Therapists in Taylor, MI

Photo of Ramzi Hasson - Michigan Center for Neuropsychology, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Michigan Center for Neuropsychology
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Taylor, MI 48180
Do you have questions or concerns related to development, learning, or behavior? Then we are the center for you. We specialize in the assessment of very young children to very young adults. We provide testing for ADHD, autism, learning disabilities, brain injury or other neurological complaints. Are you wondering "what is the best treatment for my child?" "How will my child best learn?" or you may not even know where to begin, then this is a good first step that has no obligations and complete confidentiality. We also provide specialized treatment for a select of neurodevelopmental and mood conditions.
Do you have questions or concerns related to development, learning, or behavior? Then we are the center for you. We specialize in the assessment of very young children to very young adults. We provide testing for ADHD, autism, learning disabilities, brain injury or other neurological complaints. Are you wondering "what is the best treatment for my child?" "How will my child best learn?" or you may not even know where to begin, then this is a good first step that has no obligations and complete confidentiality. We also provide specialized treatment for a select of neurodevelopmental and mood conditions.
(734) 212-8908 View (734) 212-8908
Photo of Michigan Counseling Centers - Michigan Counseling Centers, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michigan Counseling Centers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Waitlist for new clients
Michigan Counseling Centers (MCC) goal is to provide you with the guidance and support needed to help resolve the issues that are causing discomfort. If you are having issues or difficulty coping with life, relationships, employment, career direction, stress, emotions, self-esteem, grief and loss or other life circumstances please contact us for an initial discussion and appointment. MCC is here to serve children, adolescents, adults, couples and families.
Michigan Counseling Centers (MCC) goal is to provide you with the guidance and support needed to help resolve the issues that are causing discomfort. If you are having issues or difficulty coping with life, relationships, employment, career direction, stress, emotions, self-esteem, grief and loss or other life circumstances please contact us for an initial discussion and appointment. MCC is here to serve children, adolescents, adults, couples and families.
(734) 530-4108 View (734) 530-4108
Glenn Derrick
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Glenn Derrick has been a practicing therapist since 2004. He holds a Masters Limited Psychology License to practice in the State of Michigan and earned his Master's Degree in Clinical, Humanistic and Existential Psychology. He has created and presented many continuing education programs for training social workers, substance abuse counselors and clinical psychologists in Michigan. He uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Metacognitive Therapy, and Somatic Experiencing to join with his clients in creating their own journey to create a better life.
Glenn Derrick has been a practicing therapist since 2004. He holds a Masters Limited Psychology License to practice in the State of Michigan and earned his Master's Degree in Clinical, Humanistic and Existential Psychology. He has created and presented many continuing education programs for training social workers, substance abuse counselors and clinical psychologists in Michigan. He uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Metacognitive Therapy, and Somatic Experiencing to join with his clients in creating their own journey to create a better life.
(734) 206-7456 View (734) 206-7456
Photo of Ashley Legel, LMSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Legel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello there, my name is Ashley Legel, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Michigan. I have been assisting clients in their therapy journeys for just over three years, providing care to individuals of all ages. My specialties and passions are healing those with trauma, depression, and bipolar disorder. In session, I strive to provide person-centered care, and assist with setting completing realistic, achievable goals.
Hello there, my name is Ashley Legel, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Michigan. I have been assisting clients in their therapy journeys for just over three years, providing care to individuals of all ages. My specialties and passions are healing those with trauma, depression, and bipolar disorder. In session, I strive to provide person-centered care, and assist with setting completing realistic, achievable goals.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Trinity Collins- Justian, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Trinity Collins- Justian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Trinity Collins-Justian is a Licensed Social Worker in Michigan with more than 20 years of experience working with individuals and families. She has a Master's from the University of Michigan. Trinity's counseling style is warm and comforting, as well as empowering, with humor thrown in for good measure. She uses active listening and reassurance as you share your story, and she is committed to developing a comforting and safe therapeutic space where you can feel free to share openly. Trinity understands change as hard, and the expert in you is you.
