Therapists in Petaluma, CA

Photo of Ashley Smith Taggart, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Ashley Smith Taggart
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94952
You’re considered to be quite successful in many areas of your life. Even though you know this is true, you don’t feel like you’re doing well at the moment. You’re smart, capable, and usually able to solve your problems, but trying to “fix” your emotional struggles just hasn’t worked. The demands of your work and personal life feel like they're just too much for you to handle right now. Your relationship with your partner might be a struggle. You may feel burned out.
You’re considered to be quite successful in many areas of your life. Even though you know this is true, you don’t feel like you’re doing well at the moment. You’re smart, capable, and usually able to solve your problems, but trying to “fix” your emotional struggles just hasn’t worked. The demands of your work and personal life feel like they're just too much for you to handle right now. Your relationship with your partner might be a struggle. You may feel burned out.
(650) 440-7819 View (650) 440-7819
Photo of Kimberly Jordan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Kimberly Jordan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94954  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with a transition, experiencing the loss of a loved one or a relationship, or perhaps have lost touch with your own sense of joy and vibrancy? Therapy can help to bring you to a new place of understanding, perspective, inspiration and purpose. I am passionate about supporting individuals to create and live authentic, heart-centered lives. I am a holistically oriented therapist which means I believe in the connection of body, mind, and spirit and emotions. I enjoy helping clients uncover and heal what ever may be holding them back from living the life they desire.
Are you struggling with a transition, experiencing the loss of a loved one or a relationship, or perhaps have lost touch with your own sense of joy and vibrancy? Therapy can help to bring you to a new place of understanding, perspective, inspiration and purpose. I am passionate about supporting individuals to create and live authentic, heart-centered lives. I am a holistically oriented therapist which means I believe in the connection of body, mind, and spirit and emotions. I enjoy helping clients uncover and heal what ever may be holding them back from living the life they desire.
(628) 333-3251 View (628) 333-3251
Photo of Jill Kane, Psychologist in Petaluma, CA
Jill Kane
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94952
I know how hard it can be to ask for help. This can be even more difficult when you are feeling vulnerable, depressed, anxious or stressed. Therapy is enormously helpful. My goal is to provide a safe, non judgemental environment in which to discuss your concerns and help you feel better. We will work collaboratively to develop a treatment plan that works for you.
I know how hard it can be to ask for help. This can be even more difficult when you are feeling vulnerable, depressed, anxious or stressed. Therapy is enormously helpful. My goal is to provide a safe, non judgemental environment in which to discuss your concerns and help you feel better. We will work collaboratively to develop a treatment plan that works for you.
(650) 209-7920 View (650) 209-7920
Photo of Lori L. Crowley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Lori L. Crowley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94952
Waitlist for new clients
My clients are NeuroDivergent individuals or their families and supports whose experience of the world is overwhelming. They are in need of hope, encouragement and direction in order to feel whole and valued. Their overwhelm has led to frustration and uncertainty over possibilities, and what to do next. They arrive, feeling unsafe in their environments, unable to communicate so they are understood, and unappreciated for who they truly are. By establishing a safe relationship and working environment we create the tools necessary to be heard, seen and appreciated. These are the missing cornerstones of their growth and expansion.
My clients are NeuroDivergent individuals or their families and supports whose experience of the world is overwhelming. They are in need of hope, encouragement and direction in order to feel whole and valued. Their overwhelm has led to frustration and uncertainty over possibilities, and what to do next. They arrive, feeling unsafe in their environments, unable to communicate so they are understood, and unappreciated for who they truly are. By establishing a safe relationship and working environment we create the tools necessary to be heard, seen and appreciated. These are the missing cornerstones of their growth and expansion.
(925) 258-2959 View (925) 258-2959
Photo of Christina M Ingenito, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Christina M Ingenito
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Petaluma, CA 94952
Not accepting new clients
The current focus of my practice is psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, which includes ketamine-assisted psychotherapy and psychedelic integration support, which I offer individually and in groups. I also facilitate psilocybin retreats for individuals, couples, and groups in Jamaica through the Diaspora Psychedelic Society. I am not currently accepting new psychotherapy clients.
The current focus of my practice is psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, which includes ketamine-assisted psychotherapy and psychedelic integration support, which I offer individually and in groups. I also facilitate psilocybin retreats for individuals, couples, and groups in Jamaica through the Diaspora Psychedelic Society. I am not currently accepting new psychotherapy clients.
(707) 271-9052 View (707) 271-9052
Photo of Sloan Gorman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Sloan Gorman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Petaluma, CA 94952
You deserve to be happy and to live to your full potential. I offer two powerful protocols that can help you achieve your goals in the most efficient way possible.
