Therapists in Sterling Heights, MI

Photo of Carolyn Nicholson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Carolyn Nicholson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48312
Hello, My name is Carolyn Nicholson I have been a Professional Teacher and Licensed Counselor for over 20 years. I retired recently from the Michigan Public Schools and am working independently as a Life Coach and Therapist. I am a person who believes in human potential. I enjoy validating the positives in people, while assisting them in trusting their own intuition and decision making. I assist clients understand and becoming more familiar with their own boundaries and communication style.
Hello, My name is Carolyn Nicholson I have been a Professional Teacher and Licensed Counselor for over 20 years. I retired recently from the Michigan Public Schools and am working independently as a Life Coach and Therapist. I am a person who believes in human potential. I enjoy validating the positives in people, while assisting them in trusting their own intuition and decision making. I assist clients understand and becoming more familiar with their own boundaries and communication style.
(586) 281-5701 View (586) 281-5701
Photo of Shelby Evans, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shelby Evans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48314
I am Shelby Evans, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Michigan with over 6 years of experience in the mental health field. I have worked with teens, adults, and seniors experiencing severe mental illness. I specialize in supporting individuals dealing with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use, grief/loss, stress management, mood disorders, relationship/family issues, major life transitions, and life challenges. I earned both my Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Social Work at Wayne State University, with a concentration in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
I am Shelby Evans, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Michigan with over 6 years of experience in the mental health field. I have worked with teens, adults, and seniors experiencing severe mental illness. I specialize in supporting individuals dealing with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use, grief/loss, stress management, mood disorders, relationship/family issues, major life transitions, and life challenges. I earned both my Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Social Work at Wayne State University, with a concentration in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
(586) 300-3603 View (586) 300-3603
Photo of Veronica Lopiccolo - All Things Possible Wellness Center PLLC, LPC, NCC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
All Things Possible Wellness Center PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling Heights, MI 48313
Are you looking for a challenging, and rewarding, therapeutic experience that translates into lasting insight and change? We celebrate your courage to seek help. The clinicians at ATPWC have helped many with a variety of life changes, mental health, and substance abuse issues on an inpatient and outpatient basis. In addition to individual, couples/marital, and family counseling we also have group counseling. We also offer psychological and psycho-educational assessment. Lastly, Counseling limited license supervision is also offered.
Are you looking for a challenging, and rewarding, therapeutic experience that translates into lasting insight and change? We celebrate your courage to seek help. The clinicians at ATPWC have helped many with a variety of life changes, mental health, and substance abuse issues on an inpatient and outpatient basis. In addition to individual, couples/marital, and family counseling we also have group counseling. We also offer psychological and psycho-educational assessment. Lastly, Counseling limited license supervision is also offered.
(586) 623-4330 View (586) 623-4330
Photo of Maria Tovar-Ruiz, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maria Tovar-Ruiz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LPC, LAADC) with over 24 years of experience specializing in helping clients who are suffering from symptoms related to depression, anxiety, life transitions, women’s issues, trauma, relationship concerns, self-esteem, anger management, and substance use. I strive to create a relationship where you feel fully acknowledged, valued, and seen for the unique person that you are.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LPC, LAADC) with over 24 years of experience specializing in helping clients who are suffering from symptoms related to depression, anxiety, life transitions, women’s issues, trauma, relationship concerns, self-esteem, anger management, and substance use. I strive to create a relationship where you feel fully acknowledged, valued, and seen for the unique person that you are.
(586) 501-8130 View (586) 501-8130
Photo of Cutise D Boswell - Boswell Therapy and Solutions , ‘SSW, LMSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Boswell Therapy and Solutions
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ‘SSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life is difficult sometimes with work , family, friends, haters, etc. not everyone wants to hear about your problems, not everyone has your best interest at heart. Sometimes people just don’t understand your point of view. Well, let me assure you that I will not only listen to you but I will assist you in reaching the goals that YOU have set for yourself.
Life is difficult sometimes with work , family, friends, haters, etc. not everyone wants to hear about your problems, not everyone has your best interest at heart. Sometimes people just don’t understand your point of view. Well, let me assure you that I will not only listen to you but I will assist you in reaching the goals that YOU have set for yourself.
(586) 238-3873 View (586) 238-3873
Photo of Ashley Kraut, MA, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Ashley Kraut
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sterling Heights, MI 48313
I believe that making the decision to enter into counseling is admirable. Each individual has unique experiences and unique struggles, but it is important that the individual knows that although the individual is unique, the individual is not alone. A strong therapeutic relationship between a counselor and client helps clients realize they are not alone as they explore their hurt as well as their strengths, and as they find hope. I would be humbled to create a trusting, nonjudgmental, and safe environment for you to heal and grow emotionally and spiritually, and to support you during an unprecedented time.
