Mindfulness-Based (MBCT) Therapists in 46240

Photo of Jessica L. McVey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Jessica L. McVey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I utilize EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral, CPT and Mindfulness.
You are embarking the journey of therapy, a decision of strength and courage. I am an EMDR Consultant, and I specialize in treating trauma, generalized anxiety, panic, obsessive and/or negative thinking, depression, decreased self esteem and other associated conditions. I enjoy working alongside clients experiencing a variety of life transitions, adults seeking to gain a deeper understanding of family dynamics and themselves or are transitioning into new adult roles or within their family, and those who are seeking goals of finding meaning and purpose, as well as clients with general stressors
I utilize EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral, CPT and Mindfulness.
You are embarking the journey of therapy, a decision of strength and courage. I am an EMDR Consultant, and I specialize in treating trauma, generalized anxiety, panic, obsessive and/or negative thinking, depression, decreased self esteem and other associated conditions. I enjoy working alongside clients experiencing a variety of life transitions, adults seeking to gain a deeper understanding of family dynamics and themselves or are transitioning into new adult roles or within their family, and those who are seeking goals of finding meaning and purpose, as well as clients with general stressors
(317) 576-3685 View (317) 576-3685
Photo of Sophie Hans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Sophie Hans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I use CBT, DBT, and Solution Focused work, using mindfulness, breathing techniques, visualization, and goal setting to help clients reach their short and long-term goals.
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
I use CBT, DBT, and Solution Focused work, using mindfulness, breathing techniques, visualization, and goal setting to help clients reach their short and long-term goals.
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
(317) 953-5677 View (317) 953-5677
Photo of Adam Craig, Counselor in 46240, IN
Adam Craig
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
My approach to clinical work integrates aspects of Interpersonal Process-Oriented Therapies, Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT), Schema Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and mindfulness-based treatment approaches.
Therapy is tough work that requires a strong partnership. For that, we both need to do our best to relate straightforwardly with one another. My primary concern in therapy is to develop an honest relationship driven by a shared desire to understand your life, and how you came to be this version of yourself. After that, I'll help you decide whether you should seek to make changes and how to go about that.
My approach to clinical work integrates aspects of Interpersonal Process-Oriented Therapies, Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT), Schema Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and mindfulness-based treatment approaches.
Therapy is tough work that requires a strong partnership. For that, we both need to do our best to relate straightforwardly with one another. My primary concern in therapy is to develop an honest relationship driven by a shared desire to understand your life, and how you came to be this version of yourself. After that, I'll help you decide whether you should seek to make changes and how to go about that.
(463) 222-4784 View (463) 222-4784
Photo of Paige Bemiller, Counselor in 46240, IN
Paige Bemiller
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
Whether clients are navigating difficult relationships, coping with anxiety or depression, or seeking guidance through life's transitions, my approach is rooted in compassion, mindfulness, and evidence-based techniques tailored to the client's unique needs and goals.
My ideal client is someone who wants to actively pursue new paths to find their true, healthy self. Ideally, ready to do the work. I am here to challenge cognitive distortions. I will be a partner in brainstorming issues and goals. Hard work from the client and support from an intuitive counselor will clear the path to the answers within.
Whether clients are navigating difficult relationships, coping with anxiety or depression, or seeking guidance through life's transitions, my approach is rooted in compassion, mindfulness, and evidence-based techniques tailored to the client's unique needs and goals.
My ideal client is someone who wants to actively pursue new paths to find their true, healthy self. Ideally, ready to do the work. I am here to challenge cognitive distortions. I will be a partner in brainstorming issues and goals. Hard work from the client and support from an intuitive counselor will clear the path to the answers within.
(463) 219-2812 View (463) 219-2812
Photo of Dr. Noah Z. Spring, Psychologist in 46240, IN
Dr. Noah Z. Spring
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP, NRHSP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
I have special interests in mindfulness, nutrition, emotional awareness, and coping strategies.
The choice to change your life's direction can be a challenging one, much like finding the right therapist. If you are looking for extra support through a difficult time or seeking to set out on a path of self-discovery, I can help you achieve your goals. So many of us struggle to experience the type of life we know we deserve; by working together in a relaxing and healing environment, you and I can come to a better understanding of what may be holding you back. Thank you for the opportunity to take part in your journey.
