Therapists in Brownstown Township, MI

Photo of Karin Chaundy, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Brownstown Township, MI
Karin Chaundy
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MLP, CCSOTS
Verified Verified
Brownstown Township, MI 48183  (Online Only)
The majority of my referrals come from attorneys with clients who have engaged in illegal sexual behavior, requesting a 'risk assessment' to estimate future risk which could inform sentencing. Clients also self refer, finding that they have had little success in managing their thoughts and behaviors and have had to live with the anxiety and shame of ultimate discovery. Legal consequences of problematic sexual behavior are not the only negative consequences. Intimate and family relationship dysfunction, as well as mood, work performance issues, and self worth are often negatively impacted.
The majority of my referrals come from attorneys with clients who have engaged in illegal sexual behavior, requesting a 'risk assessment' to estimate future risk which could inform sentencing. Clients also self refer, finding that they have had little success in managing their thoughts and behaviors and have had to live with the anxiety and shame of ultimate discovery. Legal consequences of problematic sexual behavior are not the only negative consequences. Intimate and family relationship dysfunction, as well as mood, work performance issues, and self worth are often negatively impacted.
(734) 875-9473 View (734) 875-9473

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Bianca Bartley (Liber), Limited Licensed Psychologist in Brownstown Township, MI
Bianca Bartley (Liber)
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodhaven, MI 48183  (Online Only)
BC/BS, BCN, HAP Insurance or private pay only. ***No Medicaid/Medicare.*** We often manage stress on a regular basis but sometimes our stress levels can go beyond what we feel like normal is, and may need some assistance in navigating those turbulent times. Sometimes we cannot do these things on our own as they often involve our own loved ones, leaving us to feel like there is no place to turn to for support. This is where mental health professionals come in---a judgment free space to figure out what you need to do and how to do it.
BC/BS, BCN, HAP Insurance or private pay only. ***No Medicaid/Medicare.*** We often manage stress on a regular basis but sometimes our stress levels can go beyond what we feel like normal is, and may need some assistance in navigating those turbulent times. Sometimes we cannot do these things on our own as they often involve our own loved ones, leaving us to feel like there is no place to turn to for support. This is where mental health professionals come in---a judgment free space to figure out what you need to do and how to do it.
(734) 436-3350 View (734) 436-3350
Photo of Peer & Associates , Psychologist in Brownstown Township, MI
Peer & Associates
Psychologist, PhD, LP, CFLE
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Woodhaven, MI 48183
Thank you for visiting our profile! Peer & Associates is an outpatient counseling group conveniently located in Woodhaven, MI. We are easily accessible and near many shopping and dining options. We offer counseling services for teens, young adults, adults, and older adults. We do have evening availability. We have a very competent and diverse clinical staff that are trained to provide effective care for a wide variety of presenting concerns. At Peer & Associates we believe in the unique human capacity for growth and honor this as we help people build hope, courage, and strength in their lives!
Thank you for visiting our profile! Peer & Associates is an outpatient counseling group conveniently located in Woodhaven, MI. We are easily accessible and near many shopping and dining options. We offer counseling services for teens, young adults, adults, and older adults. We do have evening availability. We have a very competent and diverse clinical staff that are trained to provide effective care for a wide variety of presenting concerns. At Peer & Associates we believe in the unique human capacity for growth and honor this as we help people build hope, courage, and strength in their lives!
(734) 304-7244 View (734) 304-7244
Photo of Growing Counseling Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brownstown Township, MI
Growing Counseling Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Growing Counseling Services provides psychotherapy to address issues including but not limited to behavioral issues, depression, sexual trauma, etc.
Growing Counseling Services provides psychotherapy to address issues including but not limited to behavioral issues, depression, sexual trauma, etc.
(313) 486-5751 View (313) 486-5751
Photo of Kelly Marie Steyaert, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Brownstown Township, MI
Kelly Marie Steyaert
Limited Licensed Psychologist, TLLP, MA
Verified Verified
Woodhaven, MI 48183
We all experience difficulties and crises in our lives. You may be having difficulty with a life transition, grief and loss, issues related to adverse childhood experiences, relationship issues, or anxiety and/or depression from a source you are unable to identify. You do not have to face these issues alone, and I believe that I can help guide you to the other side of whatever struggle or pain it is that you are facing. Regardless of age, we all continue to have periods of growth, struggle, and change. The best way to grow and to heal is in an atmosphere of nonjudgmental, warmth and compassion, which I believe I can provide.
We all experience difficulties and crises in our lives. You may be having difficulty with a life transition, grief and loss, issues related to adverse childhood experiences, relationship issues, or anxiety and/or depression from a source you are unable to identify. You do not have to face these issues alone, and I believe that I can help guide you to the other side of whatever struggle or pain it is that you are facing. Regardless of age, we all continue to have periods of growth, struggle, and change. The best way to grow and to heal is in an atmosphere of nonjudgmental, warmth and compassion, which I believe I can provide.
(734) 530-4390 View (734) 530-4390