Trinity Collins-Justian is a Licensed Social Worker in Michigan with more than 20 years of experience working with individuals and families. She has a Master's from the University of Michigan. Trinity's counseling style is warm and comforting, as well as empowering, with humor thrown in for good measure. She uses active listening and reassurance as you share your story, and she is committed to developing a comforting and safe therapeutic space where you can feel free to share openly. Trinity understands change as hard, and the expert in you is you.
(734) 822-7054 View (734) 822-7054
Photo of Amy Plettner, LMSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Plettner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
“You don’t have to see the whole staircase, just take the first step.” -Martin Luther King Jr. Are you feeling stuck? Don’t know where to turn? Taking the first step in getting help takes courage. I am here to help you take the next steps in your journey of healing. I am a licensed masters social worker in Michigan with 6 years of professional work experience. I enjoy helping clients with relationship issues, family conflicts, OCD, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and depression. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I value every person’s human worth and believe all should be treated equally.
“You don’t have to see the whole staircase, just take the first step.” -Martin Luther King Jr. Are you feeling stuck? Don’t know where to turn? Taking the first step in getting help takes courage. I am here to help you take the next steps in your journey of healing. I am a licensed masters social worker in Michigan with 6 years of professional work experience. I enjoy helping clients with relationship issues, family conflicts, OCD, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and depression. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I value every person’s human worth and believe all should be treated equally.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Joseph Matthew Stabrava, LLP, DBTC, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Joseph Matthew Stabrava
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP, DBTC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Taylor, MI 48180
I became a psychologist to help individuals learn to appreciate their individuality and understand that not everyone learns, processes, and thinks the same way; but rather everyone is unique and can benefit from therapy. I enjoy teaching coping skills to people so they can feel more empowered and take control of their own lives. I find this especially important when working with clients that have had a past diagnosis of a learning disorder. I feel everyone has the potential for growth but the path to growth is not the same for everyone.
I became a psychologist to help individuals learn to appreciate their individuality and understand that not everyone learns, processes, and thinks the same way; but rather everyone is unique and can benefit from therapy. I enjoy teaching coping skills to people so they can feel more empowered and take control of their own lives. I find this especially important when working with clients that have had a past diagnosis of a learning disorder. I feel everyone has the potential for growth but the path to growth is not the same for everyone.
(734) 821-6982 View (734) 821-6982
Photo of Anthalyce Bonner-Jones, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anthalyce Bonner-Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Anthalyce has a decade of experience specializing in supporting young individuals and families coping with anxiety, grief, depression, and traumatic experiences. Anthalyce believes in partnering and strategizing with her clients to promote resilience in this ever-changing journey of life. Through compassionate guidance and evidence-based practices, Anthalyce maintains a deep commitment to fostering healing and growth. Anthalyce creates a safe and supportive therapeutic environment where clients can explore their emotions, develop coping strategies, and embark on a journey towards holistic well-being.
Anthalyce has a decade of experience specializing in supporting young individuals and families coping with anxiety, grief, depression, and traumatic experiences. Anthalyce believes in partnering and strategizing with her clients to promote resilience in this ever-changing journey of life. Through compassionate guidance and evidence-based practices, Anthalyce maintains a deep commitment to fostering healing and growth. Anthalyce creates a safe and supportive therapeutic environment where clients can explore their emotions, develop coping strategies, and embark on a journey towards holistic well-being.
(734) 470-9970 View (734) 470-9970
Photo of Janet Strickland, LMSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janet Strickland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Janet Strickland and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and a Certified Addictions Specialist. I have over 20 years of counseling experience working with people from all walks of life and backgrounds. For the past 15 years, my work has been serving military members and their dependents. I have significant experience working in the field of addictions often identifying underlying mental health conditions that pre-date the addiction or, conversely, symptoms resulting as a result of substance use.
