Therapists in Downtown, San Francisco, CA

Photo of Kimberly Mascaro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Kimberly Mascaro
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Welcome! Are you on a path for living a life of purpose and meaning? Allow me to support you. Come see me in my virtual therapy office! I'm known for my warm, relational approach and holistic, eclectic style, integrating talk therapy with mindfulness, expressive art, hypnotherapy, dreamwork, and more. I provide individualized care, personally tailored to your specific needs and desires. Currently, I'm serving a diverse adult population (primarily the 20s through the 50s) focusing on a variety of issues (creativity, spirituality, past trauma, adult ADHD, anxiety, postpartum, life transitions, grief/loss, as well as recovery).
Welcome! Are you on a path for living a life of purpose and meaning? Allow me to support you. Come see me in my virtual therapy office! I'm known for my warm, relational approach and holistic, eclectic style, integrating talk therapy with mindfulness, expressive art, hypnotherapy, dreamwork, and more. I provide individualized care, personally tailored to your specific needs and desires. Currently, I'm serving a diverse adult population (primarily the 20s through the 50s) focusing on a variety of issues (creativity, spirituality, past trauma, adult ADHD, anxiety, postpartum, life transitions, grief/loss, as well as recovery).
(530) 203-5874 View (530) 203-5874
Photo of Atlantide Mangin, Counselor in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Atlantide Mangin
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
Atlantide Mangin is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2015. She earned her Master of Arts in Counseling at the University of San Diego in California with a specialization in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Atlantide’s undergraduate degree is in Psychology with a minor in Sociology. Atlantide’s counseling experience includes the following specializations: trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and relationship difficulties.
Atlantide Mangin is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2015. She earned her Master of Arts in Counseling at the University of San Diego in California with a specialization in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Atlantide’s undergraduate degree is in Psychology with a minor in Sociology. Atlantide’s counseling experience includes the following specializations: trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and relationship difficulties.
(628) 232-8516 View (628) 232-8516
Photo of Myisha Battle in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Myisha Battle
MA
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I am a certified sex and dating coach who helps individuals and couples of all kinds overcome sexual concerns like mismatched desire, low desire and sexual communication difficulties. My clients see an increase in the quality of their sexual interactions with partners and more confidence to ask for what they need after working with me. I also provide individual dating coaching to help people find the right partners and navigate the tricky waters of online dating. I identify as a feminist and work with all genders, orientations and relationship structures.
I am a certified sex and dating coach who helps individuals and couples of all kinds overcome sexual concerns like mismatched desire, low desire and sexual communication difficulties. My clients see an increase in the quality of their sexual interactions with partners and more confidence to ask for what they need after working with me. I also provide individual dating coaching to help people find the right partners and navigate the tricky waters of online dating. I identify as a feminist and work with all genders, orientations and relationship structures.
(628) 800-0823 View (628) 800-0823
Photo of Lisa Johnson, Psychologist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Lisa Johnson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
Lisa Johnson is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2000. She has a PsyD and MA from Pepperdine University. Lisa has worked for many years as both a psychologist and small business owner, with particular expertise in addressing matters of workplace stress. Lisa works with adults of all ages and backgrounds to help them hear their own voice in a world that is constantly seeking to influence them for its own purposes. She seeks to understand the present individual, by way of exploring how past successes and disappointments have shaped them.
Lisa Johnson is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2000. She has a PsyD and MA from Pepperdine University. Lisa has worked for many years as both a psychologist and small business owner, with particular expertise in addressing matters of workplace stress. Lisa works with adults of all ages and backgrounds to help them hear their own voice in a world that is constantly seeking to influence them for its own purposes. She seeks to understand the present individual, by way of exploring how past successes and disappointments have shaped them.
(628) 227-6305 View (628) 227-6305
Photo of Phyllis Klein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Phyllis Klein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
Not accepting new clients
A large part of my life's purpose is to help women, men, and couples cope with and heal from life's traumas. I believe in therapy as a way to heal, starting with a caring relationship. Accidents, health issues, disease, child abuse (sexual, physical, emotional, or neglect), family problems, grief and loss, etc. can be traumatic. Problems add up and cause complex layers of stress and challenge over time. People say that I am warm and caring, I listen carefully, am patient, sensitive, and don't give up. I pay special attention to making the space safe for you.
