Therapists in Poway, CA

Photo of Victoria Velasquez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Victoria Velasquez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064  (Online Only)
Victoria is a member of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. Victoria has experience working with groups, individuals, couples, and families across different populations and mental health challenges. Victoria aims to create a safe and non-judgmental environment. Including, individualizing therapy according to the needs of the couple, individual and/or family.
Victoria is a member of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. Victoria has experience working with groups, individuals, couples, and families across different populations and mental health challenges. Victoria aims to create a safe and non-judgmental environment. Including, individualizing therapy according to the needs of the couple, individual and/or family.
(858) 544-3015 View (858) 544-3015
Photo of Philip Nekai, Licensed Professional Counselor in Poway, CA
Philip Nekai
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Hello, I am Philip Nekai, a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who holds a Master of Science in Multi-Cultural Counseling. My goal is to offer compassionate and evidence-based therapy to my clients, and I achieve this by building a trusting therapeutic relationship with them. I use a variety of techniques, including motivational interviewing and trauma-informed counseling, to help individuals facing different social-emotional challenges such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, substance use, and post-traumatic stress disorder. My primary focus is to support my clients in their journey toward personal growth and healing.
Hello, I am Philip Nekai, a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who holds a Master of Science in Multi-Cultural Counseling. My goal is to offer compassionate and evidence-based therapy to my clients, and I achieve this by building a trusting therapeutic relationship with them. I use a variety of techniques, including motivational interviewing and trauma-informed counseling, to help individuals facing different social-emotional challenges such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, substance use, and post-traumatic stress disorder. My primary focus is to support my clients in their journey toward personal growth and healing.
(858) 422-4123 View (858) 422-4123
Photo of Ryan Thomas Neace, Counselor in Poway, CA
Ryan Thomas Neace
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LPC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064  (Online Only)
Understanding ourselves and our lives can be difficult. On the one hand, we may be prone to a sea of critical internal or external voices which make self-examination torturous. On the other, well-meaning people in our lives may be so eager to validate us that we are never quite able to face ourselves honestly. So, counseling is essentially about receiving the support to work creatively with all of this noise long enough to allow change to happen in and through you. The only way to do this to let someone get to know the real you. If we can do that, therapy can be a deeply authentic, radically human, even life-changing encounter!
Understanding ourselves and our lives can be difficult. On the one hand, we may be prone to a sea of critical internal or external voices which make self-examination torturous. On the other, well-meaning people in our lives may be so eager to validate us that we are never quite able to face ourselves honestly. So, counseling is essentially about receiving the support to work creatively with all of this noise long enough to allow change to happen in and through you. The only way to do this to let someone get to know the real you. If we can do that, therapy can be a deeply authentic, radically human, even life-changing encounter!
(760) 824-3092 View (760) 824-3092
Photo of Caron Collins, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Caron Collins
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Hey there! My name is Caron and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 22 years of experience. I specialize in helping individuals navigate issues including aging, coping skills, depression, family conflict, and stress. The client's I currently work with seem to like the Solution Focused, Narrative Therapy approach I use, because the therapy work is client focused and is usually brief (3-6 months sometimes). This approach works best with people who are truly motivated to explore the root causes of their discomfort, and begin working on resolving them.
Hey there! My name is Caron and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 22 years of experience. I specialize in helping individuals navigate issues including aging, coping skills, depression, family conflict, and stress. The client's I currently work with seem to like the Solution Focused, Narrative Therapy approach I use, because the therapy work is client focused and is usually brief (3-6 months sometimes). This approach works best with people who are truly motivated to explore the root causes of their discomfort, and begin working on resolving them.
(858) 901-8382 View (858) 901-8382
Photo of Bharati Patwardhan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Bharati Patwardhan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92074  (Online Only)
Are you feeling rejected, abandoned, humiliated, hurt, and lonely in relationships with your spouse, parents, siblings, children, and in social relationships? Do you think people have taken advantage of you & nobody cares about you? Left untreated, this rejection, emotional wounds, and trauma affect the rest of our life. It manifests in the form of sadness, low self-esteem, unstable relationships, occupational stress, and even health issues. Don't wait to seek help for emotional pain/ injury as you wouldn't for physical injury. Yes, it is not easy to be vulnerable but growth begins with vulnerability!
