Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI

Photo of Nicole Polan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Nicole Polan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Welcome! Taking the first step towards therapy can be a huge hurdle, and I am so glad you are here! I provide a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive environment for you to feel heard, seen, and accepted just as you are. I believe in meeting you where you’re at; I am committed to walk alongside you, and guide you while you take the lead on your journey to positive change and healing.
Welcome! Taking the first step towards therapy can be a huge hurdle, and I am so glad you are here! I provide a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive environment for you to feel heard, seen, and accepted just as you are. I believe in meeting you where you’re at; I am committed to walk alongside you, and guide you while you take the lead on your journey to positive change and healing.
(734) 519-7605 View (734) 519-7605
Photo of Stuart Chalin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Stuart Chalin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48103  (Online Only)
During an interview for the clinic I have been working at for 10 years I was asked "what kind of clients do you enjoy working with the most?" I know they were asking about specific diagnoses or other demographics but my answer was "I really like working with people who show up." I didn't just mean people who come to sessions, I meant people who are willing to be an active participant in their therapy. There are so many factors that contribute to your current situation. I want to explore as many of those factors as possible with you to help you understand yourself better so you can make better choices of how to proceed in your life.
During an interview for the clinic I have been working at for 10 years I was asked "what kind of clients do you enjoy working with the most?" I know they were asking about specific diagnoses or other demographics but my answer was "I really like working with people who show up." I didn't just mean people who come to sessions, I meant people who are willing to be an active participant in their therapy. There are so many factors that contribute to your current situation. I want to explore as many of those factors as possible with you to help you understand yourself better so you can make better choices of how to proceed in your life.
(734) 270-6528 View (734) 270-6528
Photo of Jennifer Janssen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Jennifer Janssen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48103  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Many of my clients are looking for new ways of handling stress in their lives, are working to heal from difficult early experiences, or are seeking to improve their intimate relationships. Together, we can observe stuck patterns with curiosity, heal old wounds, and experiment with new ways of relating to yourself and others. I deeply enjoy helping people see themselves in a new light and experience increased wellbeing in their relationships.
Many of my clients are looking for new ways of handling stress in their lives, are working to heal from difficult early experiences, or are seeking to improve their intimate relationships. Together, we can observe stuck patterns with curiosity, heal old wounds, and experiment with new ways of relating to yourself and others. I deeply enjoy helping people see themselves in a new light and experience increased wellbeing in their relationships.
(734) 259-7746 View (734) 259-7746
Photo of Sumeyah Chaudhry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Sumeyah Chaudhry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Making the decision to meet with a therapist and finding the one that is right for you is often a very difficult and overwhelming. It is my hope that this page will ease some of those worries and provide you with a sense of hope. As a therapist, I strive to be real & down to earth when working with someone. My goal is to help you reach your goals, while providing a supportive & an unbiased perspective.
Making the decision to meet with a therapist and finding the one that is right for you is often a very difficult and overwhelming. It is my hope that this page will ease some of those worries and provide you with a sense of hope. As a therapist, I strive to be real & down to earth when working with someone. My goal is to help you reach your goals, while providing a supportive & an unbiased perspective.
(734) 224-3822 x109 View (734) 224-3822 x109
Photo of Emily Gutman Opfermann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Emily Gutman Opfermann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, IMH-E
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Welcome! I'm so glad you're here! My priority as a therapist is to create a trusting, safe, authentic relationship from which to explore the concerns and difficulties you may be having. I value and honor the many identities and life experiences that clients bring with them into our therapeutic space and believe that each individual's strengths and challenges are influenced by the systems around them. Ultimately, it is through safe relationships, that see us for everything we are, that we have the opportunity to create change within ourselves.
Welcome! I'm so glad you're here! My priority as a therapist is to create a trusting, safe, authentic relationship from which to explore the concerns and difficulties you may be having. I value and honor the many identities and life experiences that clients bring with them into our therapeutic space and believe that each individual's strengths and challenges are influenced by the systems around them. Ultimately, it is through safe relationships, that see us for everything we are, that we have the opportunity to create change within ourselves.
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Photo of Tracy Dunbar, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Ann Arbor, MI
Tracy Dunbar
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, MS, LLP
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Each person has an innate capacity for strength and change, and is worthy of a life filled with satisfaction and joy. Working together, we can explore thoughts and patterns and find ways to reach your best potential for positive change. I am passionate about helping people discover and develop their strengths, as well as create patterns that allow them to live happy, meaningful lives.