A large part of my life's purpose is to help women, men, and couples cope with and heal from life's traumas. I believe in therapy as a way to heal, starting with a caring relationship. Accidents, health issues, disease, child abuse (sexual, physical, emotional, or neglect), family problems, grief and loss, etc. can be traumatic. Problems add up and cause complex layers of stress and challenge over time. People say that I am warm and caring, I listen carefully, am patient, sensitive, and don't give up. I pay special attention to making the space safe for you.
(415) 630-2326 View (415) 630-2326
Photo of Marika Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Marika Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
I'm curious about people: how our unique histories have shaped us, how we relate to each other & what motivates our behavior in relationships. I specialize in processing relationships with couples & individuals struggling with codependency, communication, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem & identity. We often get stuck in repetitive behavioral/thinking patterns that block us from living the lives we yearn for. We may feel misunderstood or disconnected in our relationships. We may avoid intimacy because we don’t want to get hurt again. We may have a harsh inner critic & lack self-love. Do you experience this in your life?
I'm curious about people: how our unique histories have shaped us, how we relate to each other & what motivates our behavior in relationships. I specialize in processing relationships with couples & individuals struggling with codependency, communication, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem & identity. We often get stuck in repetitive behavioral/thinking patterns that block us from living the lives we yearn for. We may feel misunderstood or disconnected in our relationships. We may avoid intimacy because we don’t want to get hurt again. We may have a harsh inner critic & lack self-love. Do you experience this in your life?
(415) 943-2389 View (415) 943-2389
Photo of Kathleen Hoffman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Kathleen Hoffman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
Kathleen Hoffman is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated from California State University, Sacramento with a Master of Science degree in Marriage and Family Counseling in 2007. Kathleen is multifaceted in her experience working with individuals (adolescents and adults from young to the senior years), couples, children, and families. She began her therapist journey in equine assisted therapy and then transitioned to a clinic setting.
Kathleen Hoffman is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated from California State University, Sacramento with a Master of Science degree in Marriage and Family Counseling in 2007. Kathleen is multifaceted in her experience working with individuals (adolescents and adults from young to the senior years), couples, children, and families. She began her therapist journey in equine assisted therapy and then transitioned to a clinic setting.
(628) 277-5080 View (628) 277-5080
Photo of Jerna Reyes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Jerna Reyes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94108
Not accepting new clients
Are you looking to overcome challenging life situations? Would you like to experience relief from stressors, improve your quality of life, and achieve your therapeutic goals? I have extensive experience working with depression, anxiety, anger management, marital issues, issues related to aging, chemical abuse and dependency, gambling and other addictions, and personality issues. I have been a psychotherapist for over 14 years treating adults and older adults 18 years of age and above. Psychotherapy is individual and personal, and there are multiple approaches to treatment. I also believe that the development of communication skills and coping skills are very important in achieving wellness.
Are you looking to overcome challenging life situations? Would you like to experience relief from stressors, improve your quality of life, and achieve your therapeutic goals? I have extensive experience working with depression, anxiety, anger management, marital issues, issues related to aging, chemical abuse and dependency, gambling and other addictions, and personality issues. I have been a psychotherapist for over 14 years treating adults and older adults 18 years of age and above. Psychotherapy is individual and personal, and there are multiple approaches to treatment. I also believe that the development of communication skills and coping skills are very important in achieving wellness.
(415) 741-0654 View (415) 741-0654
Photo of Brie Pierquet, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Brie Pierquet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR-T
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
Maybe you've experience one or more traumatic events which continue to impact your life, or have a career where you are exposed to traumatic events regularly. Maybe you've noticed that you've been feeling depressed, and no longer enjoy activities you once did. Or maybe you're feeling consumed by worry and stress. I am also a Certified First Responder Counselor.
Maybe you've experience one or more traumatic events which continue to impact your life, or have a career where you are exposed to traumatic events regularly. Maybe you've noticed that you've been feeling depressed, and no longer enjoy activities you once did. Or maybe you're feeling consumed by worry and stress. I am also a Certified First Responder Counselor.
(415) 792-1818 View (415) 792-1818
Photo of Hawlan Ng, Psychologist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Hawlan Ng
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
If you are struggling with unbearable feelings, loneliness, identity issues, shame, guilt, and/or relationship difficulties, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore yourself in relation to your world. My approach rests on the belief that our ways of understanding and coping with the present may be limited by our previous experiences. By working together, we find new expanded ways to help you understand and cope more effectively.