I have special interests in mindfulness, nutrition, emotional awareness, and coping strategies.
The choice to change your life's direction can be a challenging one, much like finding the right therapist. If you are looking for extra support through a difficult time or seeking to set out on a path of self-discovery, I can help you achieve your goals. So many of us struggle to experience the type of life we know we deserve; by working together in a relaxing and healing environment, you and I can come to a better understanding of what may be holding you back. Thank you for the opportunity to take part in your journey.
(317) 739-4669 View (317) 739-4669
Photo of Dr. Stephanie Trent, Counselor in 46240, IN
Dr. Stephanie Trent
Counselor, PhD , LMHC , LCAC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
My therapeutic style is grounded in evidence-based practices, such as cognitive-behavior therapy, mindfulness, solution-focused brief therapy, & the matrix model.
I specialize in helping those with anxiety, depression, & relationship issues. Whether it is a relational, work, school, or family issue, talking about it with someone often aids in clarity and change. I want to help those individuals/families who are struggling to make sense of the chaos, look for understanding insight, and make those changes that will help them to start feeling more hopeful and excited about life again.
My therapeutic style is grounded in evidence-based practices, such as cognitive-behavior therapy, mindfulness, solution-focused brief therapy, & the matrix model.
I specialize in helping those with anxiety, depression, & relationship issues. Whether it is a relational, work, school, or family issue, talking about it with someone often aids in clarity and change. I want to help those individuals/families who are struggling to make sense of the chaos, look for understanding insight, and make those changes that will help them to start feeling more hopeful and excited about life again.
(317) 659-7972 View (317) 659-7972
Photo of Emily Shoemaker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Emily Shoemaker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I believe that each of us receives support in different ways and it is important to make the therapy process specific to you! Some of my specialties include emotion regulation strategies, cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness practice.
I am a mental health counselor with experience partnering alongside clients of all ages who hope to achieve a greater sense of wellbeing. I have worked with clients experiencing a broad range of concerns including depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, complex trauma, family/relationship difficulties, and more. Whether you are looking to talk through a current life transition, receive support for ongoing challenges, create healthier relationships, or seek diagnosis and treatment for mental illness- I am committed to creating a safe, healing space for you.
I believe that each of us receives support in different ways and it is important to make the therapy process specific to you! Some of my specialties include emotion regulation strategies, cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness practice.
I am a mental health counselor with experience partnering alongside clients of all ages who hope to achieve a greater sense of wellbeing. I have worked with clients experiencing a broad range of concerns including depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, complex trauma, family/relationship difficulties, and more. Whether you are looking to talk through a current life transition, receive support for ongoing challenges, create healthier relationships, or seek diagnosis and treatment for mental illness- I am committed to creating a safe, healing space for you.
(317) 458-9822 View (317) 458-9822
Photo of Adriaka Jackson, Counselor in 46240, IN
Adriaka Jackson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
I also integrate mindfulness and positive affirmations to help you develop a stronger relationship with yourself.
Do you feel that you have lost yourself in the day-to-day routine of life? Are you feeling overwhelmed and as if the challenges of life itself are consuming the you that you desire to be? Do you desire to take control of your life and restore balance? I assist individuals with effectively managing anxiety, stress, anger, depression, and addiction. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths to overcome the things in life that challenge you. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to a healthy balance.
I also integrate mindfulness and positive affirmations to help you develop a stronger relationship with yourself.
Do you feel that you have lost yourself in the day-to-day routine of life? Are you feeling overwhelmed and as if the challenges of life itself are consuming the you that you desire to be? Do you desire to take control of your life and restore balance? I assist individuals with effectively managing anxiety, stress, anger, depression, and addiction. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths to overcome the things in life that challenge you. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to a healthy balance.
(574) 891-5940 View (574) 891-5940
Photo of Brandie Fitch, Counselor in 46240, IN
Brandie Fitch
Counselor, MEd, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to maintain healthy relationships? Do you feel overwhelmed with life stressors? Do you find it difficult to focus on self-care? I work with highly motivated and high-achieving individuals and couples just like you to better manage and cope with stress, anxiety, trauma, life stressors, and other issues that may be holding you back from living the life you want. Together we can figure out what’s not working and implement strategies for change, growth, and healing. We will use an integrated, whole-person approach, focusing on mind, body, and spirit, and drawing from mindfulness and your own values to guide us.
