Therapists in Bristol, TN

Photo of Jessica Gregory, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bristol, TN
Jessica Gregory
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
Jessica believes in the philosophy that every person has the ability to positively change their lives through their own untapped potential. She utilizes several techniques and skills to help her clients discover their own strengths and use them to achieve their goals. Jessica's passions include helping her clients set and accomplish their goals during therapy, by meeting her clients where they are. Jessica earned her Bachelor's Degree in Psychology and Sociology at Emory and Henry College. She continued her education at Radford University where she earned her Master's Degree in Counseling and Human Development.
Jessica believes in the philosophy that every person has the ability to positively change their lives through their own untapped potential. She utilizes several techniques and skills to help her clients discover their own strengths and use them to achieve their goals. Jessica's passions include helping her clients set and accomplish their goals during therapy, by meeting her clients where they are. Jessica earned her Bachelor's Degree in Psychology and Sociology at Emory and Henry College. She continued her education at Radford University where she earned her Master's Degree in Counseling and Human Development.
(423) 840-7191 View (423) 840-7191
Photo of Bridgette Samantha Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bristol, TN
Bridgette Samantha Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
Do you often find yourself feeling overwhelmed, depressed and anxious, dealing with emotional pain, or questioning if you are doing a good job surviving at this thing called life? Come sit with me and let us discuss the opportunities you have to feel empowered and emotionally healthy. I have the experience and knowledge to help you find ways of identifying the root of a problem, processing through experiences, and developing a new pattern of thinking. Let’s discuss what is going on in life and find ways of solving the problem in a safe, relaxing, and supportive environment.
Do you often find yourself feeling overwhelmed, depressed and anxious, dealing with emotional pain, or questioning if you are doing a good job surviving at this thing called life? Come sit with me and let us discuss the opportunities you have to feel empowered and emotionally healthy. I have the experience and knowledge to help you find ways of identifying the root of a problem, processing through experiences, and developing a new pattern of thinking. Let’s discuss what is going on in life and find ways of solving the problem in a safe, relaxing, and supportive environment.
(423) 427-4653 View (423) 427-4653
Photo of Joshua Blackburn, Counselor in Bristol, TN
Joshua Blackburn
Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, Temp
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bristol, TN 37620
You want more than just feeling better - you want to create a better life for yourself and those you love - but you're stuck. You want to get closer to who and how you want to be. You've tried everything you can think of and you still feel bad - physically, spiritually, mentally. What would you be doing if anxiety, panic, sadness, lack of motivation, anger, or confusion wasn't standing in your way? If difficult conversations happened without ending in a blow up, shut down, or disconnection - could life be better together?
You want more than just feeling better - you want to create a better life for yourself and those you love - but you're stuck. You want to get closer to who and how you want to be. You've tried everything you can think of and you still feel bad - physically, spiritually, mentally. What would you be doing if anxiety, panic, sadness, lack of motivation, anger, or confusion wasn't standing in your way? If difficult conversations happened without ending in a blow up, shut down, or disconnection - could life be better together?
(423) 210-4631 View (423) 210-4631
Photo of Adam Kuykendall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bristol, TN
Adam Kuykendall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
Adam J. Kuykendall is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2020. He has a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Antioch University and a Bachelor of Arts in Creative Writing/Literature in the English Language from Virginia Intermont College. Adam likes to explore a client's experiences through multiple creative interventions including narrative, experiential, and logo-centered techniques.
Adam J. Kuykendall is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2020. He has a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Antioch University and a Bachelor of Arts in Creative Writing/Literature in the English Language from Virginia Intermont College. Adam likes to explore a client's experiences through multiple creative interventions including narrative, experiential, and logo-centered techniques.
(423) 592-7959 View (423) 592-7959
Photo of Tatum Harvey, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Bristol, TN
Tatum Harvey
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
Hi, I’m Tatum! I'm a therapist at Sunny Path Counseling in Bristol, TN. I enjoy working with children and families to help them discover their strengths, build effective coping skills, and create healthy relationships.
Hi, I’m Tatum! I'm a therapist at Sunny Path Counseling in Bristol, TN. I enjoy working with children and families to help them discover their strengths, build effective coping skills, and create healthy relationships.
(423) 226-5344 View (423) 226-5344
Photo of Mary Allison, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bristol, TN
Mary Allison
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol, TN 37620
My approach to therapy is to respect each individual as a whole person. I believe each person knows himself or herself best. Loss of jobs, relationships, chemical addiction, life transitions, trauma, abuse and the stress of day to day living come with an array of thoughts and emotions, which at some points in our lives can become overwhelming. We start to feel like nothing can get better, and begin to self-destruct or stay stuck, out of fear of the unknown or poor habits. I use an eclectic approach, pulling together different types of therapies tailored to what would be most beneficial to the particular client.