Photo of Teri M Rosa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Brownstown Township, MI
Teri M Rosa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Hi there, I'm Teri! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 20 years of experience. I am passionate about working with my clients, through any challenge they choose, so they can experience healing and positive growth. I work with adults (18+). I love working with a variety of people. My services specialties include: relationships; family, work and romantic, adjustment to life changes, anxiety, depression, PTSD, adult survivors of childhood trauma, substance use/abuse, and chronic illness.
Hi there, I'm Teri! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 20 years of experience. I am passionate about working with my clients, through any challenge they choose, so they can experience healing and positive growth. I work with adults (18+). I love working with a variety of people. My services specialties include: relationships; family, work and romantic, adjustment to life changes, anxiety, depression, PTSD, adult survivors of childhood trauma, substance use/abuse, and chronic illness.
(734) 275-2786 View (734) 275-2786
Photo of Diane Piszker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brownstown Township, MI
Diane Piszker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Diane works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Diane believes that establishing a strong alliance with her clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, she partners with her clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
Diane works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Diane believes that establishing a strong alliance with her clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, she partners with her clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
(734) 259-7277 View (734) 259-7277
Photo of Fay Jaafar, Masters Social Worker in Brownstown Township, MI
Fay Jaafar
Masters Social Worker, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Fay Jaafar is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Michigan who has been practicing since 2023. She has a Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Social Work. Fay believes it's our purpose to strive in serving the vulnerable through building rapport, assessments, designed treatment plans and providing resources. As a social worker, she is devoted to the practice of advocating and empowering individuals, families, and the community. Our end goal is to enhance the quality of life by embracing individuals from all walks of life and promoting social change.
Fay Jaafar is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Michigan who has been practicing since 2023. She has a Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Social Work. Fay believes it's our purpose to strive in serving the vulnerable through building rapport, assessments, designed treatment plans and providing resources. As a social worker, she is devoted to the practice of advocating and empowering individuals, families, and the community. Our end goal is to enhance the quality of life by embracing individuals from all walks of life and promoting social change.
(734) 292-4199 View (734) 292-4199
Photo of Audrey Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brownstown Township, MI
Audrey Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Hello! My name is Audrey Jackson, and I am a licensed clinical therapist. My specialty areas include anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, and negative thoughts and behaviors. Although I usually work with adult individuals, I also welcome couples who want to experience happier and more effective experiences in their relationships. My effective therapy approach is client-centered and skill building. I utilize cognitive behavior therapy, trauma-informed cognitive therapy, and motivational interviewing to help clients identify areas of concern and to become stronger in their coping skills.
Hello! My name is Audrey Jackson, and I am a licensed clinical therapist. My specialty areas include anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, and negative thoughts and behaviors. Although I usually work with adult individuals, I also welcome couples who want to experience happier and more effective experiences in their relationships. My effective therapy approach is client-centered and skill building. I utilize cognitive behavior therapy, trauma-informed cognitive therapy, and motivational interviewing to help clients identify areas of concern and to become stronger in their coping skills.
(734) 336-7846 View (734) 336-7846
Photo of Patricia Keller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Brownstown Township, MI
Patricia Keller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
I'm Patricia Keller, a doctoral candidate pursuing a PhD in Education with an emphasis in counseling. I hold a master's in counseling psychology and am a nationally certified counselor. With over 20 years of professional experience, I'm dedicated to helping women navigate life's challenges and transitions, offering counseling, life coaching, and therapeutic support. Are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and unsure about your next steps? I'm dedicated to helping women navigate life's challenges and transitions, offering counseling, life coaching, and therapeutic support.
I'm Patricia Keller, a doctoral candidate pursuing a PhD in Education with an emphasis in counseling. I hold a master's in counseling psychology and am a nationally certified counselor. With over 20 years of professional experience, I'm dedicated to helping women navigate life's challenges and transitions, offering counseling, life coaching, and therapeutic support. Are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and unsure about your next steps? I'm dedicated to helping women navigate life's challenges and transitions, offering counseling, life coaching, and therapeutic support.
(734) 472-2442 View (734) 472-2442
