Therapists in Hamtramck, MI

Photo of Josh Borgelt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Josh Borgelt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Online Only
The world gets better with you! You belong, you matter, and your life is important. My greatest hope is to share healing, warmth, and compassion in therapy, so I will be grateful for the opportunity in each and every time we meet. I sincerely believe in the propensity of this work to save and sustain lives all the way from surviving to thriving. I am committed to creating a space and time that you can regularly count on to be nourishing, healthy, and safe.
The world gets better with you! You belong, you matter, and your life is important. My greatest hope is to share healing, warmth, and compassion in therapy, so I will be grateful for the opportunity in each and every time we meet. I sincerely believe in the propensity of this work to save and sustain lives all the way from surviving to thriving. I am committed to creating a space and time that you can regularly count on to be nourishing, healthy, and safe.
(248) 466-3206 View (248) 466-3206
Photo of Tracy L. Boudrie, Counselor, MA, LPC
Tracy L. Boudrie
Counselor, MA, LPC
Hamtramck, MI 48212
I am a Clinician and the Behavioral Health Director for a clinic providing culturally competent care to people from all walks of life looking for support to reach their goals/potential. We provide support for issues such as sadness, depression, or anxiety, and are looking for someone to help you find your own personal resolutions. We work as a team to help you find the BEST options for YOU to work through your concerns, reach your goals, and get to living your Best Life! We would be honored if you allowed us to walk your path with you to find your Ideal space where calm and tranquility permeate.
I am a Clinician and the Behavioral Health Director for a clinic providing culturally competent care to people from all walks of life looking for support to reach their goals/potential. We provide support for issues such as sadness, depression, or anxiety, and are looking for someone to help you find your own personal resolutions. We work as a team to help you find the BEST options for YOU to work through your concerns, reach your goals, and get to living your Best Life! We would be honored if you allowed us to walk your path with you to find your Ideal space where calm and tranquility permeate.
(313) 986-1154 View (313) 986-1154
Photo of Stephanie Kaye Wilks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Stephanie Kaye Wilks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Hamtramck, MI 48212
Are anxiety or depression something you need help with? Do you have communication, relationship, or trauma based needs? I help my clients understand why they respond the way they do, and how to respond differently. Single parent struggle? I can help with that too! I've helped with self-harm behaviors, suicidal ideation, PTSD, anxiety, depression, anger, and other emotional, relational, and behavioral issues. I offer in office and telehealth appointments, and have limited evening availability. I'm willing to see adults, and children over 12 years of age. I currently only have daytime (9a - 3p) availability.
Are anxiety or depression something you need help with? Do you have communication, relationship, or trauma based needs? I help my clients understand why they respond the way they do, and how to respond differently. Single parent struggle? I can help with that too! I've helped with self-harm behaviors, suicidal ideation, PTSD, anxiety, depression, anger, and other emotional, relational, and behavioral issues. I offer in office and telehealth appointments, and have limited evening availability. I'm willing to see adults, and children over 12 years of age. I currently only have daytime (9a - 3p) availability.
(313) 733-4256 View (313) 733-4256
Photo of Ben Lifland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, CCTP
Ben Lifland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, CCTP
7 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel misunderstood? Have you been yearning to live your best life? I can help you in navigating your concerns and challenges so that you can conquer doubt, manage conflict, and strengthen relationships. I have been working with clients experiencing mental health/substance use problems for the past twenty years. My approaches rely on evidence-based practices, including: EMDR, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral, trauma-focused CBT, DBT, mindfulness, and others. Sessions offer clients a safe, comfortable place to express their voice, process pain and distress, experience relief, and create transformation.
Do you feel misunderstood? Have you been yearning to live your best life? I can help you in navigating your concerns and challenges so that you can conquer doubt, manage conflict, and strengthen relationships. I have been working with clients experiencing mental health/substance use problems for the past twenty years. My approaches rely on evidence-based practices, including: EMDR, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral, trauma-focused CBT, DBT, mindfulness, and others. Sessions offer clients a safe, comfortable place to express their voice, process pain and distress, experience relief, and create transformation.
(305) 306-8731 View (305) 306-8731
Photo of Katherine Downs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Katherine Downs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Serves Area
Welcome! As your therapist, my job is to work with you to identify what you want to address during our time together and to support you in cultivating tools, resources, and connections to empower you to thrive, not just survive. My practice is rooted in social, racial, and disability justice and the belief that individual healing is a key piece of collective liberation. I serve adults of all ages and teens, and I particularly enjoy working in the areas of depression, trauma, gender and sexuality (including polyamory and consensual nonmonogamy), attachment-related issues, and self-harm.