My approach to therapy is to respect each individual as a whole person. I believe each person knows himself or herself best. Loss of jobs, relationships, chemical addiction, life transitions, trauma, abuse and the stress of day to day living come with an array of thoughts and emotions, which at some points in our lives can become overwhelming. We start to feel like nothing can get better, and begin to self-destruct or stay stuck, out of fear of the unknown or poor habits. I use an eclectic approach, pulling together different types of therapies tailored to what would be most beneficial to the particular client.
(423) 445-7468 View (423) 445-7468
Photo of Amanda Keener, Pre-Licensed Professional in Bristol, TN
Amanda Keener
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
Amanda Keener is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Training in Tennessee. She has a Master's of Education in both School Counseling and Mental Health Counseling from Lincoln Memorial University and a BS in Child & Family Studies from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. Amanda is very passionate about helping others. She enjoys being an advocate for her clients. Amanda meets her clients where they are and helps them find the skills to overcome life's obstacles. Outside of work, Amanda enjoys spending time with her family and friends, as well as trying new art projects, reading a good book, and playing with her dogs.
Amanda Keener is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Training in Tennessee. She has a Master's of Education in both School Counseling and Mental Health Counseling from Lincoln Memorial University and a BS in Child & Family Studies from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. Amanda is very passionate about helping others. She enjoys being an advocate for her clients. Amanda meets her clients where they are and helps them find the skills to overcome life's obstacles. Outside of work, Amanda enjoys spending time with her family and friends, as well as trying new art projects, reading a good book, and playing with her dogs.
(423) 528-8843 View (423) 528-8843
Photo of Candice Hutchens, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bristol, TN
Candice Hutchens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol, TN 37620
Not accepting new clients
Do you have days where you feel disconnected from yourself and your true potential? Does it feel like no matter how hard you try, you don’t feel heard or valued by those you love most? Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, and negative thoughts about yourself or others? Spend a lot of time in your head wondering when or how things will get better? If you answered yes to any of these questions, my services may be a good fit for you. Please note I am in network with 3 insurance companies (below) and all other companies I am an out of network provider. For OON benefits I provide a monthly superbill at no additional cost .
Do you have days where you feel disconnected from yourself and your true potential? Does it feel like no matter how hard you try, you don’t feel heard or valued by those you love most? Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, and negative thoughts about yourself or others? Spend a lot of time in your head wondering when or how things will get better? If you answered yes to any of these questions, my services may be a good fit for you. Please note I am in network with 3 insurance companies (below) and all other companies I am an out of network provider. For OON benefits I provide a monthly superbill at no additional cost .
(423) 797-6638 View (423) 797-6638
Photo of Cathy Blake, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bristol, TN
Cathy Blake
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol, TN 37620
Accepting New In-Person and Virtual Clients: Are you struggling with being your own personal bully, putting yourself down with constant criticism? Do you wish you could find peace and treat yourself with the kindness that you so easily bestow upon others? Do you struggle with emotions that feel overwhelming or out of control? Or maybe you have been avoiding your emotions all together. Do you attempt to control your body and/or food, socially isolate, self-harm or experience emotional outburst? You have been trying to break free from these patterns but feel stuck or even controlled.
Accepting New In-Person and Virtual Clients: Are you struggling with being your own personal bully, putting yourself down with constant criticism? Do you wish you could find peace and treat yourself with the kindness that you so easily bestow upon others? Do you struggle with emotions that feel overwhelming or out of control? Or maybe you have been avoiding your emotions all together. Do you attempt to control your body and/or food, socially isolate, self-harm or experience emotional outburst? You have been trying to break free from these patterns but feel stuck or even controlled.
(423) 343-5574 View (423) 343-5574
Photo of Sydney Peltier, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bristol, TN
Sydney Peltier
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
Sydney Peltier is a licensed professional counselor who has spent her career passionately serving the mental health needs of her community through counseling, training and teaching, and advocating for quality care. With a variety of skills and expertise Sydney enjoys working with individuals, couples, and families to feel better, experience more joy in life, and have meaningful relationships that work. She believes wholeheartedly that health and healing are possible, especially when people recognize their own value, purpose, and strengths in partnership with professional and experienced clinical care.
Sydney Peltier is a licensed professional counselor who has spent her career passionately serving the mental health needs of her community through counseling, training and teaching, and advocating for quality care. With a variety of skills and expertise Sydney enjoys working with individuals, couples, and families to feel better, experience more joy in life, and have meaningful relationships that work. She believes wholeheartedly that health and healing are possible, especially when people recognize their own value, purpose, and strengths in partnership with professional and experienced clinical care.