Are you struggling to maintain healthy relationships? Do you feel overwhelmed with life stressors? Do you find it difficult to focus on self-care? I work with highly motivated and high-achieving individuals and couples just like you to better manage and cope with stress, anxiety, trauma, life stressors, and other issues that may be holding you back from living the life you want. Together we can figure out what’s not working and implement strategies for change, growth, and healing. We will use an integrated, whole-person approach, focusing on mind, body, and spirit, and drawing from mindfulness and your own values to guide us.
(260) 960-5204 View (260) 960-5204
Photo of Patty Bittinger Mansfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Patty Bittinger Mansfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Strategies will be chosen that best fit your comfort level whether it be mindfulness, meditation, positive self-talk or calming skills.
Do you ever feel overwhelmed? Constantly trying to juggle home, work, possibly school and social situations? Since the pandemic or (maybe before the pandemic), have you felt anxious, nervous waiting "for the next ball to drop?" At times, do you feel it takes too much time and effort to become involved in social situations and activities again? I help people of all ages to learn skills and strategies to work past their anxieties and depression. Becoming aware of anxiety and depression and learn different ways to work with these feelings and take control of them can be very empowering.
Strategies will be chosen that best fit your comfort level whether it be mindfulness, meditation, positive self-talk or calming skills.
Do you ever feel overwhelmed? Constantly trying to juggle home, work, possibly school and social situations? Since the pandemic or (maybe before the pandemic), have you felt anxious, nervous waiting "for the next ball to drop?" At times, do you feel it takes too much time and effort to become involved in social situations and activities again? I help people of all ages to learn skills and strategies to work past their anxieties and depression. Becoming aware of anxiety and depression and learn different ways to work with these feelings and take control of them can be very empowering.
(317) 785-1037 View (317) 785-1037
Photo of Branda-Lee Maurushes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Branda-Lee Maurushes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
My techniques focus on motivation, stress management, gratitude, mindfulness, goal attainment, conflict resolution, problem-solving, acceptance, and the ability to reframe negative thoughts.
The stress of life is inevitable, it is how we manage it that makes all the difference in the world. Living in a time of uncertainty, it can cause feelings of helplessness and sadness. I am here to support you along your journey towards peace and happiness. I serve the adult population between the ages of 18 and 75 who may be experiencing issues related to the following: anger management, anxiety, low self-esteem/poor body image, depression, addiction, grief, unresolved childhood experiences, and relationship or marital conflicts. I also enjoy working with individuals who simply feel stuck and want to achieve greater fulfillment.
My techniques focus on motivation, stress management, gratitude, mindfulness, goal attainment, conflict resolution, problem-solving, acceptance, and the ability to reframe negative thoughts.
The stress of life is inevitable, it is how we manage it that makes all the difference in the world. Living in a time of uncertainty, it can cause feelings of helplessness and sadness. I am here to support you along your journey towards peace and happiness. I serve the adult population between the ages of 18 and 75 who may be experiencing issues related to the following: anger management, anxiety, low self-esteem/poor body image, depression, addiction, grief, unresolved childhood experiences, and relationship or marital conflicts. I also enjoy working with individuals who simply feel stuck and want to achieve greater fulfillment.
(317) 204-8404 View (317) 204-8404
Photo of Cheryl Wallen, Counselor in 46240, IN
Cheryl Wallen
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Hi there, I'm Cheryl, Do you feel pulled in a million directions, unable to fit it all in? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, work and health? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? I help manage depression, anxiety, and stress. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to balance. We'll use a whole self approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit. I also integrate mindfulness, CBT and person-centered to help you develop a stronger relationship with yourself.
Hi there, I'm Cheryl, Do you feel pulled in a million directions, unable to fit it all in? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, work and health? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? I help manage depression, anxiety, and stress. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to balance. We'll use a whole self approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit. I also integrate mindfulness, CBT and person-centered to help you develop a stronger relationship with yourself.