Welcome! As your therapist, my job is to work with you to identify what you want to address during our time together and to support you in cultivating tools, resources, and connections to empower you to thrive, not just survive. My practice is rooted in social, racial, and disability justice and the belief that individual healing is a key piece of collective liberation. I serve adults of all ages and teens, and I particularly enjoy working in the areas of depression, trauma, gender and sexuality (including polyamory and consensual nonmonogamy), attachment-related issues, and self-harm.
(919) 341-6111 View (919) 341-6111
Photo of Masuma Jinnat, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Masuma Jinnat
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Online Only
Mental well-being is key to overall health and happiness, but life’s struggles can affect our mental health. We may feel uncomfortable discussing these issues with loved ones, making it hard to face them alone. Having a supportive, empowering guide to help navigate emotional challenges is essential for healing and growth.
Mental well-being is key to overall health and happiness, but life’s struggles can affect our mental health. We may feel uncomfortable discussing these issues with loved ones, making it hard to face them alone. Having a supportive, empowering guide to help navigate emotional challenges is essential for healing and growth.
(586) 300-3815 View (586) 300-3815
Photo of Anna Shtrauh-Hauptfleisch, Psychologist, PhD, LP, PSYPACT
Anna Shtrauh-Hauptfleisch
Psychologist, PhD, LP, PSYPACT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you have ADHD? Do you suffer with sleep issues, perfectionism, anxiety, depression, social anxiety? Are you often hard on yourself? Are you a high achieving adult or do you have a teenager who is struggling with similar issues? Hi, I am Dr. Anna and I utilize rigorous scientific methods to target these issues and more. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who have ADHD, anxiety, are high achieving, have difficulties with emotional regulation or sleep, trauma, or have self-esteem deficits. I also have passion for working with parents, if you seek therapy for yourself or you want to help your child.
Do you have ADHD? Do you suffer with sleep issues, perfectionism, anxiety, depression, social anxiety? Are you often hard on yourself? Are you a high achieving adult or do you have a teenager who is struggling with similar issues? Hi, I am Dr. Anna and I utilize rigorous scientific methods to target these issues and more. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who have ADHD, anxiety, are high achieving, have difficulties with emotional regulation or sleep, trauma, or have self-esteem deficits. I also have passion for working with parents, if you seek therapy for yourself or you want to help your child.
(239) 299-7911 View (239) 299-7911
Photo of Willa Adamo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Willa Adamo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
9 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with both adult individuals & people in relationships- centering understanding and compassion towards your system of thoughts/emotions/body wisdom with the goal to form peaceful, respectful connection with yourself and others. I love working with people who have powerful (& sometimes scary) body-mind connections, creatives, LGBTQ+ people, therapy first-timers, people who love to ask 'why' and people practicing polyamory/ENM. Finding a good fit between therapist and client is so important so I offer a free 20-minute virtual consultation call to see if we click.
I work with both adult individuals & people in relationships- centering understanding and compassion towards your system of thoughts/emotions/body wisdom with the goal to form peaceful, respectful connection with yourself and others. I love working with people who have powerful (& sometimes scary) body-mind connections, creatives, LGBTQ+ people, therapy first-timers, people who love to ask 'why' and people practicing polyamory/ENM. Finding a good fit between therapist and client is so important so I offer a free 20-minute virtual consultation call to see if we click.
(248) 965-5095 View (248) 965-5095
Photo of Ayana Simmons, Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Ayana Simmons
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Online Only
Development of a healthy therapeutic relationship can be a beneficial experience. The process of establishing this relationship entails personal time to explore thoughts, emotions, wants, hopes and dreams in a safe and supportive therapeutic environment.
Development of a healthy therapeutic relationship can be a beneficial experience. The process of establishing this relationship entails personal time to explore thoughts, emotions, wants, hopes and dreams in a safe and supportive therapeutic environment.
(313) 992-7464 View (313) 992-7464
Photo of Katy Clark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW, RN
Katy Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW, RN
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I provide individual and relationship therapy (couples, family, etc) to clients who are struggling to feel securely connected in their most important relationships, with a focus on serving those in healthcare and helping professions (including other therapists) who suppress, avoid, defer, people-please, peace-keep, dissociate, or lash out. Your relationships may feel tense, chaotic, strained, or unfulfilling. The same conflicts replay over and over. It's hard to open up, trust, and rely on others. You need backup. I can help.
I provide individual and relationship therapy (couples, family, etc) to clients who are struggling to feel securely connected in their most important relationships, with a focus on serving those in healthcare and helping professions (including other therapists) who suppress, avoid, defer, people-please, peace-keep, dissociate, or lash out. Your relationships may feel tense, chaotic, strained, or unfulfilling. The same conflicts replay over and over. It's hard to open up, trust, and rely on others. You need backup. I can help.
(734) 294-6147 View (734) 294-6147