(423) 919-9258 View (423) 919-9258
Photo of Emma Brewster in Bristol, TN
Emma Brewster
MA
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
Through counseling, I want to help individuals become happier and healthier. Counseling is a place for individuals to heal and grow in their emotions. Creating a non-judgmental environment and a calm space is essential for therapeutic growth. Therapy can be hard work, but I am there to walk with you through this journey!
Through counseling, I want to help individuals become happier and healthier. Counseling is a place for individuals to heal and grow in their emotions. Creating a non-judgmental environment and a calm space is essential for therapeutic growth. Therapy can be hard work, but I am there to walk with you through this journey!
(423) 592-5578 View (423) 592-5578
Photo of Sunny Path Counseling, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bristol, TN
Sunny Path Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
Sunny Path Counseling, PLLC is a child and adolescent counseling center located in Johnson City, TN. Sunny Path Counseling consists of licensed professional counselors and intern (supervised, pre-licensed) counselors. *We are coming soon to Bristol, TN. If you are interested in being added to our waiting list for services in Bristol, give us a call and let us know!
Sunny Path Counseling, PLLC is a child and adolescent counseling center located in Johnson City, TN. Sunny Path Counseling consists of licensed professional counselors and intern (supervised, pre-licensed) counselors. *We are coming soon to Bristol, TN. If you are interested in being added to our waiting list for services in Bristol, give us a call and let us know!
(423) 205-6346 View (423) 205-6346
Photo of Thaddeus Noto, Counselor in Bristol, TN
Thaddeus Noto
Counselor, MDiv, LPC, MAC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bristol, TN 37620
Appalachian Christian Counseling is a non-denominational Christian outreach to individuals and families in crisis founded by Thaddeus and Joyce Noto in the Tri-Cities, Tennessee. We seek to strengthen the hurting through a Christian Counseling ministry to people of all kinds in Kingsport, Johnson City, & Gray, TN. Our focus is in the area of counseling and encouraging anyone in crisis--whether from family strife, medical problems, financially tough times, depression, divorce, or spiritual uncertainty.
Appalachian Christian Counseling is a non-denominational Christian outreach to individuals and families in crisis founded by Thaddeus and Joyce Noto in the Tri-Cities, Tennessee. We seek to strengthen the hurting through a Christian Counseling ministry to people of all kinds in Kingsport, Johnson City, & Gray, TN. Our focus is in the area of counseling and encouraging anyone in crisis--whether from family strife, medical problems, financially tough times, depression, divorce, or spiritual uncertainty.
(423) 381-8856 View (423) 381-8856
Photo of Emmanuel S John, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bristol, TN
Emmanuel S John
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
My name is Emmanuel S. John. I am a Psychotherapist/counselor and author in the Tri-Cities area of TN. I've been working with individuals, couples and families for more than 30 years. I help people with personal emotional struggles of all kinds; Anxiety, Addiction, Depression, Grief, Trauma and PTSD just to name a few. I have a proven track record and you will see results after every session. I can help but not until you call. I am taking new clients. Cash services, insurance is not necessary. Invest the effort, you're worth it! (Ever consider online therapy? Let's talk.)
My name is Emmanuel S. John. I am a Psychotherapist/counselor and author in the Tri-Cities area of TN. I've been working with individuals, couples and families for more than 30 years. I help people with personal emotional struggles of all kinds; Anxiety, Addiction, Depression, Grief, Trauma and PTSD just to name a few. I have a proven track record and you will see results after every session. I can help but not until you call. I am taking new clients. Cash services, insurance is not necessary. Invest the effort, you're worth it! (Ever consider online therapy? Let's talk.)
(423) 302-0338 View (423) 302-0338
Photo of Stan Leonard, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Bristol, TN
Stan Leonard
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADAC, NCAC, II, CSAC
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
I have 35 years experience in counseling adults, youth and children, single or married on a variety of issues. Sixteen years ago I started Mustard Seed Ministries to provide clinically sound and spiritually based therapeutic counseling for all in need, particularly those marginalized by poverty. My office provides a safe, comfortable and confidential place for people to understand the thinking and unrealistic expectations which may have led them into their painful situation. Ultimately, it is a place to find solutions, hope and healing.
I have 35 years experience in counseling adults, youth and children, single or married on a variety of issues. Sixteen years ago I started Mustard Seed Ministries to provide clinically sound and spiritually based therapeutic counseling for all in need, particularly those marginalized by poverty. My office provides a safe, comfortable and confidential place for people to understand the thinking and unrealistic expectations which may have led them into their painful situation. Ultimately, it is a place to find solutions, hope and healing.