(812) 416-4468 View (812) 416-4468
Photo of Sarah E Hewitt, Counselor in 46240, IN
Sarah E Hewitt
Counselor, CMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is mindfulness based and solution focused.
As we go through life we face challenges, from these challenges we may experience pain and suffering. As this pain becomes stored within us it creates burdens that may sometimes be too heavy to bear. As a result many may turn to temporary solutions. As I work with clients to explore and resolve pain and trauma more permanent solutions are often discovered and the burden of pain is reduced.
My approach to therapy is mindfulness based and solution focused.
As we go through life we face challenges, from these challenges we may experience pain and suffering. As this pain becomes stored within us it creates burdens that may sometimes be too heavy to bear. As a result many may turn to temporary solutions. As I work with clients to explore and resolve pain and trauma more permanent solutions are often discovered and the burden of pain is reduced.
(765) 275-9880 View (765) 275-9880
Photo of Brabant Counseling , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Brabant Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Hi there, I'm Amy. I offer a mindfulness based approach to life's struggles.
Hi there, I'm Amy. I offer a mindfulness based approach to life's struggles.
(317) 934-6200 View (317) 934-6200
Photo of Vanessa Ford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Vanessa Ford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
We will utilize evidence based practices together , such as CBT, EMDR, DBT, solution focused, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Welcome! I am Vanessa Ford, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have 20 years of therapy and mental health services under my belt. Most of my experience has taken place in a community mental health setting providing therapy to adults and children, along with treating adolescents in the school setting. I was also lucky enough to get some experience in an inpatient unit, ERs, nursing homes, and a state residential facility for children as part of my educational/training experience. I have been told my strengths are making clients comfortable to open up and not feel judged.
We will utilize evidence based practices together , such as CBT, EMDR, DBT, solution focused, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Welcome! I am Vanessa Ford, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have 20 years of therapy and mental health services under my belt. Most of my experience has taken place in a community mental health setting providing therapy to adults and children, along with treating adolescents in the school setting. I was also lucky enough to get some experience in an inpatient unit, ERs, nursing homes, and a state residential facility for children as part of my educational/training experience. I have been told my strengths are making clients comfortable to open up and not feel judged.
(812) 613-2105 View (812) 613-2105
Photo of Richard Rodgers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Richard Rodgers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CADC, CTTP, CIMPH
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Rick is a Certified Alcohol Drug Counselor and Trauma-informed Clinician who takes an authentic approach with his clients. He is licensed in Indiana and Illinois and is currently accepting virtual clients. Rick is a yoga instructor and a veteran with years of trauma and addiction management experience. He is trained in ACT, DBT, EMDR, TF-CBT, IFS, and Mindfulness. Rick has also completed Dr. Karyl McBride's WIEBGE therapist training and can be found on the WIEBGE therapist registry. this is geared for adult children of narcissistic parents.
Rick is a Certified Alcohol Drug Counselor and Trauma-informed Clinician who takes an authentic approach with his clients. He is licensed in Indiana and Illinois and is currently accepting virtual clients. Rick is a yoga instructor and a veteran with years of trauma and addiction management experience. He is trained in ACT, DBT, EMDR, TF-CBT, IFS, and Mindfulness. Rick has also completed Dr. Karyl McBride's WIEBGE therapist training and can be found on the WIEBGE therapist registry. this is geared for adult children of narcissistic parents.
(812) 251-5064 View (812) 251-5064
Photo of Nicole Nethery, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Nicole Nethery
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
I utilize CBT and mindfulness in order to assist individuals struggling with their feelings and coping.
Hi, I'm Nicole! Are you feeling empty from a loss? Thinking that you'll never move past this time in your life? I want to help you feel whole again after the loss of a loved one, career, or relationship. I will teach you how to acknowledge triggers and how to cope successfully when they arise.
I utilize CBT and mindfulness in order to assist individuals struggling with their feelings and coping.
Hi, I'm Nicole! Are you feeling empty from a loss? Thinking that you'll never move past this time in your life? I want to help you feel whole again after the loss of a loved one, career, or relationship. I will teach you how to acknowledge triggers and how to cope successfully when they arise.