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Maria A Menozzi - Hearts-In-Healing Therapy, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CAADC, CCTP
Hearts-In-Healing Therapy, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CAADC, CCTP
Is your relationship in distress? Is there more conflict than communication? Do you feel lonely or shut out? Disconnected with your partner? There is hope. HIH is a counseling center focused on relational health and adjustment for individuals and couples. HIH uses an integrative approach that includes addressing assertiveness and communication skills, safe and healthy connection, and conflict resolution. Whether an individual or couple, we can work toward a healthier, dynamic, relationship with yourself and others.
Is your relationship in distress? Is there more conflict than communication? Do you feel lonely or shut out? Disconnected with your partner? There is hope. HIH is a counseling center focused on relational health and adjustment for individuals and couples. HIH uses an integrative approach that includes addressing assertiveness and communication skills, safe and healthy connection, and conflict resolution. Whether an individual or couple, we can work toward a healthier, dynamic, relationship with yourself and others.
(586) 331-6021 View (586) 331-6021
Photo of Robert J Ordiway, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, QIDP
Robert J Ordiway
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, QIDP
Serves Area
Hi, I’m a licensed professional counselor, and I’ve been passionate about supporting others on their mental health journey for over a decade. I earned my master’s degree in counseling from Western Michigan University in 2016. I have over 10 years of experience working in Community Mental Health settings, where I’ve had the privilege of helping individuals from diverse backgrounds navigate a wide range of challenges. That experience has deepened my understanding of complex mental health needs and strengthened my commitment to providing compassionate, evidence-based care.
Hi, I’m a licensed professional counselor, and I’ve been passionate about supporting others on their mental health journey for over a decade. I earned my master’s degree in counseling from Western Michigan University in 2016. I have over 10 years of experience working in Community Mental Health settings, where I’ve had the privilege of helping individuals from diverse backgrounds navigate a wide range of challenges. That experience has deepened my understanding of complex mental health needs and strengthened my commitment to providing compassionate, evidence-based care.
(231) 310-6385 View (231) 310-6385
Photo of Markiesha Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Markiesha Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
1 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48202
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and negative thoughts? Do you feel down and blue after giving birth to a baby and don’t know why? Are you tired of putting up a facade on the outside when in fact you are hurting on the inside? Have you lost a loved one and have difficulty coping with grief? Are these feelings affecting your personal and professional relationships? My goal is to help you navigate through this journey that we call “life” by providing you with the necessary tools to overcome life’s obstacles.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and negative thoughts? Do you feel down and blue after giving birth to a baby and don’t know why? Are you tired of putting up a facade on the outside when in fact you are hurting on the inside? Have you lost a loved one and have difficulty coping with grief? Are these feelings affecting your personal and professional relationships? My goal is to help you navigate through this journey that we call “life” by providing you with the necessary tools to overcome life’s obstacles.
(313) 217-3854 View (313) 217-3854
Photo of Nancy Kollhoff, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA LPC
Nancy Kollhoff
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA LPC
Online Only
Starting therapy can feel intimidating. Opening up to someone you've never met takes courage, but with the right support, it can lead to meaningful change. If you're feeling overwhelmed, living with PTSD, coping with grief or declining health, or exploring your sexual identity, you're not alone. I provide specialized virtual counseling that offers a safe, supportive space to heal, grow, and reconnect with yourself. Therapy should be accessible. If you're in Michigan, you can connect with me through Headway for convenient and secure virtual sessions designed to fit your life.
Starting therapy can feel intimidating. Opening up to someone you've never met takes courage, but with the right support, it can lead to meaningful change. If you're feeling overwhelmed, living with PTSD, coping with grief or declining health, or exploring your sexual identity, you're not alone. I provide specialized virtual counseling that offers a safe, supportive space to heal, grow, and reconnect with yourself. Therapy should be accessible. If you're in Michigan, you can connect with me through Headway for convenient and secure virtual sessions designed to fit your life.
(231) 359-4777 View (231) 359-4777
Photo of Terri Marie Morr-Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Terri Marie Morr-Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
As a marital and family therapist, I work with couples and individuals in various stages of relationship including: committed couples who need help processing and repairing relationship wounds and trauma; divorced or divorcing couples working towards a cooperative divorce or co-parenting relationship; step-family and adoptive family challenges; pre-marital couples looking to enhance a solid foundation; families looking for help in navigating through life stage transitions including parenthood, children entering puberty and adolescence, and the empty nest.
As a marital and family therapist, I work with couples and individuals in various stages of relationship including: committed couples who need help processing and repairing relationship wounds and trauma; divorced or divorcing couples working towards a cooperative divorce or co-parenting relationship; step-family and adoptive family challenges; pre-marital couples looking to enhance a solid foundation; families looking for help in navigating through life stage transitions including parenthood, children entering puberty and adolescence, and the empty nest.
(248) 422-1655 View (248) 422-1655
Photo of Lauren H Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CCTP