You deserve to be happy and to live to your full potential. I offer two powerful protocols that can help you achieve your goals in the most efficient way possible.
(707) 781-8227 View (707) 781-8227
Photo of Victoria Dobbins, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Petaluma, CA
Victoria Dobbins
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Petaluma, CA 94952
Waitlist for new clients
I am a therapist who specializes in working with children, teens, young adults, and adults. I focus on supporting my clients in finding their voices within the systems they live. My goal as your therapist is to support you in navigating feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that are impacting your life, navigating changes/transitions, and achieving your personal goals. As a board certified art therapist (ATR-BC) I encourage my clients to explore themselves through the process of creative expression. I am a warm and welcoming, yet direct therapist, and my overall hope is to help you thrive!
I am a therapist who specializes in working with children, teens, young adults, and adults. I focus on supporting my clients in finding their voices within the systems they live. My goal as your therapist is to support you in navigating feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that are impacting your life, navigating changes/transitions, and achieving your personal goals. As a board certified art therapist (ATR-BC) I encourage my clients to explore themselves through the process of creative expression. I am a warm and welcoming, yet direct therapist, and my overall hope is to help you thrive!
(707) 378-5259 View (707) 378-5259
Photo of Kindness and Compassion Creates Action , Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Kindness and Compassion Creates Action [KCCA]
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94952
Starting a journey towards recovery can be a brave and empowering decision, and you don't have to face it alone. At KCCA Therapy Services, we are here to support you. We strive to provide a nurturing environment where individuals can find solace, growth, and a deeper understanding of themselves through our compassionate approach, extensive knowledge, and proven methods. There is a more profound complexity to eating disorders beyond just food. These conditions are intricately intertwined with one's emotional well-being, self-image, and daily experiences.
Starting a journey towards recovery can be a brave and empowering decision, and you don't have to face it alone. At KCCA Therapy Services, we are here to support you. We strive to provide a nurturing environment where individuals can find solace, growth, and a deeper understanding of themselves through our compassionate approach, extensive knowledge, and proven methods. There is a more profound complexity to eating disorders beyond just food. These conditions are intricately intertwined with one's emotional well-being, self-image, and daily experiences.
(925) 261-7814 View (925) 261-7814
Photo of Elizabeth Sockolov, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Elizabeth Sockolov
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94954
You are interested in counseling because you need help with anxiety or addiction. You are open to trying mindfulness, meditation, exercise or whatever it takes to heal. Its ok with you if therapy includes a little tough love because you don't need someone to cosign your BS. And... you also want someone who can listen to you and offer empathy and compassion. Additionally, you reached out to me because you thought we would be a good fit. You are my ideal client. You know what you want and you aren't afraid to do the work!
You are interested in counseling because you need help with anxiety or addiction. You are open to trying mindfulness, meditation, exercise or whatever it takes to heal. Its ok with you if therapy includes a little tough love because you don't need someone to cosign your BS. And... you also want someone who can listen to you and offer empathy and compassion. Additionally, you reached out to me because you thought we would be a good fit. You are my ideal client. You know what you want and you aren't afraid to do the work!
(707) 415-8643 View (707) 415-8643
Willa Wellness Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Petaluma, CA 94954
At Willa Wellness Center, our mission is to provide the highest quality care for eating disorders in a compassionate environment, allowing women to find their own unique path toward lasting recovery. Willa Wellness Center was created in response to the desperate need for eating disorder treatment options, specifically in the North Bay. We focus on individualized care to restore the entire person: physically, mentally, emotionally & spiritually. Our team of eating disorder physicians, therapists & dietitians are passionate about providing a welcoming environment as our clients break away from disordered eating behaviors and move toward living a life of joy, purpose & peace. We offer 2 levels of care, PHP and IOP, and treat all forms of disordered eating.
At Willa Wellness Center, our mission is to provide the highest quality care for eating disorders in a compassionate environment, allowing women to find their own unique path toward lasting recovery. Willa Wellness Center was created in response to the desperate need for eating disorder treatment options, specifically in the North Bay. We focus on individualized care to restore the entire person: physically, mentally, emotionally & spiritually. Our team of eating disorder physicians, therapists & dietitians are passionate about providing a welcoming environment as our clients break away from disordered eating behaviors and move toward living a life of joy, purpose & peace. We offer 2 levels of care, PHP and IOP, and treat all forms of disordered eating.
(707) 728-8543 View (707) 728-8543
Photo of Sonja Wanhala, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Sonja Wanhala
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94952
I work with both children and adults and provide each client with the individualized support they need. I have specialized training in OCD and Brainspotting and work with individuals inflicted by anxiety, depression and life transitions. I also offer parenting support and educational consultation around the IEP process.