Are you feeling rejected, abandoned, humiliated, hurt, and lonely in relationships with your spouse, parents, siblings, children, and in social relationships? Do you think people have taken advantage of you & nobody cares about you? Left untreated, this rejection, emotional wounds, and trauma affect the rest of our life. It manifests in the form of sadness, low self-esteem, unstable relationships, occupational stress, and even health issues. Don't wait to seek help for emotional pain/ injury as you wouldn't for physical injury. Yes, it is not easy to be vulnerable but growth begins with vulnerability!
(858) 295-3680 View (858) 295-3680
Photo of Sam Moehlenpah, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Sam Moehlenpah
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064
Some research states that the average couple will wait up to 6 years AFTER noticing something is wrong in their marriage before seeking help. So congratulations if you are seeking help before that! You've already made the first big step towards improving your marriage just by looking for a counselor. Now if you are experiencing a bit of choice paralysis that's normal. Its a big choice! My first goal in establishing a good counseling relationship is making sure it's a good fit for both of us. So know that if you call you're not stuck!
Some research states that the average couple will wait up to 6 years AFTER noticing something is wrong in their marriage before seeking help. So congratulations if you are seeking help before that! You've already made the first big step towards improving your marriage just by looking for a counselor. Now if you are experiencing a bit of choice paralysis that's normal. Its a big choice! My first goal in establishing a good counseling relationship is making sure it's a good fit for both of us. So know that if you call you're not stuck!
(619) 377-4815 x701 View (619) 377-4815 x701
Photo of Mauricio Perdomo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Mauricio Perdomo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064  (Online Only)
My passion is to help families, marriages and individuals know personal and relational healing. I believe that we all have unique life experiences that shape who we are and how we connect with others. Sometimes these experiences do not foster compassion or the ability to connect with those you love in the way in which you desire. I understand this; it is part of my story, too! I hope to join you in the process of healing to not go it alone.
My passion is to help families, marriages and individuals know personal and relational healing. I believe that we all have unique life experiences that shape who we are and how we connect with others. Sometimes these experiences do not foster compassion or the ability to connect with those you love in the way in which you desire. I understand this; it is part of my story, too! I hope to join you in the process of healing to not go it alone.
(858) 213-0328 x4 View (858) 213-0328 x4
Photo of Kerri Moehlenpah, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Kerri Moehlenpah
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064
If you are here, I'm going to make a few assumptions: 1. You are looking for answers...and want someone who knows how to help. 2. You are willing to "do whatever it takes" to save your relationship. 3. You're thinking: Something is missing... I'm worried that I have "fallen" out of love. The kids are a reason to stay married but I need more than that... I'm beginning to think we are behaving more like roommates than lovers. I don't know if I will ever be able to trust them again...
If you are here, I'm going to make a few assumptions: 1. You are looking for answers...and want someone who knows how to help. 2. You are willing to "do whatever it takes" to save your relationship. 3. You're thinking: Something is missing... I'm worried that I have "fallen" out of love. The kids are a reason to stay married but I need more than that... I'm beginning to think we are behaving more like roommates than lovers. I don't know if I will ever be able to trust them again...
(619) 577-4933 x700 View (619) 577-4933 x700
Barbara Fouts
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064
As a Marriage/Family therapist and Educational Psychologist I assist individuals, families, couples and children overcome difficulties and begin the process of change in a safe, supportive environment. I specialize in Behavioral Issues, PTSD, relationships, parenting, effective communication, grief and loss, ADHD and Life Transitions. I help the whole person within their family, social environment and community. As a therapist and person I am committed to helping my clients create their journey through life in a positive, affirming manner.
As a Marriage/Family therapist and Educational Psychologist I assist individuals, families, couples and children overcome difficulties and begin the process of change in a safe, supportive environment. I specialize in Behavioral Issues, PTSD, relationships, parenting, effective communication, grief and loss, ADHD and Life Transitions. I help the whole person within their family, social environment and community. As a therapist and person I am committed to helping my clients create their journey through life in a positive, affirming manner.
(858) 381-5633 View (858) 381-5633
Photo of Jessica Spangler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Jessica Spangler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I have had the privilege of working with children, teens, adults, families, and couples. During my 14 years as a therapist, I have seen clients with various issues, including grief and loss, adoption, infertility, anxiety, depression, trauma, and ADHD.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I have had the privilege of working with children, teens, adults, families, and couples. During my 14 years as a therapist, I have seen clients with various issues, including grief and loss, adoption, infertility, anxiety, depression, trauma, and ADHD.