My name is Janet Strickland and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and a Certified Addictions Specialist. I have over 20 years of counseling experience working with people from all walks of life and backgrounds. For the past 15 years, my work has been serving military members and their dependents. I have significant experience working in the field of addictions often identifying underlying mental health conditions that pre-date the addiction or, conversely, symptoms resulting as a result of substance use.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Yvonne Wilson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Yvonne Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Taylor, MI 48180
My journey began in the year 2000 when I attended Michigan State University. I received my Bachelors in Family Community Services in 2005. I worked for head start for two years when I then realized I was not able to help people the way I saw the need. I decided to return to school to study mental health. In 2009 I graduated with my Masters in Mental Health Counseling from the University of Phoenix, with a limited license in professional Counseling. I began my career as a clinical therapist in different nonprofit and for-profit community mental health agencies for about 6 years.
My journey began in the year 2000 when I attended Michigan State University. I received my Bachelors in Family Community Services in 2005. I worked for head start for two years when I then realized I was not able to help people the way I saw the need. I decided to return to school to study mental health. In 2009 I graduated with my Masters in Mental Health Counseling from the University of Phoenix, with a limited license in professional Counseling. I began my career as a clinical therapist in different nonprofit and for-profit community mental health agencies for about 6 years.
(734) 275-1004 View (734) 275-1004
Photo of Erin Lyons, LMSW, QMPH, CCTP, CAADCDP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erin Lyons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, QMPH, CCTP, CAADCDP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with individuals and groups providing a comfortable and calming space to work out life’s challenges. Many individuals come in with patterns of behavior that have been difficult to escape. The pressure of modern society creates unique challenges and clients need a space to work out these stresses, anxieties and addictive patterns. Many of my clients work on strengthening their identity, emotional balance, acceptance in relationships and individual growth.
I work with individuals and groups providing a comfortable and calming space to work out life’s challenges. Many individuals come in with patterns of behavior that have been difficult to escape. The pressure of modern society creates unique challenges and clients need a space to work out these stresses, anxieties and addictive patterns. Many of my clients work on strengthening their identity, emotional balance, acceptance in relationships and individual growth.
(313) 539-8810 View (313) 539-8810
Photo of Renee Shaw, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Renee Shaw
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Renee works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Renee believes that establishing a strong alliance with her clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, she partners with her clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
Renee works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Renee believes that establishing a strong alliance with her clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, she partners with her clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
(734) 415-9359 View (734) 415-9359
Photo of Dina Veld, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dina Veld
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Hi, I’m Dina Veld, a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in child and adolescent therapy. Based in Taylor, Michigan, I create a warm and safe space where kids can express themselves and build resilience. Using approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Play Therapy, and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), I tailor each session to meet your child’s unique needs. Fluent in English and Russian, I’m sensitive to multicultural backgrounds and work to provide inclusive, compassionate care. Since 2017, I’ve been helping families navigate challenges like anxiety, trauma, and behavioral issues.
Hi, I’m Dina Veld, a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in child and adolescent therapy. Based in Taylor, Michigan, I create a warm and safe space where kids can express themselves and build resilience. Using approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Play Therapy, and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), I tailor each session to meet your child’s unique needs. Fluent in English and Russian, I’m sensitive to multicultural backgrounds and work to provide inclusive, compassionate care. Since 2017, I’ve been helping families navigate challenges like anxiety, trauma, and behavioral issues.
(313) 426-8626 View (313) 426-8626
Photo of Diane Piszker, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Diane Piszker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Diane works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Diane believes that establishing a strong alliance with her clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, she partners with her clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
Diane works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Diane believes that establishing a strong alliance with her clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, she partners with her clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
(734) 259-7277 View (734) 259-7277
Photo of Lauren Hendrix, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Hendrix
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Lauren Hendrix and I am a Michigan based Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and working via telehealth with clients statewide. Through the use of client-centered, existential and cognitive behavioral therapy interventions, I help adults work through and manage various mental health conditions with specialties in women's issues, domestic violence and relationship issues.