If you are struggling with unbearable feelings, loneliness, identity issues, shame, guilt, and/or relationship difficulties, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore yourself in relation to your world. My approach rests on the belief that our ways of understanding and coping with the present may be limited by our previous experiences. By working together, we find new expanded ways to help you understand and cope more effectively.
(415) 965-3587 View (415) 965-3587
Photo of Leanne Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Leanne Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
My style works best with individuals or couples that are interested in a solution focused approach. I enjoy working with individual clients that are working through anxiety, mood, or relationship issues. When working with couples I focus on making practical communication changes that increase closeness and intimacy. I also specialize in working with the LGBTQ community.
My style works best with individuals or couples that are interested in a solution focused approach. I enjoy working with individual clients that are working through anxiety, mood, or relationship issues. When working with couples I focus on making practical communication changes that increase closeness and intimacy. I also specialize in working with the LGBTQ community.
(628) 345-5172 View (628) 345-5172
Photo of Catalina Uribe-Kling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Catalina Uribe-Kling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94146  (Online Only)
I can help you find a felt sense of safety and wellbeing within yourself. My goal is to help you obtain compassion for your self so that a more clear understanding of your path and options becomes available to you. This will help you to heal heart and mind and to grow towards your highest self in a loving and kind way. I have worked as a psychotherapist in several countries, I work with a multicultural lens and I am natively bilingual in English and Spanish.
I can help you find a felt sense of safety and wellbeing within yourself. My goal is to help you obtain compassion for your self so that a more clear understanding of your path and options becomes available to you. This will help you to heal heart and mind and to grow towards your highest self in a loving and kind way. I have worked as a psychotherapist in several countries, I work with a multicultural lens and I am natively bilingual in English and Spanish.
(415) 358-0068 View (415) 358-0068
Photo of V'Anne Singleton, MFT - Therapist and Life Coach, Marriage & Family Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
V'Anne Singleton, MFT - Therapist and Life Coach
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I believe my principal role as a therapist is to create a safe place for people to find their unique paths to emotional well-being and meaningful relationships. Whether you are going through a life transition, feeling depressed or anxious, experiencing a relationship conflict, or struggling with an addiction, making a change is always easier when you have an experienced professional to guide you through it. I can be that guide. Invest the time and energy to improve your emotional health in the same way you strive to improve your physical health. Our emotions need exercise and our relationships need nurturing.
I believe my principal role as a therapist is to create a safe place for people to find their unique paths to emotional well-being and meaningful relationships. Whether you are going through a life transition, feeling depressed or anxious, experiencing a relationship conflict, or struggling with an addiction, making a change is always easier when you have an experienced professional to guide you through it. I can be that guide. Invest the time and energy to improve your emotional health in the same way you strive to improve your physical health. Our emotions need exercise and our relationships need nurturing.
(415) 326-8940 View (415) 326-8940
Photo of Dr. Mariel Barcebal, Psychologist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Dr. Mariel Barcebal
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
And the day came when the risk to remain tight in a bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom. ― Anais Nin. Choosing to start therapy is so powerful as it means that you are looking to create a shift within yourself and what you've been doing is no longer serving you. Have you noticed yourself feeling stuck and overwhelmed within the negative cycle of your circumstances & deeply established emotional patterns? Do you identify as a people pleaser, shrinking yourself & prioritizing others' needs over your own? I will work collaboratively with you to break intergenerational trauma patterns at its source & move forward anew.
And the day came when the risk to remain tight in a bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom. ― Anais Nin. Choosing to start therapy is so powerful as it means that you are looking to create a shift within yourself and what you've been doing is no longer serving you. Have you noticed yourself feeling stuck and overwhelmed within the negative cycle of your circumstances & deeply established emotional patterns? Do you identify as a people pleaser, shrinking yourself & prioritizing others' needs over your own? I will work collaboratively with you to break intergenerational trauma patterns at its source & move forward anew.
(213) 335-2236 View (213) 335-2236
Photo of Shanon Sitkin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Shanon Sitkin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
I work with people who are interested in discovering patterns of relating to themselves and others that keep them from feeling satisfied in life. I believe that when a person seeks help they do so because they can't figure things out on their own. In a sense, you have suffered enough and you are wanting change. Therapy is hard work and we can resist change even when we think we want it. My job is to help you understand what is getting in the way.
I work with people who are interested in discovering patterns of relating to themselves and others that keep them from feeling satisfied in life. I believe that when a person seeks help they do so because they can't figure things out on their own. In a sense, you have suffered enough and you are wanting change. Therapy is hard work and we can resist change even when we think we want it. My job is to help you understand what is getting in the way.