(858) 780-5386 View (858) 780-5386
Photo of Trevor Paul, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Trevor Paul
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Trevor Paul is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 13 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology and Social Behavior at the University of California, Irvine, and his Master of Arts degree in Counseling at Sonoma State University. Trevor has worked in a variety of settings including schools, outpatient clinics, and community mental health agencies thereby giving him a wealth of experience in aiding clients from all walks of life achieve their goals.
Trevor Paul is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 13 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology and Social Behavior at the University of California, Irvine, and his Master of Arts degree in Counseling at Sonoma State University. Trevor has worked in a variety of settings including schools, outpatient clinics, and community mental health agencies thereby giving him a wealth of experience in aiding clients from all walks of life achieve their goals.
(858) 213-0422 View (858) 213-0422
Photo of Kathleen Stewart, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Kathleen Stewart
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064  (Online Only)
Things in life aren't going how you want? Are you stressed all the time? Maybe you feel sad, mad, or lost, and others don't understand. Sometimes life looks okay from the outside, but it doesn't feel that way. Has your relationship changed and you're not sure how to fix it? I'm here to help! Let's look at what you want, what you need, and how we can work together to help you move toward making your life satisfying. I enjoy helping people work toward making their lives more content, more fulfilling, and characterized by happier relationships. Feel free to reach out for a consultation to see if I seem like a good fit.
Things in life aren't going how you want? Are you stressed all the time? Maybe you feel sad, mad, or lost, and others don't understand. Sometimes life looks okay from the outside, but it doesn't feel that way. Has your relationship changed and you're not sure how to fix it? I'm here to help! Let's look at what you want, what you need, and how we can work together to help you move toward making your life satisfying. I enjoy helping people work toward making their lives more content, more fulfilling, and characterized by happier relationships. Feel free to reach out for a consultation to see if I seem like a good fit.
(858) 260-2759 View (858) 260-2759
Photo of Tatiana Marie Baroni, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Tatiana Marie Baroni
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Are you interested in changing the way you think and feel about yourself in order to promote self esteem, develop healthy relationships and achieve personal goals? If so, I am here to support you in making those changes in order to help you feel better about yourself and live the life you deserve. I specialize in assisting individuals with identifying patterns in their lives preventing them from resolving life’s challenges. By primarily utilizing a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach, I help clients change negative thinking and behavioral patterns to increase self-esteem, personal growth, and meaningful connections.
Are you interested in changing the way you think and feel about yourself in order to promote self esteem, develop healthy relationships and achieve personal goals? If so, I am here to support you in making those changes in order to help you feel better about yourself and live the life you deserve. I specialize in assisting individuals with identifying patterns in their lives preventing them from resolving life’s challenges. By primarily utilizing a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach, I help clients change negative thinking and behavioral patterns to increase self-esteem, personal growth, and meaningful connections.
(858) 221-9661 View (858) 221-9661
Photo of Candice Clayton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Candice Clayton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Hello! My name is Candice Clayton, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 12 years of experience in mental health. I use a strength-based and solution-focused approach to support your personal growth and mental health journey. I have a wide experience in the mental health field from children to adults to couples. I mainly treat adults and couples at this time who are going through various phases and changes in life. I treat trauma, anxiety, depression, infidelity, relationship issues, and imposter syndrome.
Hello! My name is Candice Clayton, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 12 years of experience in mental health. I use a strength-based and solution-focused approach to support your personal growth and mental health journey. I have a wide experience in the mental health field from children to adults to couples. I mainly treat adults and couples at this time who are going through various phases and changes in life. I treat trauma, anxiety, depression, infidelity, relationship issues, and imposter syndrome.
(858) 358-7607 View (858) 358-7607
Photo of Anne Watson, Psychologist in Poway, CA
Anne Watson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Christine Watson is a clinical psychologist who has been practicing psychotherapy since 1982. She graduated from The Fielding Institute with a doctorate in clinical psychology and from Texas Woman's University with a masters in marriage and family therapy. Christine's background in family systems, as well as evidence based perspectives, inform her approach to individual therapy. Her main areas of focus include adult depression and anxiety. In her spare time, Christine enjoys gardening and hiking.
Christine Watson is a clinical psychologist who has been practicing psychotherapy since 1982. She graduated from The Fielding Institute with a doctorate in clinical psychology and from Texas Woman's University with a masters in marriage and family therapy. Christine's background in family systems, as well as evidence based perspectives, inform her approach to individual therapy. Her main areas of focus include adult depression and anxiety. In her spare time, Christine enjoys gardening and hiking.