My name is Lauren Hendrix and I am a Michigan based Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and working via telehealth with clients statewide. Through the use of client-centered, existential and cognitive behavioral therapy interventions, I help adults work through and manage various mental health conditions with specialties in women's issues, domestic violence and relationship issues.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Gloria Himes, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gloria Himes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Gloria Himes and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, providing therapy services in the state of Michigan. My approach with counseling is to help you identify problem areas in your life, and to explore your strengths and qualities, which may help you in achieving your goals of therapy. My main approach in therapy is using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. This approach can help people challenge unhealthy thoughts and self defeating patterns, which may be preventing people from moving forward and achieving personal or professional goals.
My name is Gloria Himes and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, providing therapy services in the state of Michigan. My approach with counseling is to help you identify problem areas in your life, and to explore your strengths and qualities, which may help you in achieving your goals of therapy. My main approach in therapy is using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. This approach can help people challenge unhealthy thoughts and self defeating patterns, which may be preventing people from moving forward and achieving personal or professional goals.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Yvonne Wilson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Yvonne Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Yvonne Wilson is Michigan Licensed Professional Counselor. Over the past 14 years Mrs. Wilson has worked in community mental health, home based therapy and private practice, focusing on anxiety, depression, mood disorders, work stress, anger management, relationship issues and much more.
Yvonne Wilson is Michigan Licensed Professional Counselor. Over the past 14 years Mrs. Wilson has worked in community mental health, home based therapy and private practice, focusing on anxiety, depression, mood disorders, work stress, anger management, relationship issues and much more.
(313) 349-1409 View (313) 349-1409
Photo of Bernard Ball, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bernard Ball
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Bernard works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. He seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Bernard believes that establishing a strong alliance with his clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, he partners with his clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
Bernard works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. He seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Bernard believes that establishing a strong alliance with his clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, he partners with his clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
(734) 259-6062 View (734) 259-6062
Photo of Natasha Sprau, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Natasha Sprau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Natasha is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2018. She received her Bachelor’s Degree in Social Work and her Master’s Degree in Social Work from Michigan State University. Natasha believes that each human being comes through her door with a story and that each person deserves to feel heard and seen as they open up throughout the course of therapy. Natasha works intently to understand the unique strengths and challenges each of her clients carry, working to help her clients uncover their passions and find clarity along the way.
Natasha is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2018. She received her Bachelor’s Degree in Social Work and her Master’s Degree in Social Work from Michigan State University. Natasha believes that each human being comes through her door with a story and that each person deserves to feel heard and seen as they open up throughout the course of therapy. Natasha works intently to understand the unique strengths and challenges each of her clients carry, working to help her clients uncover their passions and find clarity along the way.
(248) 900-3168 View (248) 900-3168
Photo of Will Schaefer, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Will Schaefer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Will Schaefer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker Practitioner in Michigan who has been practicing since 2020. He has a Master of Social Work from The State University of New York at Albany. Will understands that life is full of challenges and believes that talking to an unbiased, nonjudgmental person can be tremendously helpful. As your therapist, Will's primary focus is to create a strong therapeutic relationship in a relaxed environment, enabling you to collaboratively achieve your goals and overcome any barriers in your life.
Will Schaefer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker Practitioner in Michigan who has been practicing since 2020. He has a Master of Social Work from The State University of New York at Albany. Will understands that life is full of challenges and believes that talking to an unbiased, nonjudgmental person can be tremendously helpful. As your therapist, Will's primary focus is to create a strong therapeutic relationship in a relaxed environment, enabling you to collaboratively achieve your goals and overcome any barriers in your life.
(734) 977-1519 View (734) 977-1519
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Taylor, MI

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Taylor, MI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
91% Depression
63% Coping Skills
60% Trauma and PTSD
60% Self Esteem
55% Relationship Issues
54% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% Cigna and Evernorth
76% Aetna

How Therapists in Taylor, MI see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Taylor?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.