Each person has an innate capacity for strength and change, and is worthy of a life filled with satisfaction and joy. Working together, we can explore thoughts and patterns and find ways to reach your best potential for positive change. I am passionate about helping people discover and develop their strengths, as well as create patterns that allow them to live happy, meaningful lives.
(734) 344-5195 View (734) 344-5195
Photo of Tasha Ball, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Tasha Ball
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48105  (Online Only)
Finding a therapist can be overwhelming and taxing! My hope is that I can make that process smooth and comforting for you as you begin on your healing journey. I specialize in working with individuals who identify as LGBTQIA+, people with a history of emotional abuse, anxiety, depression, self-harm, trauma, and relationship/family conflict. I will provide you with the space to learn and grow as well as be vulnerable and have hard conversations. You CAN do hard things and I am here to be a support for you to feel more confident and conquer your fears.
Finding a therapist can be overwhelming and taxing! My hope is that I can make that process smooth and comforting for you as you begin on your healing journey. I specialize in working with individuals who identify as LGBTQIA+, people with a history of emotional abuse, anxiety, depression, self-harm, trauma, and relationship/family conflict. I will provide you with the space to learn and grow as well as be vulnerable and have hard conversations. You CAN do hard things and I am here to be a support for you to feel more confident and conquer your fears.
(734) 849-2131 View (734) 849-2131
Photo of Stephanie Starks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Stephanie Starks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Supporting people of all identities including, but not limited to: age, gender, culture, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, language, mental and physical ability, national origin, religion, spirituality, size, socio-economic status, political perspective, citizenship, and world view. Learning how to take care of your well-being – emotional, physical, and mental - can be difficult trying to manage. You might have identified what isn’t working in your life. Through our time together we will work to help you find what works best and continue to learn and grow.
Supporting people of all identities including, but not limited to: age, gender, culture, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, language, mental and physical ability, national origin, religion, spirituality, size, socio-economic status, political perspective, citizenship, and world view. Learning how to take care of your well-being – emotional, physical, and mental - can be difficult trying to manage. You might have identified what isn’t working in your life. Through our time together we will work to help you find what works best and continue to learn and grow.
(734) 436-3665 View (734) 436-3665
Photo of Erika Homann, Psychologist in Ann Arbor, MI
Erika Homann
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Not accepting new clients
March 1, 2021: I am currently not taking new patients. I am fully-licensed psychologist trained at the University of Michigan and the Michigan Psychoanalytic Institute. I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, supervision, parent guidance, and personality testing. If you have struggled with long-standing difficulties but only found temporary help, psychodynamic therapy or psychoanalysis could be very helpful to you.
March 1, 2021: I am currently not taking new patients. I am fully-licensed psychologist trained at the University of Michigan and the Michigan Psychoanalytic Institute. I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, supervision, parent guidance, and personality testing. If you have struggled with long-standing difficulties but only found temporary help, psychodynamic therapy or psychoanalysis could be very helpful to you.
(734) 237-6238 View (734) 237-6238
Photo of Cormac Ryder, Pastoral Counselor in Ann Arbor, MI
Cormac Ryder
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv, BCC
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
The purpose of spiritual counseling is to support you in living from your deepest, most authentic self. As we continually develop, it can be difficult to remain authentic, difficult to balance our own highest values with cultural, vocational, and familial challenges. Especially in times of transition, it takes support, reflection and encouragement to remain true to who we are. While I bring my experience as an ordained Zen Buddhist to my spiritual counseling practice, ultimately my goal is to meet clients where they are, using the particularities of their strengths to help them settle more deeply into their true selves.
The purpose of spiritual counseling is to support you in living from your deepest, most authentic self. As we continually develop, it can be difficult to remain authentic, difficult to balance our own highest values with cultural, vocational, and familial challenges. Especially in times of transition, it takes support, reflection and encouragement to remain true to who we are. While I bring my experience as an ordained Zen Buddhist to my spiritual counseling practice, ultimately my goal is to meet clients where they are, using the particularities of their strengths to help them settle more deeply into their true selves.
(203) 989-4650 View (203) 989-4650
Photo of Lauren Hoyt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Lauren Hoyt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LISAC, CSAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
As a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist and a Certified EMDR Specialist, I offer counseling to individuals who struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, sex/porn addiction, unresolved trauma and those wanting to work on their relationships on an individual and/or couple basis. Therapy would not only focus is not only on the root causes of the issues because going back to the root cause and where our issues originated removes the power it has on us, but reducing the affects that it has on us in the present day so that we can move forward in our lives.