(317) 932-8206 View (317) 932-8206
Photo of Dr. Cari Pearson Carter, Psychologist in 46240, IN
Dr. Cari Pearson Carter
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
Eating disorders (ED), anxiety, and/or stress can take hold of you so it feels like you are no longer living the life you want. Do thoughts of food or weight, or feelings of guilt consume you? Or does Worry make it difficult to enjoy time with friends or family? Or maybe you feel so stressed that you feel like you might explode? These things can make it really difficult to be who you truly are; they can pull you away from life and the things that actually matter to you, like relationships, work, and pleasant activities (e.g., reading a book, going for a hike).
Eating disorders (ED), anxiety, and/or stress can take hold of you so it feels like you are no longer living the life you want. Do thoughts of food or weight, or feelings of guilt consume you? Or does Worry make it difficult to enjoy time with friends or family? Or maybe you feel so stressed that you feel like you might explode? These things can make it really difficult to be who you truly are; they can pull you away from life and the things that actually matter to you, like relationships, work, and pleasant activities (e.g., reading a book, going for a hike).
(317) 483-8216 View (317) 483-8216
Photo of Ama Ronke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Ama Ronke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker and clinical hypnotherapist specializing in life success for all ages. The more you look into the darkness, the lighter it becomes. This is my life statement. I have seen the darkest times, and the worst of times, and have experienced personal failures in life.
I am a licensed clinical social worker and clinical hypnotherapist specializing in life success for all ages. The more you look into the darkness, the lighter it becomes. This is my life statement. I have seen the darkest times, and the worst of times, and have experienced personal failures in life.
(317) 527-4564 View (317) 527-4564
Photo of Joan Schneider, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 46240, IN
Joan Schneider
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
This is a big step in seeking a therapist, a step closer to peace of mind and healing your heart. Listening, being heard, witnessing, and validating your story are invaluable to your recovery. I am skilled in the area of addictions and have worked with adults and Seniors who have been physically, sexually, spiritually, verbally, or emotionally abused. I have worked with people with chronic or terminal illnesses, and surviving a loss, grief, and bereavement. I will help you learn about compassion for yourself and help you restore your integrity and self-esteem. This can be a transformation, helping you become who you want to be!
This is a big step in seeking a therapist, a step closer to peace of mind and healing your heart. Listening, being heard, witnessing, and validating your story are invaluable to your recovery. I am skilled in the area of addictions and have worked with adults and Seniors who have been physically, sexually, spiritually, verbally, or emotionally abused. I have worked with people with chronic or terminal illnesses, and surviving a loss, grief, and bereavement. I will help you learn about compassion for yourself and help you restore your integrity and self-esteem. This can be a transformation, helping you become who you want to be!
(317) 961-8846 View (317) 961-8846
Mindfulness-Based (MBCT) Therapists

How does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy work?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy originated in the work of John Kabat-Zinn of the University of Massachusetts Medical School. He developed mindfulness-based stress reduction, which is a technique found in yoga and meditation. MBCT is a combination of this type of stress reduction and cognitive behavioral therapy; it essentially quiets emotional distress through mindfulness, utilizing proper breathing and meditation. These techniques aim to bring the individual into the present moment when in a state of distress.

When do I know if I need treatment with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

If an individual’s mind is filled with emotional distress and general negativity, the person may feel trapped. A mindfulness-based cognitive therapist can help a person change their thinking patterns as well as their behavior through calm acceptance and compassion. This therapy can provide an individual with the coping skills needed for a healthier and more constructive life.

What should I expect from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

This therapy often takes place in group sessions. A therapist will work with the group as well as with each individual. Meditation and breathing exercises are core practices that aim to invite inquiry and discovery into a person’s troubled mental state. The objective is to identify and lessen negative thoughts and behaviors and move toward optimal health and productivity. The individual will see life in a more realistic way. This therapy is supportive, accepting, and warm.

Is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy effective?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is evidence-based and effective. One study found that people with major depressive disorder have benefitted from this type of therapy; the person accepts their distressed thoughts and also moves into healthier patterns of thinking. This therapy also aims to move an individual away from automatic negative responses. This type of therapy can bring a person lifelong change, with higher levels of satisfaction, less stress, as well as positive emotional and behavioral habits.