I work with both children and adults and provide each client with the individualized support they need. I have specialized training in OCD and Brainspotting and work with individuals inflicted by anxiety, depression and life transitions. I also offer parenting support and educational consultation around the IEP process.
(707) 416-2392 View (707) 416-2392
Photo of Cheryl Jern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Cheryl Jern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, MFT
Verified Verified
Petaluma, CA 94952
Psychotherapy can dramatically change your life. It can help you find hope out of hopelessness and meaning out of suffering. Sometimes we just need a helping hand. For over 35 years, I've been helping clients move from self-doubt, fear and judgment to a place of healing and self-acceptance. I have a special interest in working with individuals with chronic illness; individuals suffering from grief and loss; and the issues of aging.
Psychotherapy can dramatically change your life. It can help you find hope out of hopelessness and meaning out of suffering. Sometimes we just need a helping hand. For over 35 years, I've been helping clients move from self-doubt, fear and judgment to a place of healing and self-acceptance. I have a special interest in working with individuals with chronic illness; individuals suffering from grief and loss; and the issues of aging.
(707) 267-2599 View (707) 267-2599
Photo of Joan Menke Butler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Joan Menke Butler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94952  (Online Only)
I am again resuming a specialty in Couples Therapy: Helping couples re-connect, better handle conflict, and feel the love ! also focus on coaching executives, entrepreneurs, and individuals create and implement the business and life goals that are important to them. I also assist you in understanding and moving to a place in your life that you are getting your needs and desires met. I help you to live the life you love personally and professionally and have these goals connect in harmony so you can life the life you love with the love of your life.
I am again resuming a specialty in Couples Therapy: Helping couples re-connect, better handle conflict, and feel the love ! also focus on coaching executives, entrepreneurs, and individuals create and implement the business and life goals that are important to them. I also assist you in understanding and moving to a place in your life that you are getting your needs and desires met. I help you to live the life you love personally and professionally and have these goals connect in harmony so you can life the life you love with the love of your life.
(707) 809-5937 x1 View (707) 809-5937 x1
Photo of Zan Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Zan Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Petaluma, CA 94952
A great teacher at Esalen Institute once told me, "We are wounded in relationship and we heal in our relationships". I have come to believe this whole-heartedly as I see our relationships with others, ourselves, and even the earth break down and get off balance, lacking fulfillment or even becoming destructive. Most people who have suffered neglect, trauma or loss become discouraged, needing support and resources to heal and move forward with hope. However, I believe all people carry the seed of intuitive insight and courage that they need to make positive changes in their lives.
A great teacher at Esalen Institute once told me, "We are wounded in relationship and we heal in our relationships". I have come to believe this whole-heartedly as I see our relationships with others, ourselves, and even the earth break down and get off balance, lacking fulfillment or even becoming destructive. Most people who have suffered neglect, trauma or loss become discouraged, needing support and resources to heal and move forward with hope. However, I believe all people carry the seed of intuitive insight and courage that they need to make positive changes in their lives.
(415) 498-1184 View (415) 498-1184
Photo of Judith 'J' Barlas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Judith 'J' Barlas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94954  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy is not the mystery it once was. Blending SCIENCE with COMPASSION, EMPATHY, SKILL, HUMOR, WARMTH, INTUITION, AND CONFIDENCE I will help you create the future you want and changes that last. How does change occur? How do I find the right therapist? These are both questions one asks whether embarking on this journey for the first time, or re-entering therapy for deeper connection. Therapy is also an art. Drawing from the palette of NEUROSCIENCE, THEORY, LIFE EXPERIENCE, TEACHING, PASSION, INTUITION, and SKILL, I will help you effect real change. Learn more by clicking "WEBSITE", above or go to www.jbarlastherapy.com
Therapy is not the mystery it once was. Blending SCIENCE with COMPASSION, EMPATHY, SKILL, HUMOR, WARMTH, INTUITION, AND CONFIDENCE I will help you create the future you want and changes that last. How does change occur? How do I find the right therapist? These are both questions one asks whether embarking on this journey for the first time, or re-entering therapy for deeper connection. Therapy is also an art. Drawing from the palette of NEUROSCIENCE, THEORY, LIFE EXPERIENCE, TEACHING, PASSION, INTUITION, and SKILL, I will help you effect real change. Learn more by clicking "WEBSITE", above or go to www.jbarlastherapy.com
(707) 820-7944 View (707) 820-7944
Photo of Kitu Jhawar-Terris, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Kitu Jhawar-Terris
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94952
Therapy provides the opportunity to address personal concerns while identifying strengths to improve functioning, recovery, and growth. By taking a non-judgemental collaborative stance in therapy, I am able to help support positive and long lasting change. I offer a variety of methods to clients of all ages who are interested in exploring and resolving internal conflicts and overcoming challenges that prevent them from realizing their full potential. I can help you or your child build self-esteem and social skills, improve communication skills, and provide the tools to help cope with emotions.