I believe that making the decision to enter into counseling is admirable. Each individual has unique experiences and unique struggles, but it is important that the individual knows that although the individual is unique, the individual is not alone. A strong therapeutic relationship between a counselor and client helps clients realize they are not alone as they explore their hurt as well as their strengths, and as they find hope. I would be humbled to create a trusting, nonjudgmental, and safe environment for you to heal and grow emotionally and spiritually, and to support you during an unprecedented time.
(586) 623-6175 View (586) 623-6175
Photo of Andra Modock, LLPC, NCC, Counselor
Andra Modock
Counselor, LLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you anxious? Struggling w/something and not sure how to move forward? Trying to process grief? Having relationship troubles? Life can be tough but going at it alone, is not necessary!
Are you anxious? Struggling w/something and not sure how to move forward? Trying to process grief? Having relationship troubles? Life can be tough but going at it alone, is not necessary!
(734) 808-3974 View (734) 808-3974
Photo of Krystal Armstrong, MA, LPC, CADC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Krystal Armstrong
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CADC, ACS
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48313
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who strives to help my clients get through obstacles in life. My method of counseling is simplistic in that it is tailored to the client's needs, influenced by a goal of positive development, ultimately assisting clients to obtain a positive outcome or experience with therapy. I currently have over 15 years of working with adults and children with mental health and/or substance abuse issues in a variety of settings, including inpatient hospitalization and outpatient therapy. Let me help guide you through challenging times that most individuals encounter. You are not alone.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who strives to help my clients get through obstacles in life. My method of counseling is simplistic in that it is tailored to the client's needs, influenced by a goal of positive development, ultimately assisting clients to obtain a positive outcome or experience with therapy. I currently have over 15 years of working with adults and children with mental health and/or substance abuse issues in a variety of settings, including inpatient hospitalization and outpatient therapy. Let me help guide you through challenging times that most individuals encounter. You are not alone.
(586) 327-6556 View (586) 327-6556
Photo of John C Maakaron, MA, CTS
John C Maakaron
MA, CTS
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48310
Providing Mental Health Services for Individuals, Couples, Children, Adolescents, Adults. I have 20+ Years experience working with several populations in the Metro-Detroit Area. Call for services. Appointments available soon after you call!
Providing Mental Health Services for Individuals, Couples, Children, Adolescents, Adults. I have 20+ Years experience working with several populations in the Metro-Detroit Area. Call for services. Appointments available soon after you call!
(586) 697-3290 View (586) 697-3290
Photo of Linda DuBay, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Linda DuBay
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48312
As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I work with adults and teens and specialize in Cognitive Behavior Therapy. I can help if you are experiencing depression or anxiety, or if you are just worried, afraid, or having issues with parenting, elderly parents, or work. I can help you learn to manage your stress in more helpful ways and help heal your feelings of depression, fears, worry and anxiety.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I work with adults and teens and specialize in Cognitive Behavior Therapy. I can help if you are experiencing depression or anxiety, or if you are just worried, afraid, or having issues with parenting, elderly parents, or work. I can help you learn to manage your stress in more helpful ways and help heal your feelings of depression, fears, worry and anxiety.
(586) 551-7516 View (586) 551-7516
Photo of Michelle Gonzalez, TLLP, MA
Michelle Gonzalez
TLLP, MA
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48314
Michelle graduated from the Michigan School of Psychology with a Master's degree in Clinical psychology. Michelle strives to provide psychodynamic and age-appropriate services for her clients in order to curate a treatment plan to address needs, and wants! Michelle primarily specializes with ADHD management, general anxiety disorders, depression and stress management, managing anger and adjustment disorders. Using an evidence-based approach, I provide intensive talk therapy services, utilizing modalities of psychodynamic techniques such as Family Systems Approach; other modes of CBT, TF-CBT, DBT, and Schema therapy.
Michelle graduated from the Michigan School of Psychology with a Master's degree in Clinical psychology. Michelle strives to provide psychodynamic and age-appropriate services for her clients in order to curate a treatment plan to address needs, and wants! Michelle primarily specializes with ADHD management, general anxiety disorders, depression and stress management, managing anger and adjustment disorders. Using an evidence-based approach, I provide intensive talk therapy services, utilizing modalities of psychodynamic techniques such as Family Systems Approach; other modes of CBT, TF-CBT, DBT, and Schema therapy.
