aren't sure how to make the necessary changes. Therapy is a process, finding the right therapist is important.
(831) 646-8917 View (831) 646-8917
Photo of Maria Carmen Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Monterey, CA
Maria Carmen Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940
Seeking therapy is not easy, and you deserve the support that you’re looking for. I approach therapy from a strengths-based perspective, and my mission is to partner up with motivated individuals looking to improve their quality of life. I spend the first few sessions getting to know you as a person and learning about the issues that brought you to therapy. My job is to listen to you and provide insight and support to help you make sense of what is causing you distress and how we can move forward to help you live a happier and healthier life.
Seeking therapy is not easy, and you deserve the support that you’re looking for. I approach therapy from a strengths-based perspective, and my mission is to partner up with motivated individuals looking to improve their quality of life. I spend the first few sessions getting to know you as a person and learning about the issues that brought you to therapy. My job is to listen to you and provide insight and support to help you make sense of what is causing you distress and how we can move forward to help you live a happier and healthier life.
(831) 215-3611 View (831) 215-3611
Photo of Therapy Lab Monterey, Psychologist in Monterey, CA
Therapy Lab Monterey
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940  (Online Only)
Therapy Lab offers individual teletherapy that's based on a plan. Visit our website (therapylab.com) to explore a menu of treatment plans based on common goals for therapy. With your input, we'll make a plan that's based on your goals, your timeline, and your budget. Our science-based plans are designed to support you in overcoming distress (anxiety, relationship problems, work stress) so you walk away with emotional health and insight. At your first session, your exceptionally qualified therapist will get to know you and pick or design a plan that’s customized to your situation.
Therapy Lab offers individual teletherapy that's based on a plan. Visit our website (therapylab.com) to explore a menu of treatment plans based on common goals for therapy. With your input, we'll make a plan that's based on your goals, your timeline, and your budget. Our science-based plans are designed to support you in overcoming distress (anxiety, relationship problems, work stress) so you walk away with emotional health and insight. At your first session, your exceptionally qualified therapist will get to know you and pick or design a plan that’s customized to your situation.
(831) 231-1429 View (831) 231-1429
Photo of Judy D Zappacosta, Marriage & Family Therapist in Monterey, CA
Judy D Zappacosta
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, CST-T
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940
Not accepting new clients
I have been in private practice for over 30 years helping children, families and adults. My clinical work includes a Jungian orientation to therapy, including non-verbal Sandplay Therapy for children and adults,dreamwork and somatic awareness. It is also includes extremely practical perspectives. I am accepting new referrals for children, adults, and families as they move through life transitions, trauma, depression or adjustment difficulties. I am a certified Teaching Member of Sandplay Therapists of America.
I have been in private practice for over 30 years helping children, families and adults. My clinical work includes a Jungian orientation to therapy, including non-verbal Sandplay Therapy for children and adults,dreamwork and somatic awareness. It is also includes extremely practical perspectives. I am accepting new referrals for children, adults, and families as they move through life transitions, trauma, depression or adjustment difficulties. I am a certified Teaching Member of Sandplay Therapists of America.
(831) 272-0255 View (831) 272-0255
Photo of Justine Joslyn in Monterey, CA
Justine Joslyn
MA
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! Since 2007, I have helped couples & families with communication and connection, using coaching, mediation & reconciliation. I also assist individuals recover from depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction & ADHD/ADD, with support through transitions such as divorce, loss, abuse recovery & existential or spiritual awakening. My style is flexible and tailored to your preferences, balancing compassion with real results. You'll learn skills that re-connect you with your wise inner guidance, creating steady, calm confidence & energizing you to make smart, bold moves towards your life, career & creative goals.
Hello and welcome! Since 2007, I have helped couples & families with communication and connection, using coaching, mediation & reconciliation. I also assist individuals recover from depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction & ADHD/ADD, with support through transitions such as divorce, loss, abuse recovery & existential or spiritual awakening. My style is flexible and tailored to your preferences, balancing compassion with real results. You'll learn skills that re-connect you with your wise inner guidance, creating steady, calm confidence & energizing you to make smart, bold moves towards your life, career & creative goals.
(831) 353-8414 View (831) 353-8414
Photo of Glenn Morrison, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Monterey, CA
Glenn Morrison
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940  (Online Only)
As a member of the LGBTQ+ community in the Monterey area, I recognize the need for therapy services that address the unique experiences of those with nondominant sexual and gender identities. I also focus on couples and family therapy with those from both traditional and nontraditional family structures, including polyamorous and consensual non-monogamous relationships.
As a member of the LGBTQ+ community in the Monterey area, I recognize the need for therapy services that address the unique experiences of those with nondominant sexual and gender identities. I also focus on couples and family therapy with those from both traditional and nontraditional family structures, including polyamorous and consensual non-monogamous relationships.
(831) 263-0862 View (831) 263-0862
Photo of April Zobel Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Monterey, CA
April Zobel Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940
I believe in healing and I believe that the soul speaks when it is given the space to do so. I work as both a catalyst & teacher, helping discover & uncover what needs attention & tending to, and potentially leading to a life with less suffering & pain. If you're looking for help, your soul is probably speaking. Prior to becoming a therapist, I was a high school teacher. I have an affinity for working w/teens & young adults who are ready to uncover and heal trauma and pain from circumstances out of their control. I am especially drawn towards helping those struggling with addiction and those who have survived great trauma.
I believe in healing and I believe that the soul speaks when it is given the space to do so. I work as both a catalyst & teacher, helping discover & uncover what needs attention & tending to, and potentially leading to a life with less suffering & pain. If you're looking for help, your soul is probably speaking. Prior to becoming a therapist, I was a high school teacher. I have an affinity for working w/teens & young adults who are ready to uncover and heal trauma and pain from circumstances out of their control. I am especially drawn towards helping those struggling with addiction and those who have survived great trauma.
(831) 539-0428 View (831) 539-0428
Photo of Jennifer Dentici, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Monterey, CA
Jennifer Dentici, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PCCi
Verified Verified
Monterey, CA 93940
Working collaboratively, in a way that feels supportive, we will identify and reach goals in a timely manner to ensure you gain initial and sustainable relief. I offer effective support. With over a decade of experience working in private practice, mental health agencies, and schools, I have the training, education, and experience required to effectively treat a wide range of issues. Please contact me for a consultation.
Working collaboratively, in a way that feels supportive, we will identify and reach goals in a timely manner to ensure you gain initial and sustainable relief. I offer effective support. With over a decade of experience working in private practice, mental health agencies, and schools, I have the training, education, and experience required to effectively treat a wide range of issues. Please contact me for a consultation.
(831) 525-0097 View (831) 525-0097

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Monterey, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Monterey, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
80% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

45% Aetna
42% Other
37% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Monterey, CA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Monterey?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.