Therapy provides the opportunity to address personal concerns while identifying strengths to improve functioning, recovery, and growth. By taking a non-judgemental collaborative stance in therapy, I am able to help support positive and long lasting change. I offer a variety of methods to clients of all ages who are interested in exploring and resolving internal conflicts and overcoming challenges that prevent them from realizing their full potential. I can help you or your child build self-esteem and social skills, improve communication skills, and provide the tools to help cope with emotions.
(707) 549-6915 View (707) 549-6915
Photo of Christina Reed, Psychologist in Petaluma, CA
Christina Reed
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94954
I am a Clinical Psychologist and I enjoy working with children, families, couples and individuals. I have been working with children and families for over 8 years. Specifically much of my work has focused on children 0-5 and their caregivers. We all need a little support during life's transitions and it takes a lot of strength to ask for help. I use a collateral approach when working with families and individuals, my belief is that you are the expert and I will support you through your journey whatever it may be.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and I enjoy working with children, families, couples and individuals. I have been working with children and families for over 8 years. Specifically much of my work has focused on children 0-5 and their caregivers. We all need a little support during life's transitions and it takes a lot of strength to ask for help. I use a collateral approach when working with families and individuals, my belief is that you are the expert and I will support you through your journey whatever it may be.
(707) 549-6530 View (707) 549-6530
Photo of Richard Scott, Psychologist in Petaluma, CA
Richard Scott
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Petaluma, CA 94952
My name is Dr. Scott, and I have been practicing for over 20 years as a clinical. Health, CAM, and Immigration specialist psychologist, and my highest degree earned is my Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology), accompanied by a D.C.H. (Doctor of Clinical Hypnosis) and a doctorate level medical school education (M.D.). I have also studied many other fields. I start with CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy) in treatment and integrate many other empirically based treatment modalities as psychotherapy progresses.
My name is Dr. Scott, and I have been practicing for over 20 years as a clinical. Health, CAM, and Immigration specialist psychologist, and my highest degree earned is my Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology), accompanied by a D.C.H. (Doctor of Clinical Hypnosis) and a doctorate level medical school education (M.D.). I have also studied many other fields. I start with CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy) in treatment and integrate many other empirically based treatment modalities as psychotherapy progresses.
(707) 343-4424 View (707) 343-4424
Photo of Alen Schwab, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Alen Schwab
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Petaluma, CA 94954
Please note I currently have limited openings - hope to speak to you soon, thanks..! If you struggle with depression or anxiety, I can help. If you have an ADHD brain or suspect you do, I can support you to cope with it. I can also assist with personal growth: understanding yourself, coping with traumatic experiences, and self-actualization.
Please note I currently have limited openings - hope to speak to you soon, thanks..! If you struggle with depression or anxiety, I can help. If you have an ADHD brain or suspect you do, I can support you to cope with it. I can also assist with personal growth: understanding yourself, coping with traumatic experiences, and self-actualization.
(707) 881-9016 View (707) 881-9016
Photo of Mary V Richey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Petaluma, CA
Mary V Richey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CEAP
Verified Verified
Petaluma, CA 94954  (Online Only)
Are you finding the stresses of living and being in relationships overwhelming? Are you feeling distant from your partner, child, or workmate? Are you feeling distressed in relationship, not at ease with yourself? Sometimes our challenges, both personal and with other people, feel beyond our capacity to encompass. I work with you to find the places of disconnection within yourself and within your relationships. We work together to experience in body, mind and emotion, the best you can bring to your life, no matter the challenges. The result is transforming for your experience of yourself and your connection to others.
Are you finding the stresses of living and being in relationships overwhelming? Are you feeling distant from your partner, child, or workmate? Are you feeling distressed in relationship, not at ease with yourself? Sometimes our challenges, both personal and with other people, feel beyond our capacity to encompass. I work with you to find the places of disconnection within yourself and within your relationships. We work together to experience in body, mind and emotion, the best you can bring to your life, no matter the challenges. The result is transforming for your experience of yourself and your connection to others.
(707) 549-6735 View (707) 549-6735

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Petaluma, CA

300+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Petaluma, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

47% Aetna
47% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
44% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Petaluma, CA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Petaluma?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.