Therapists in Louisville, KY

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Photo of Heartland Healing Therapy & Consultation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Heartland Healing Therapy & Consultation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-S, LMHC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40206  (Online Only)
Welcome, and thank you for visiting us! Heartland Healing is a group practice centering LGBTQ+ and other marginalized communities, working with motivated individuals to build insight, confront obstacles to well-being, and heal trauma to move toward self-actualization & joy. Our team of LBGTQ+ and allied therapists represent many identities & theoretical perspectives, and work from queer feminist and liberatory frameworks.
Welcome, and thank you for visiting us! Heartland Healing is a group practice centering LGBTQ+ and other marginalized communities, working with motivated individuals to build insight, confront obstacles to well-being, and heal trauma to move toward self-actualization & joy. Our team of LBGTQ+ and allied therapists represent many identities & theoretical perspectives, and work from queer feminist and liberatory frameworks.
(502) 251-9419 View (502) 251-9419
Photo of Suzette Turner-Clark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Suzette Turner-Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, RPT/S, RYT-200
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40223  (Online Only)
People consult with a therapist for a positive connection and to problem solve troubles. Therapy is a very special journey, and I will help you to be successful with that process. I am a goal-oriented, accepting therapist working from a strength-based perspective focusing on what clients wish to accomplish at their own pace. Many individuals are looking for effective coping/communication skills, as well as understanding of feelings associated with specific life changes. Clients find it beneficial to receive direction identifying their unhelpful beliefs and replace them with healthier ways of thinking to improve their life quality.
People consult with a therapist for a positive connection and to problem solve troubles. Therapy is a very special journey, and I will help you to be successful with that process. I am a goal-oriented, accepting therapist working from a strength-based perspective focusing on what clients wish to accomplish at their own pace. Many individuals are looking for effective coping/communication skills, as well as understanding of feelings associated with specific life changes. Clients find it beneficial to receive direction identifying their unhelpful beliefs and replace them with healthier ways of thinking to improve their life quality.
(502) 354-8911 View (502) 354-8911
Photo of Henry Lucas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Henry Lucas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Looking for more clarity in your life? Feel like you're missing something or being left behind? Tired of feeling stuck? Do you have painful unspoken memories or experiences? My hope is to help you identify your problems and assist in creating solutions. I believe in establishing a trusting relationship that creates opportunity for potential, growth and clarity around a variety of issues.
Looking for more clarity in your life? Feel like you're missing something or being left behind? Tired of feeling stuck? Do you have painful unspoken memories or experiences? My hope is to help you identify your problems and assist in creating solutions. I believe in establishing a trusting relationship that creates opportunity for potential, growth and clarity around a variety of issues.
(502) 443-1623 View (502) 443-1623
Photo of K. Vanessa Blades, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
K. Vanessa Blades
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor , MAC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40204
Waitlist for new clients
Making the decision to begin or continue counseling can feel like a vulnerable and challenging process for a person and entire family. Vanessa is committed to creating a safe space (as an ally and advocate with you) as we explore your strengths and work towards a more helpful, balanced, and rewarding present and future. Vanessa uses her professional and personal experience and knowledge to assist individuals and families in moving towards their goals.
Making the decision to begin or continue counseling can feel like a vulnerable and challenging process for a person and entire family. Vanessa is committed to creating a safe space (as an ally and advocate with you) as we explore your strengths and work towards a more helpful, balanced, and rewarding present and future. Vanessa uses her professional and personal experience and knowledge to assist individuals and families in moving towards their goals.
(502) 804-2469 View (502) 804-2469
Photo of Total Restoration Group, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Total Restoration Group, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, L, M, F, T
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40218
Client center and treatment focused! Always working in the client's best interest.
Client center and treatment focused! Always working in the client's best interest.
(502) 443-9215 View (502) 443-9215
Photo of Wilson Psychological Services, Psychologist in Louisville, KY
Wilson Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40223
I usually work for the courts and private lawyers, as forensic psychological evaluations are my speciality. These evaluations have become sought after for the criminal justice system by answering important forensic questions. For example, assessing someone’s competence to stand trial can help courts make appropriate decisions on issues such as sentencing, granting privileges, and community reintegration. By having the court tailor their decisions based on an accurate psychological evaluation, the community is safer while the defendant's rights are also protected.
I usually work for the courts and private lawyers, as forensic psychological evaluations are my speciality. These evaluations have become sought after for the criminal justice system by answering important forensic questions. For example, assessing someone’s competence to stand trial can help courts make appropriate decisions on issues such as sentencing, granting privileges, and community reintegration. By having the court tailor their decisions based on an accurate psychological evaluation, the community is safer while the defendant's rights are also protected.
(502) 273-0986 View (502) 273-0986
Photo of Amanda Brown, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Amanda Brown
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40245  (Online Only)
With all the ebbs and flows that life takes us through daily, having someone to talk to when life gets overwhelming can bring you inner peace and comfort. As a therapist, I offer an empathetic and safe space where people can express openly with no judgment. I meet my clients where they are in their healing process and help them navigate smoothly through their therapeutic journey. Perhaps you may need to process a traumatic experience that you have faced in the past or present or maybe you need someone to help you navigate your anxiety and depression.