Lauren H Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CCTP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I consider the relationship between therapist and patient to be the most important aspect of psychotherapy. Suffering from poor mental health is often a very isolating experience, so it is essential that my clients know and truly believe that I care about their well-being and will always advocate for their interests. As a highly empathetic individual, I have had my own journey with mental health struggles and can truly appreciate the courage it takes to come to therapy. I feel privileged every time a client lets me into their world.
I consider the relationship between therapist and patient to be the most important aspect of psychotherapy. Suffering from poor mental health is often a very isolating experience, so it is essential that my clients know and truly believe that I care about their well-being and will always advocate for their interests. As a highly empathetic individual, I have had my own journey with mental health struggles and can truly appreciate the courage it takes to come to therapy. I feel privileged every time a client lets me into their world.
(248) 283-3466 View (248) 283-3466
Photo of Kenneth Eatmon, Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP
Kenneth Eatmon
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP
Clarkston, MI 48346
My clients often face issues like anxiety, depression, trauma, identity struggles, minority stress, and challenges related to relationship dynamics, including non-traditional or polyamorous structures. They need a safe, affirming space to explore these experiences without judgment, guidance to develop coping skills, and support in navigating family or societal pressures. Their goals are to build emotional resilience, deepen self-understanding, improve relationships, and live authentically. They want to feel empowered, accepted, and strive to enhance their overall well-being.
My clients often face issues like anxiety, depression, trauma, identity struggles, minority stress, and challenges related to relationship dynamics, including non-traditional or polyamorous structures. They need a safe, affirming space to explore these experiences without judgment, guidance to develop coping skills, and support in navigating family or societal pressures. Their goals are to build emotional resilience, deepen self-understanding, improve relationships, and live authentically. They want to feel empowered, accepted, and strive to enhance their overall well-being.
(248) 775-7832 View (248) 775-7832
Photo of Marissa Dulcamaro, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Marissa Dulcamaro
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Online Only
Hi- I’m so happy you’re here! Being human is not always easy, and, at times, navigating what life has to offer can feel complicated or overwhelming. Because of this, we all sometimes need some extra support, a listening-ear, or a safe space to just talk about everything and anything. I would love to work with you to build a safe, meaningful, and collaborative space to explore your thoughts and emotions while also helping you to develop new skills, understandings, and ways of healing.
Hi- I’m so happy you’re here! Being human is not always easy, and, at times, navigating what life has to offer can feel complicated or overwhelming. Because of this, we all sometimes need some extra support, a listening-ear, or a safe space to just talk about everything and anything. I would love to work with you to build a safe, meaningful, and collaborative space to explore your thoughts and emotions while also helping you to develop new skills, understandings, and ways of healing.
(734) 807-3558 View (734) 807-3558
Photo of Maria Rana, Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Maria Rana
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Online Only
Accepting new clients for therapy and psychological testing. Finding the right therapist can be hard. I want to make sure the process is as easy as possible. I am happy to meet my client in any stage of change. I meet my clients where they are at and assist in developing realistic goals for them to work on throughout the course of their treatment. I use an open, empathetic, and non-judgmental approach in my practice. Cultural competence is integral to my practice as we all come from different backgrounds and cultures. I am trained in Autism, ADHD, and neurocognitive testing for children and adults.
Accepting new clients for therapy and psychological testing. Finding the right therapist can be hard. I want to make sure the process is as easy as possible. I am happy to meet my client in any stage of change. I meet my clients where they are at and assist in developing realistic goals for them to work on throughout the course of their treatment. I use an open, empathetic, and non-judgmental approach in my practice. Cultural competence is integral to my practice as we all come from different backgrounds and cultures. I am trained in Autism, ADHD, and neurocognitive testing for children and adults.
(313) 362-6086 View (313) 362-6086
Photo of Gina M Frost-Porterfield, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Gina M Frost-Porterfield
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Farmington Hills, MI 48331
Are you struggling with everyday life stress? Are work, relationships, finances, parenting, and/or other ongoing commitments taking too big of a toll on your overall happiness? My name is Gina Frost-Porterfield and I have over 23 years of experience helping people, especially women, who are struggling with feeling overwhelmed and having difficulty asking for help from others.
Are you struggling with everyday life stress? Are work, relationships, finances, parenting, and/or other ongoing commitments taking too big of a toll on your overall happiness? My name is Gina Frost-Porterfield and I have over 23 years of experience helping people, especially women, who are struggling with feeling overwhelmed and having difficulty asking for help from others.
(248) 266-9788 View (248) 266-9788

See more therapy options for Hamtramck

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hamtramck, MI

10+

Average cost per session

$152

Therapists in Hamtramck, MI who prioritize treating:

90% Relationship Issues
90% Trauma and PTSD
80% Anxiety
70% Depression
70% Family Conflict
70% Stress
60% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
70% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Hamtramck, MI see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hamtramck?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.