Pamela Jane Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brownstown, MI 48183  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping individuals make choices that will change them personally and in their relationships. I have been a counselor for over 15 years and I have a Master’s of Art in Pastoral Counseling. My practice recognizes that every individual is unique and counseling is an avenue that helps the individual understand more about themselves and the changes they need to make to work towards reaching their potential.
I am passionate about helping individuals make choices that will change them personally and in their relationships. I have been a counselor for over 15 years and I have a Master’s of Art in Pastoral Counseling. My practice recognizes that every individual is unique and counseling is an avenue that helps the individual understand more about themselves and the changes they need to make to work towards reaching their potential.
(734) 336-1554 View (734) 336-1554
Photo of Healing Is Healthy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brownstown Township, MI
Healing Is Healthy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LLCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Taylor, MI 48180
Do you feel like you don't have a voice and NO ONE is listening? Has dealing with your family and friends' problems become a burden? Is your mind constantly racing? Are you overwhelmed (STRESSED OUT) with everyday life? Does the simplest task feel like climbing a mountain?
Do you feel like you don't have a voice and NO ONE is listening? Has dealing with your family and friends' problems become a burden? Is your mind constantly racing? Are you overwhelmed (STRESSED OUT) with everyday life? Does the simplest task feel like climbing a mountain?
(734) 530-9639 View (734) 530-9639
Photo of Benjamin Bookie, Licensed Professional Counselor in Brownstown Township, MI
Benjamin Bookie
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
My name is Ben Bookie, and I am a Licensed Professional Counseling (License No. 6401017482) in the state of Michigan. My approach to therapy is person centered and eclectic, as we work together to discover what works best for you. Among the areas in which I focus are anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, men's issues, and life changes. I work with a wide range of people and conditions. I focus on areas including anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, men's issues, and life changes. I also have experience treating personality disorders and attachment issues.
My name is Ben Bookie, and I am a Licensed Professional Counseling (License No. 6401017482) in the state of Michigan. My approach to therapy is person centered and eclectic, as we work together to discover what works best for you. Among the areas in which I focus are anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, men's issues, and life changes. I work with a wide range of people and conditions. I focus on areas including anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, men's issues, and life changes. I also have experience treating personality disorders and attachment issues.
(734) 672-3397 View (734) 672-3397
Photo of Patricia Palmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Brownstown Township, MI
Patricia Palmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
My name is Patricia Palmer, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Michigan. I graduated in 2009 from Siena Heights University with a master's degree in counseling. I have worked in various settings and tend to use many different counseling styles, approaches, and techniques to help people reach their highest potential. I am a strength-based provider, and want to assist those in need find a way to create peace and harmony in their lives. Throughout my career, I have worked with children up to older adults, individuals, couples, and families.
My name is Patricia Palmer, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Michigan. I graduated in 2009 from Siena Heights University with a master's degree in counseling. I have worked in various settings and tend to use many different counseling styles, approaches, and techniques to help people reach their highest potential. I am a strength-based provider, and want to assist those in need find a way to create peace and harmony in their lives. Throughout my career, I have worked with children up to older adults, individuals, couples, and families.
(734) 336-7813 View (734) 336-7813
Photo of At Peace Guidance Services, LLC, Counselor in Brownstown Township, MI
At Peace Guidance Services, LLC
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Riverview, MI 48193
I graduated Magna Cum Laude from Georgia State with a B.S in Psychology and with a 4.0 GPA from Mercer University with a M.S in Counseling. I interned at Emory University. My aim is to provide clients with the necessary tools on their journey towards empowerment and self-discovery. Specializing in, but not limited to, providing children's therapy. Experienced with providing support for: survivors of domestic violence; developmental and emotional disorders; communication disorders; life transitions; depression; anxiety; issues with self-esteem; and family counseling.
I graduated Magna Cum Laude from Georgia State with a B.S in Psychology and with a 4.0 GPA from Mercer University with a M.S in Counseling. I interned at Emory University. My aim is to provide clients with the necessary tools on their journey towards empowerment and self-discovery. Specializing in, but not limited to, providing children's therapy. Experienced with providing support for: survivors of domestic violence; developmental and emotional disorders; communication disorders; life transitions; depression; anxiety; issues with self-esteem; and family counseling.
(833) 843-2259 View (833) 843-2259
Photo of Erin McLoughlin Holland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brownstown Township, MI
Erin McLoughlin Holland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW, CTRP, BA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Woodhaven, MI 48183
I am glad you found me and you are meant to be here. Most of my kiddos, couples, or adults often find me when they have struggled to find a good match for a therapist or just feel stuck. As a therapist, I value interconnectedness and a deep empathy with each client I come to serve. If you are looking for someone who offers a nonjudgemental approach and want to dive deeper into therapy to get to the root of your problem, look no further. I specialize in children, couples, women recovering from divorce, and dual diagnosis. I am trauma informed.