As a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist and a Certified EMDR Specialist, I offer counseling to individuals who struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, sex/porn addiction, unresolved trauma and those wanting to work on their relationships on an individual and/or couple basis. Therapy would not only focus is not only on the root causes of the issues because going back to the root cause and where our issues originated removes the power it has on us, but reducing the affects that it has on us in the present day so that we can move forward in our lives.
(520) 549-2070 View (520) 549-2070
Photo of Fernanda Berganza, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Ann Arbor, MI
Fernanda Berganza
Limited Licensed Psychologist, TLLP, MTFS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Waitlist for new clients
Taking a journey of self-exploration can be challenging! My goal is to provide the resources and skills to assist in making positive transformations in your life. I am intentional about supporting you as we discern together your optimal treatment plan. As a humanistic and systemic therapist, I believe that desired change happens through looking at past and present relational experiences, developing skills to manage difficult emotions and situations, and understanding possible barriers to leading a fulfilling life. I enjoy working with diverse backgrounds, cultures and identities and I am sensitive to your specific needs.
Taking a journey of self-exploration can be challenging! My goal is to provide the resources and skills to assist in making positive transformations in your life. I am intentional about supporting you as we discern together your optimal treatment plan. As a humanistic and systemic therapist, I believe that desired change happens through looking at past and present relational experiences, developing skills to manage difficult emotions and situations, and understanding possible barriers to leading a fulfilling life. I enjoy working with diverse backgrounds, cultures and identities and I am sensitive to your specific needs.
(734) 896-5593 View (734) 896-5593
Photo of Amy L Zenn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Amy L Zenn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48108
My ideal client is someone who is ready to turn inward, dig deep, and discover what's standing in the way of living their best life. I also enjoy working with clients who are ready to step into their power and/or reclaim the power they’ve lost navigating life’s challenges. Life is messy and getting through the hardest parts can come at a cost, so it feels really satisfying to work with clients who are ready to focus more energy inward and recover what may have been lost along the way.
My ideal client is someone who is ready to turn inward, dig deep, and discover what's standing in the way of living their best life. I also enjoy working with clients who are ready to step into their power and/or reclaim the power they’ve lost navigating life’s challenges. Life is messy and getting through the hardest parts can come at a cost, so it feels really satisfying to work with clients who are ready to focus more energy inward and recover what may have been lost along the way.
(734) 472-2696 View (734) 472-2696
Photo of Ethan Milner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Ethan Milner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48103  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
For anyone searching for an ally in approaching the challenges of life, choosing therapy can be a great option. Some of the issues I work on are trauma, depression, anxiety, ADHD. I specialize in working with individual adults, adolescents, with families (parent-child focus), and athletes. Another specialty is helping individuals and families from adolescence to adulthood in understanding and navigating neurodivergence, especially as related to Autism. I welcome folks from any walk of life, though my practice is explicitly anti-racist, LGBTQQ+ positive, disability-conscious, and cognizant of systemic harm.
For anyone searching for an ally in approaching the challenges of life, choosing therapy can be a great option. Some of the issues I work on are trauma, depression, anxiety, ADHD. I specialize in working with individual adults, adolescents, with families (parent-child focus), and athletes. Another specialty is helping individuals and families from adolescence to adulthood in understanding and navigating neurodivergence, especially as related to Autism. I welcome folks from any walk of life, though my practice is explicitly anti-racist, LGBTQQ+ positive, disability-conscious, and cognizant of systemic harm.
(734) 999-4173 View (734) 999-4173
Photo of Brianna Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Brianna Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
I appreciate your willingness to be vulnerable and seek a partner in change. I welcome you as you are and will create a safe, judgement-free space for you to share your thoughts and feelings. My top priority is to empower you to reach your full potential by highlighting your own inner-strength and wisdom. I use an eclectic approach with my clients, meaning I work with you to identify which tools and skills may be most helpful based on your unique experiences and preferences.
I appreciate your willingness to be vulnerable and seek a partner in change. I welcome you as you are and will create a safe, judgement-free space for you to share your thoughts and feelings. My top priority is to empower you to reach your full potential by highlighting your own inner-strength and wisdom. I use an eclectic approach with my clients, meaning I work with you to identify which tools and skills may be most helpful based on your unique experiences and preferences.