(423) 375-2483 View (423) 375-2483
Photo of L. Gordon Brewer, Jr., MEd.,LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bristol, TN
L. Gordon Brewer, Jr., MEd.,LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Bristol, TN 37620
Not accepting new clients
Coming to therapy always takes a lot of courage! Talking with someone about the things affecting us in our lives can be difficult. But, when the right steps are taken and we can see other ways to approach our problems, life can change. My goal as a therapist is to help people discover new ways to approach the difficult times in life and find alternative solutions. Ultimately, most people are seeking ways to have better relationships and feel a sense of contentment in life. Through individual, couples or family therapy I help people find these new ways of living.
Coming to therapy always takes a lot of courage! Talking with someone about the things affecting us in our lives can be difficult. But, when the right steps are taken and we can see other ways to approach our problems, life can change. My goal as a therapist is to help people discover new ways to approach the difficult times in life and find alternative solutions. Ultimately, most people are seeking ways to have better relationships and feel a sense of contentment in life. Through individual, couples or family therapy I help people find these new ways of living.
(423) 393-2661 View (423) 393-2661
Photo of Linda Steele, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bristol, TN
Linda Steele
Marriage & Family Therapist, MLS, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself wondering why you're where you are in life...what brought you to this point? What is the meaning of this crisis in my life? Is there a purpose for my life? My approach to therapy is founded in Carl Jung's Depth Psychology and is useful for all life's problems that come our way - depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, grief, relationships, career and aging as well as for reflection and personal growth. Together we can find the answers to these questions. My approach is holistic, warm, client centered and non judgmental.
Do you find yourself wondering why you're where you are in life...what brought you to this point? What is the meaning of this crisis in my life? Is there a purpose for my life? My approach to therapy is founded in Carl Jung's Depth Psychology and is useful for all life's problems that come our way - depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, grief, relationships, career and aging as well as for reflection and personal growth. Together we can find the answers to these questions. My approach is holistic, warm, client centered and non judgmental.
(423) 438-1749 View (423) 438-1749
Photo of Amber Anzalone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bristol, TN
Amber Anzalone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol, TN 37620
Hi! Do you find yourself feeling like you aren't good enough, don't deserve what you want or need, lost your sense of safety or control? I'd love to explore this with you!
Hi! Do you find yourself feeling like you aren't good enough, don't deserve what you want or need, lost your sense of safety or control? I'd love to explore this with you!
(423) 799-1335 View (423) 799-1335
Photo of Life Connections Counseling Services in Bristol, TN
Life Connections Counseling Services
LPC, LBA, BCBA
Verified Verified
Bristol, TN 37620
At Life Connections Counseling, our unique perspectives of multiple therapeutic techniques create an inviting environment to address some of the most delicate topics. We are a multi-specialty group of providers that specialize in all walks of life. From small children (2 years and older), adolescents, families, marriage, and the senior population. Each Counselor has extensive experience working with the challenges that each stage of life presents. Please take a look at “Services” for contact information regarding our Team and to learn more about their areas of expertise. We also offer Multiple Support Groups.
At Life Connections Counseling, our unique perspectives of multiple therapeutic techniques create an inviting environment to address some of the most delicate topics. We are a multi-specialty group of providers that specialize in all walks of life. From small children (2 years and older), adolescents, families, marriage, and the senior population. Each Counselor has extensive experience working with the challenges that each stage of life presents. Please take a look at “Services” for contact information regarding our Team and to learn more about their areas of expertise. We also offer Multiple Support Groups.
(423) 454-2669 View (423) 454-2669
Photo of Sara Carico-Arnold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bristol, TN
Sara Carico-Arnold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol, TN 37620
Waitlist for new clients
There is a reason we do the things that we do and feel the way that we feel. All mental health issues are caused by us surviving and navigating this world to the best of our abilities given all the obstacles that can get in the way. Therapy is a science and an art. In better understanding the science and the question of “why” we do the things that we do can be a powerful tool in starting your healing journey. Once having this level of insight, therapy aims to not only heal you in the present but heal the deeper underlying issues that have caused things to get to this point.
There is a reason we do the things that we do and feel the way that we feel. All mental health issues are caused by us surviving and navigating this world to the best of our abilities given all the obstacles that can get in the way. Therapy is a science and an art. In better understanding the science and the question of “why” we do the things that we do can be a powerful tool in starting your healing journey. Once having this level of insight, therapy aims to not only heal you in the present but heal the deeper underlying issues that have caused things to get to this point.
(423) 482-8324 View (423) 482-8324

See more therapy options for Bristol

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bristol, TN

30+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Bristol, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
79% Trauma and PTSD
76% Relationship Issues
68% Coping Skills
66% Self Esteem
55% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Cigna and Evernorth
81% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% Aetna

How Therapists in Bristol, TN see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bristol?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.