I am glad you found me and you are meant to be here. Most of my kiddos, couples, or adults often find me when they have struggled to find a good match for a therapist or just feel stuck. As a therapist, I value interconnectedness and a deep empathy with each client I come to serve. If you are looking for someone who offers a nonjudgemental approach and want to dive deeper into therapy to get to the root of your problem, look no further. I specialize in children, couples, women recovering from divorce, and dual diagnosis. I am trauma informed.
(734) 212-8064 View (734) 212-8064
Photo of Debra Dukes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brownstown Township, MI
Debra Dukes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Debra Dukes I am a Licensed Clinical Therapist and Special Education School Social Worker. I am highly motivated, persistent, and mature. I have worked with special education children and adolescent for over 23 years. I have helped them overcome developmental, personal and social problems. I utilize the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach. Which will help clients identify certain thoughts and feelings about yourself or situations that can lead to distress. In the CBT sessions will work on identifying patterns and learning about how negative thoughts might negatively affect you.
Debra Dukes I am a Licensed Clinical Therapist and Special Education School Social Worker. I am highly motivated, persistent, and mature. I have worked with special education children and adolescent for over 23 years. I have helped them overcome developmental, personal and social problems. I utilize the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach. Which will help clients identify certain thoughts and feelings about yourself or situations that can lead to distress. In the CBT sessions will work on identifying patterns and learning about how negative thoughts might negatively affect you.
(734) 808-3683 View (734) 808-3683
Photo of Tamara Purtell, Counselor in Brownstown Township, MI
Tamara Purtell
Counselor, LPC, NCC, CAADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Woodhaven, MI 48183
I work with adults experiencing challenges with parenting neurodiversity and children with additional needs, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder, postpartum anxiety and depression, transitioning to motherhood and other phase of life issues, and anxiety. I have extensive experience working with substance use disorders and behavioral addiction. My work experiences include individual and family therapy, residential treatment, intensive outpatient treatment, and supervision.
I work with adults experiencing challenges with parenting neurodiversity and children with additional needs, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder, postpartum anxiety and depression, transitioning to motherhood and other phase of life issues, and anxiety. I have extensive experience working with substance use disorders and behavioral addiction. My work experiences include individual and family therapy, residential treatment, intensive outpatient treatment, and supervision.
(248) 453-7419 View (248) 453-7419
Photo of Lindsey Paiva, Licensed Professional Counselor in Brownstown Township, MI
Lindsey Paiva
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Brownstown, MI 48183  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Do you find yourself overwhelmed, anxious, or carrying the mental load of the family? Does it feel like you have an endless "To Do" list that you can't seem to get done? Maybe you struggle with overthinking, prioritizing yourself, providing self compassion, and are your own worst critic? I want to help by providing support, guidance, and compassion to make your life easier and more enjoyable.
Do you find yourself overwhelmed, anxious, or carrying the mental load of the family? Does it feel like you have an endless "To Do" list that you can't seem to get done? Maybe you struggle with overthinking, prioritizing yourself, providing self compassion, and are your own worst critic? I want to help by providing support, guidance, and compassion to make your life easier and more enjoyable.
(248) 665-8874 View (248) 665-8874
Photo of Trinity Collins- Justian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brownstown Township, MI
Trinity Collins- Justian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
Trinity Collins-Justian is a Licensed Social Worker in Michigan with more than 20 years of experience working with individuals and families. She has a Master's from the University of Michigan. Trinity's counseling style is warm and comforting, as well as empowering, with humor thrown in for good measure. She uses active listening and reassurance as you share your story, and she is committed to developing a comforting and safe therapeutic space where you can feel free to share openly. Trinity understands change as hard, and the expert in you is you.
Trinity Collins-Justian is a Licensed Social Worker in Michigan with more than 20 years of experience working with individuals and families. She has a Master's from the University of Michigan. Trinity's counseling style is warm and comforting, as well as empowering, with humor thrown in for good measure. She uses active listening and reassurance as you share your story, and she is committed to developing a comforting and safe therapeutic space where you can feel free to share openly. Trinity understands change as hard, and the expert in you is you.
(734) 822-7054 View (734) 822-7054

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Brownstown Township, MI

< 10

Therapists in Brownstown Township, MI who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Anxiety
100% Addiction
100% ADHD
100% Grief
100% Parenting
100% Trauma and PTSD

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Therapists in Brownstown Township, MI see their clients

100% Online Only

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Brownstown Township?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.