(248) 963-5100 View (248) 963-5100
Photo of Jasleen Aulakh Kalsi, MA, LLMFT, LMFTA
Jasleen Aulakh Kalsi
MA, LLMFT, LMFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you navigating life's transitions—whether it be trauma, anxiety, identity exploration, or relationship struggles? You are in the right place! I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore your emotions and reconnect with all parts of yourself. Together we'll find clarity, build resilience, and foster healthier relationships in your life. As your therapist, I will ensure you are heard, understood, and empowered to embrace change because life is more than just surviving. I want to help you thrive and live as your genuine self.
Are you navigating life's transitions—whether it be trauma, anxiety, identity exploration, or relationship struggles? You are in the right place! I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore your emotions and reconnect with all parts of yourself. Together we'll find clarity, build resilience, and foster healthier relationships in your life. As your therapist, I will ensure you are heard, understood, and empowered to embrace change because life is more than just surviving. I want to help you thrive and live as your genuine self.
(586) 551-7480 View (586) 551-7480
Photo of Nyreia Harrington - Time of Glory Counseling Services PLLC, DMin, MA, LPC, NBCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Time of Glory Counseling Services PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, DMin, MA, LPC, NBCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sterling Heights, MI 48310
I believe that any successful counseling relationship must include inspiration, encouragement coupled with compassion from me your service provider. My ultimate goal in the therapeutic process is to get the client to experience transformation. My skills and techniques are professional and trustworthy."The present circumstances of your life today, does not have to dictate your future victory!"
I believe that any successful counseling relationship must include inspiration, encouragement coupled with compassion from me your service provider. My ultimate goal in the therapeutic process is to get the client to experience transformation. My skills and techniques are professional and trustworthy."The present circumstances of your life today, does not have to dictate your future victory!"
(248) 556-3456 View (248) 556-3456
Photo of Lauren Alyssa Sparks, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Lauren Alyssa Sparks
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48313
Not accepting new clients
Struggle is part of what it means to be human. Many of us deal with significant stress related to struggles with communication, relationships, anxiety, depression, or trauma. I am an experienced therapist who specializes in helping clients learn to cope with difficulties and challenges while exploring the historical and relational reasons behind their struggles. I specialize in working with clients who have experienced traumatic events in their lives and are looking for a way forward.
Struggle is part of what it means to be human. Many of us deal with significant stress related to struggles with communication, relationships, anxiety, depression, or trauma. I am an experienced therapist who specializes in helping clients learn to cope with difficulties and challenges while exploring the historical and relational reasons behind their struggles. I specialize in working with clients who have experienced traumatic events in their lives and are looking for a way forward.
(248) 970-1678 View (248) 970-1678
Photo of Matthew Newell, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Matthew Newell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I specialize in working with men and male teens who feel frustrated, worried or dissatisfied in their life. The men I work with are commonly navigating issues such as stressful careers, relationships, fatherhood, life adjustments, medical complications, trauma, grief, anger, anxiety, and depression. They want to be more present in their lives or more confident in their work and are looking for someone to partner with to achieve this. I use a variety of approaches including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Therapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) to help men regain control and peace in their lives.
I specialize in working with men and male teens who feel frustrated, worried or dissatisfied in their life. The men I work with are commonly navigating issues such as stressful careers, relationships, fatherhood, life adjustments, medical complications, trauma, grief, anger, anxiety, and depression. They want to be more present in their lives or more confident in their work and are looking for someone to partner with to achieve this. I use a variety of approaches including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Therapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) to help men regain control and peace in their lives.
(586) 488-4760 View (586) 488-4760
Photo of Laura Coppola - Laura Coppola-Agency Has Immediate Openings!, MS, LLMSW, DBT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Coppola-Agency Has Immediate Openings!
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LLMSW, DBT
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48310
Hello, my name is Laura. I rceived my Master of Clinical Social Work Degree from Rutgers University with a focus on providing mental Health Services to individuals in needs. I have a background working with individuals, families and groups of various ages within inpatient and outpatient settings. I have training in Motivational interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. Let's face it, finding a suitable therapist can be scary and uncertain right? It's like a bag of skittles never know what you're going to get. If you are seeking therapy for yourself, look no further.
Hello, my name is Laura. I rceived my Master of Clinical Social Work Degree from Rutgers University with a focus on providing mental Health Services to individuals in needs. I have a background working with individuals, families and groups of various ages within inpatient and outpatient settings. I have training in Motivational interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. Let's face it, finding a suitable therapist can be scary and uncertain right? It's like a bag of skittles never know what you're going to get. If you are seeking therapy for yourself, look no further.