(858) 321-8470 View (858) 321-8470
Photo of Kathy-Ann Dougan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Kathy-Ann Dougan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064  (Online Only)
At a young age I was always looking & listening deeper beyond the surface. I believe in the amazing potential in people & in what is distinguishable & unique in them, & even hidden. My ability for discerning, listening & analyzing were at work at an early age, unbeknownst to me. As a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist & Life Coach my experience encompasses a holistic approach that supports health & wellness towards an improved quality of life. My therapeutic framework is collaborative creating a safe space to share, works with individuals to improve symptoms, gain insight, instill hope & find solutions.
At a young age I was always looking & listening deeper beyond the surface. I believe in the amazing potential in people & in what is distinguishable & unique in them, & even hidden. My ability for discerning, listening & analyzing were at work at an early age, unbeknownst to me. As a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist & Life Coach my experience encompasses a holistic approach that supports health & wellness towards an improved quality of life. My therapeutic framework is collaborative creating a safe space to share, works with individuals to improve symptoms, gain insight, instill hope & find solutions.
(858) 295-7174 View (858) 295-7174
Photo of Pedro Ivan Soltero, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Pedro Ivan Soltero
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Hello, my name is Pedro Soltero, and I am a bilingual (Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family therapist with over 8 years of experience. My goal is to help clients explore and understand their struggles and identify solutions to enjoy a more fulfilling life. I have worked with clients concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship challenges, phases of life, and difficulties with establishing boundaries.
Hello, my name is Pedro Soltero, and I am a bilingual (Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family therapist with over 8 years of experience. My goal is to help clients explore and understand their struggles and identify solutions to enjoy a more fulfilling life. I have worked with clients concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship challenges, phases of life, and difficulties with establishing boundaries.
(858) 251-8383 View (858) 251-8383
Photo of Jamie Shafir, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Jamie Shafir
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064  (Online Only)
I work with adolescent clients who have had a thorough medical investigation, been told there are no more tests, and find themselves with either a descriptive diagnosis or no diagnosis that can explain their level of pain or dizziness. I utilize three primary evidence-based practices: Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT), Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET), and Attachment-Based Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP). PRT focuses primarily upon psychoeducation on the neuroscience of pain and behavioral shifts, such as exposure work.
I work with adolescent clients who have had a thorough medical investigation, been told there are no more tests, and find themselves with either a descriptive diagnosis or no diagnosis that can explain their level of pain or dizziness. I utilize three primary evidence-based practices: Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT), Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET), and Attachment-Based Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP). PRT focuses primarily upon psychoeducation on the neuroscience of pain and behavioral shifts, such as exposure work.
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Photo of Marsha Orman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Marsha Orman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064  (Online Only)
My work is based on the belief that by working together, we can improve the quality of your life. Many of my clients are in stressful life situations that have caused them to turn to such destructive behaviors as misuse of alcohol and drugs, over-eating, or over-working. Many haven't learned how to communicate in a way that promotes satisfying relationships. Within a safe, non-judgmental environment where you are truly listened to, we'll work together to help you understand how some of your behaviors and thoughts may not be serving you well.
My work is based on the belief that by working together, we can improve the quality of your life. Many of my clients are in stressful life situations that have caused them to turn to such destructive behaviors as misuse of alcohol and drugs, over-eating, or over-working. Many haven't learned how to communicate in a way that promotes satisfying relationships. Within a safe, non-judgmental environment where you are truly listened to, we'll work together to help you understand how some of your behaviors and thoughts may not be serving you well.
(858) 375-4159 View (858) 375-4159
Photo of Dr. Christy Walter in Poway, CA
Dr. Christy Walter
DO, MA
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Are you struggling to get by, barely making it from one day to the next? Have you tried everything? Do you want to go from merely surviving to thriving? If so, you are in the right place. I have developed a comprehensive, high-yield, 12-week program that will help you gain the skills needed to regulate emotions, transform trauma, build meaningful relationships, and enjoy life again. You will discover your authentic self, gain clarity on your values, and start to imagine a future filled with Hope, Healing, and Happiness.
Are you struggling to get by, barely making it from one day to the next? Have you tried everything? Do you want to go from merely surviving to thriving? If so, you are in the right place. I have developed a comprehensive, high-yield, 12-week program that will help you gain the skills needed to regulate emotions, transform trauma, build meaningful relationships, and enjoy life again. You will discover your authentic self, gain clarity on your values, and start to imagine a future filled with Hope, Healing, and Happiness.
(858) 465-4641 View (858) 465-4641

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Poway, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Poway, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Poway, CA see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Poway?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.