(415) 980-7682 View (415) 980-7682
Photo of Natalie M. Mills, Marriage & Family Therapist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Natalie M. Mills
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
I work with individuals and couples who want to shift relational problem patterns by healing from trauma, deepening their self-awareness, and strengthening their connections with others. I offer tools to help people gain insight into their behavior, learn how to effectively manage their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and ameliorate destructive cycles. Collaboratively, my clients and I improve their self-concepts. I use a relational, attachment-based framework and draw on EMDR therapy when indicated.
I work with individuals and couples who want to shift relational problem patterns by healing from trauma, deepening their self-awareness, and strengthening their connections with others. I offer tools to help people gain insight into their behavior, learn how to effectively manage their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and ameliorate destructive cycles. Collaboratively, my clients and I improve their self-concepts. I use a relational, attachment-based framework and draw on EMDR therapy when indicated.
(415) 301-7713 View (415) 301-7713
Photo of Robin Fragner, Psychologist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Robin Fragner
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94146  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I believe in the transformational power of play and creativity for children, especially in the context of a warm, confidential relationship with a caring therapist. I understand that behavioral change is both skill based and relational. I have over thirty years of experience working only with children and adolescents in individual therapy. Thus I bring to my work a lifetime of professional experience understanding the developmental and attachment needs of children, a background of work in childhood trauma, anxiety symptoms and the special considerations required in helping children and parents navigate divorce.
I believe in the transformational power of play and creativity for children, especially in the context of a warm, confidential relationship with a caring therapist. I understand that behavioral change is both skill based and relational. I have over thirty years of experience working only with children and adolescents in individual therapy. Thus I bring to my work a lifetime of professional experience understanding the developmental and attachment needs of children, a background of work in childhood trauma, anxiety symptoms and the special considerations required in helping children and parents navigate divorce.
(415) 980-3213 View (415) 980-3213
Photo of Erene Soliman, Psychologist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Erene Soliman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
Dr. Erene Soliman is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2007. Dr. Soliman believes in the process of change and will help her clients to move in a positive direction. Dr. Soliman believes that change is a process, and it depends on an individual's needs and where an individual is with relation to the stages of change. Outside of work, Dr. Soliman enjoys exercise and socializing with family and friends.
Dr. Erene Soliman is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2007. Dr. Soliman believes in the process of change and will help her clients to move in a positive direction. Dr. Soliman believes that change is a process, and it depends on an individual's needs and where an individual is with relation to the stages of change. Outside of work, Dr. Soliman enjoys exercise and socializing with family and friends.
(628) 313-4281 View (628) 313-4281
Photo of Peter Chan, Psychologist in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Peter Chan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94109
I understand how important it is for my clients to feel supported and be able to address their immediate concerns as quickly and as effectively as possible. I view therapy as a collaborative process where I work with my clients to acquire the appropriate coping skills for their present difficulties while gaining the understanding and insight needed to handle future challenges. By working together, I will help you to build on your strengths and expand your skills to not only cope with the obstacles in life, but to optimize your well-being and to reach for your full potential.
I understand how important it is for my clients to feel supported and be able to address their immediate concerns as quickly and as effectively as possible. I view therapy as a collaborative process where I work with my clients to acquire the appropriate coping skills for their present difficulties while gaining the understanding and insight needed to handle future challenges. By working together, I will help you to build on your strengths and expand your skills to not only cope with the obstacles in life, but to optimize your well-being and to reach for your full potential.
(415) 528-7907 View (415) 528-7907
Photo of Jamie Garnica, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Downtown, San Francisco, CA
Jamie Garnica
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
Verified Verified
Downtown, San Francisco, CA 94102
Utilizing techniques like motivational interviewing, solution-focused therapy, and psychodynamic approaches, my mission is to guide you in unraveling layers, offering clarity, and helping you develop practical strategies to thrive. My goal is for you to emerge from each session feeling truly heard, understood, and armed with tools to navigate challenges with
Utilizing techniques like motivational interviewing, solution-focused therapy, and psychodynamic approaches, my mission is to guide you in unraveling layers, offering clarity, and helping you develop practical strategies to thrive. My goal is for you to emerge from each session feeling truly heard, understood, and armed with tools to navigate challenges with
(626) 313-4791 View (626) 313-4791

See more therapy options for Downtown, San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Downtown, San Francisco, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Downtown, San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
87% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
55% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Downtown, San Francisco, CA see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Downtown, San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.