(734) 339-2693 View (734) 339-2693
Photo of Nicole E Buller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Nicole E Buller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Not accepting new clients
As a clinical social worker and therapist, I strive to create an environment of emotional safety in which we can identify and explore the internal conflicts and patterns of maladaptive behavior that leave you feeling distressed or dissatisfied. Through confidential consultation, we will first ensure there is a good fit between your concerns and my expertise. Then we will begin an individualized treatment that optimizes the conditions needed to support your recovery and personal growth.
As a clinical social worker and therapist, I strive to create an environment of emotional safety in which we can identify and explore the internal conflicts and patterns of maladaptive behavior that leave you feeling distressed or dissatisfied. Through confidential consultation, we will first ensure there is a good fit between your concerns and my expertise. Then we will begin an individualized treatment that optimizes the conditions needed to support your recovery and personal growth.
(734) 636-2932 View (734) 636-2932
Photo of Sarah Cissell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Sarah Cissell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CST
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
As a coach and therapist, my approach centers around empowerment and the integral role relationships play in our lives. A self-identified life long learner, I pride myself on sharing information and relevant resources with clients. My work is both goal oriented and client directed. My therapeutic approach is attachment-based and utilizes an eclectic mix of modalities including interpersonal therapy, CBT, strengths-based, and trauma-focused therapy. Areas of interest include sexuality, relationships, depression,, anxiety, transitions, and trauma.
As a coach and therapist, my approach centers around empowerment and the integral role relationships play in our lives. A self-identified life long learner, I pride myself on sharing information and relevant resources with clients. My work is both goal oriented and client directed. My therapeutic approach is attachment-based and utilizes an eclectic mix of modalities including interpersonal therapy, CBT, strengths-based, and trauma-focused therapy. Areas of interest include sexuality, relationships, depression,, anxiety, transitions, and trauma.
(517) 236-8578 View (517) 236-8578
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Towns, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Dr. Jennifer Towns
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Hello and welcome! You are so courageous for considering the next step in your healing journey. My name is Jennifer (Jen) Towns (she/her). It is my personal and professional belief that everyone can discover their most authentic and successful self. I invite you to a safe space where you can learn to trust, speak your truth, and realize your potential for emotional growth and change. ​I practice trauma-informed integrative therapy - blending somatic body work, EMDR, IFS / ego-state parts work, and a general recognition of the impact of traumas and attachment wounds on ourselves and our relationships.
Hello and welcome! You are so courageous for considering the next step in your healing journey. My name is Jennifer (Jen) Towns (she/her). It is my personal and professional belief that everyone can discover their most authentic and successful self. I invite you to a safe space where you can learn to trust, speak your truth, and realize your potential for emotional growth and change. ​I practice trauma-informed integrative therapy - blending somatic body work, EMDR, IFS / ego-state parts work, and a general recognition of the impact of traumas and attachment wounds on ourselves and our relationships.
(734) 264-7968 View (734) 264-7968
Photo of Amy Breza, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Amy Breza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MDiv
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48104  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you tired, sad, or lonely? Have you noticed there are unhelpful patterns in your life or do you feel like something is weighing you down? These things can substantially impact your mood, decision-making, or ambition. It's okay to get help from a professional if you're feeling this way. It is helpful to begin your therapeutic journey when you have experienced unexpected circumstances, mood changes, or life transitions.
Are you tired, sad, or lonely? Have you noticed there are unhelpful patterns in your life or do you feel like something is weighing you down? These things can substantially impact your mood, decision-making, or ambition. It's okay to get help from a professional if you're feeling this way. It is helpful to begin your therapeutic journey when you have experienced unexpected circumstances, mood changes, or life transitions.
(734) 672-3090 View (734) 672-3090
Photo of Tracy Lynn Irons Orchard Lake Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Tracy Lynn Irons Orchard Lake Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW , MA, CAADC-D
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48108  (Online Only)
Being a transparent person and working in the field of addiction has helped me relate and understand others in their recovery journeys. My purpose today is to help others figure out their ways that they want to live a healthier better life and how they can do that with talk therapy. The ideal client would be someone that is open and willing to make changes in their lives and to grow by self reflecting on where they want to go in their future.
Being a transparent person and working in the field of addiction has helped me relate and understand others in their recovery journeys. My purpose today is to help others figure out their ways that they want to live a healthier better life and how they can do that with talk therapy. The ideal client would be someone that is open and willing to make changes in their lives and to grow by self reflecting on where they want to go in their future.
(734) 808-3658 View (734) 808-3658

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
55% Blue Care Network
46% Aetna

How Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ann Arbor?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.