(248) 720-6415 x109 View (248) 720-6415 x109
Photo of Christian Daman, MS, LLPC, Counselor
Christian Daman
Counselor, MS, LLPC
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48312
Hello, my name is Christian (He/Him), and I am a Limited-Licensed Counselor with a master’s degree in professional counseling and emphasis on trauma. I have been in the counseling field for multiple years and have practical experience in both the hospitalization and outpatient/group setting. I have experience working with children, teenagers, and adults with a focus on anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, bullying, gender dysphoria, obsessive thoughts, suicidal ideation, and ADHD.
Hello, my name is Christian (He/Him), and I am a Limited-Licensed Counselor with a master’s degree in professional counseling and emphasis on trauma. I have been in the counseling field for multiple years and have practical experience in both the hospitalization and outpatient/group setting. I have experience working with children, teenagers, and adults with a focus on anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, bullying, gender dysphoria, obsessive thoughts, suicidal ideation, and ADHD.
(586) 701-9354 View (586) 701-9354
Photo of Dustin Shepler, PhD, LP, HSP, CST, Psychologist
Dustin Shepler
Psychologist, PhD, LP, HSP, CST
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sterling Heights, MI 48314
Many people have questions or concerns about their sexuality, sexual identity, and sexual attractions. They wonder if their lack of desire for their partner can change, how they can feel more comfortable engaging in sex, whether their sexuality is "normal," and what their attractions mean about them. They may feel embarrassed talking to their doctor about erectile problems or sexual pain. As an AASECT certified sex therapist, I work with teens and adults to confront these fears, answer questions, and improve sexual self concept and sexual health.
Many people have questions or concerns about their sexuality, sexual identity, and sexual attractions. They wonder if their lack of desire for their partner can change, how they can feel more comfortable engaging in sex, whether their sexuality is "normal," and what their attractions mean about them. They may feel embarrassed talking to their doctor about erectile problems or sexual pain. As an AASECT certified sex therapist, I work with teens and adults to confront these fears, answer questions, and improve sexual self concept and sexual health.
(248) 876-3566 View (248) 876-3566
Photo of Alicia Width, PsyD, LP, Psychologist
Alicia Width
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling Heights, MI 48314
Sometimes life can feel incredibly difficult, unfair, and even unkind. I can be your support during challenging times by providing a safe, affirming space to promote healing and growth. I believe people deserve to be heard and seen as their authentic selves. My passion is working with gender identity and sexuaIity, as I want individuals to best understand and accept themselves. I also work with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship challenges. My goal as a therapist is to make you feel safe, heard, and accepted as we work together to overcome life’s difficulties.
Sometimes life can feel incredibly difficult, unfair, and even unkind. I can be your support during challenging times by providing a safe, affirming space to promote healing and growth. I believe people deserve to be heard and seen as their authentic selves. My passion is working with gender identity and sexuaIity, as I want individuals to best understand and accept themselves. I also work with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship challenges. My goal as a therapist is to make you feel safe, heard, and accepted as we work together to overcome life’s difficulties.
(586) 690-4977 View (586) 690-4977
Photo of Kelly Marie Danielson, MA, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelly Marie Danielson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling Heights, MI 48314
Are you feeling stuck in life? Experiencing difficulty overcoming anxiety, depression, or a major life transition? If you answered yes, then counseling could be for right for you. It is my belief that every individual could use an unbiased support system to help them regain control of their life. Free yourself of the problems that hold you back from finding true happiness. All it takes is the desire for a better life and the right tools. Some areas may include problems communicating, difficulties relating to others, domestic violence and adjusting to life changes. You don't need to suffer alone. Transform your life now!
Are you feeling stuck in life? Experiencing difficulty overcoming anxiety, depression, or a major life transition? If you answered yes, then counseling could be for right for you. It is my belief that every individual could use an unbiased support system to help them regain control of their life. Free yourself of the problems that hold you back from finding true happiness. All it takes is the desire for a better life and the right tools. Some areas may include problems communicating, difficulties relating to others, domestic violence and adjusting to life changes. You don't need to suffer alone. Transform your life now!
(586) 501-5801 View (586) 501-5801
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See more therapy options for Sterling Heights

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sterling Heights, MI

200+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Sterling Heights, MI who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
93% Depression
79% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
75% Coping Skills
71% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

97% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Aetna
69% Blue Care Network

How Therapists in Sterling Heights, MI see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sterling Heights?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.