With all the ebbs and flows that life takes us through daily, having someone to talk to when life gets overwhelming can bring you inner peace and comfort. As a therapist, I offer an empathetic and safe space where people can express openly with no judgment. I meet my clients where they are in their healing process and help them navigate smoothly through their therapeutic journey. Perhaps you may need to process a traumatic experience that you have faced in the past or present or maybe you need someone to help you navigate your anxiety and depression.
(502) 427-6459 View (502) 427-6459
Photo of JoAnn Rowan, Counselor in Louisville, KY
JoAnn Rowan
Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40218
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with experience working with individuals, couples, adolescents and adults dealing with presenting issues: anxiety, depression, mental health issues, domestic violence and substance abuse and those caught in a cycle of unhealthy relationships.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with experience working with individuals, couples, adolescents and adults dealing with presenting issues: anxiety, depression, mental health issues, domestic violence and substance abuse and those caught in a cycle of unhealthy relationships.
(502) 337-3226 View (502) 337-3226
Photo of Rick Hudson, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Rick Hudson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40205
Waitlist for new clients
My work with clients has included addressing depression, anxiety, self-esteem and identity concerns as well as the social/emotional challenges that accompany ADHD, Autism and other disabilities. As a self avowed ‘nerd therapist’ with ADHD myself, I am passionate about working with fellow nerds, outcasts, artists or creatives who may feel out of sync with a mainstream approach. I am particularly adept at assisting clients in identifying their strengths and talents and applying them toward career, educational and other life goals. I am sex positive and endeavor to be an ally to LGBTQ+, poly and kink communities.
My work with clients has included addressing depression, anxiety, self-esteem and identity concerns as well as the social/emotional challenges that accompany ADHD, Autism and other disabilities. As a self avowed ‘nerd therapist’ with ADHD myself, I am passionate about working with fellow nerds, outcasts, artists or creatives who may feel out of sync with a mainstream approach. I am particularly adept at assisting clients in identifying their strengths and talents and applying them toward career, educational and other life goals. I am sex positive and endeavor to be an ally to LGBTQ+, poly and kink communities.
(502) 771-2608 View (502) 771-2608
Photo of Barbara Hedspeth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Barbara Hedspeth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40206
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders and mild to moderate OCD, as well as trauma and depression. My experience tells me that these conditions are highly treatable with the right approach. My primary method is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is a proven evidence based treatment for these problems. I am also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and Cognitive Processing Therapy for the treatment of trauma. My style is direct, supportive and goal oriented with emphasis on what the client wants to work on. I use humor as well!
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders and mild to moderate OCD, as well as trauma and depression. My experience tells me that these conditions are highly treatable with the right approach. My primary method is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is a proven evidence based treatment for these problems. I am also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and Cognitive Processing Therapy for the treatment of trauma. My style is direct, supportive and goal oriented with emphasis on what the client wants to work on. I use humor as well!
(502) 385-2488 View (502) 385-2488
Katie - legal Name Valerie Catherine McCarthy
Art Therapist, MA, LPAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40208
She believes in relationship-driven therapy where the client is in the driver’s seat and she is the navigator, offering directions for pathways to healing, recovery and freedom. She is a passionate advocate and ally to those who have been abused, underserved, or marginalized and cares deeply about individuals and groups working to find their voices and gain strength through therapy and other avenues of recovery. Katie is always looking to find common understanding with her client, and will strive to provide a holistic and respectful partnership with YOU! She believes everyone deserves the best life has to offer!
She believes in relationship-driven therapy where the client is in the driver’s seat and she is the navigator, offering directions for pathways to healing, recovery and freedom. She is a passionate advocate and ally to those who have been abused, underserved, or marginalized and cares deeply about individuals and groups working to find their voices and gain strength through therapy and other avenues of recovery. Katie is always looking to find common understanding with her client, and will strive to provide a holistic and respectful partnership with YOU! She believes everyone deserves the best life has to offer!
(502) 317-2992 View (502) 317-2992
Photo of Focused Solutions, LLC, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Focused Solutions, LLC
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40218
Making the decision to seek therapy can be overwhelming. We understand that, and we are here to help guide you through the process and clear a path to emotional well-being. By working together, we can develop a strategy that promotes a healthier life for you and the ones closest to you. Our compassionate approach provides a safe and caring environment for you to seek the support that you deserve.
Making the decision to seek therapy can be overwhelming. We understand that, and we are here to help guide you through the process and clear a path to emotional well-being. By working together, we can develop a strategy that promotes a healthier life for you and the ones closest to you. Our compassionate approach provides a safe and caring environment for you to seek the support that you deserve.
(502) 906-6966 View (502) 906-6966
Photo of Deborah Richard, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Deborah Richard
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40299
Finding the right therapist is extremely important. The strength of client-therapist bond privides the positive and accepting atmosphere in which issues of mind/spirit/body may be addressed. By exploring and addressing the roots of current problems, resolution and healing can be manifested in the client's life. My focus for each client is to maximize their potential. I take a conversational-collaborative and eclectic approach as I work with clients with various issues. My clients set goals and leave therapy with the skills they need. Sessions usually occur weekly in an effort to maintain a constructive intensity toward self-awareness and restoration.
Finding the right therapist is extremely important. The strength of client-therapist bond privides the positive and accepting atmosphere in which issues of mind/spirit/body may be addressed. By exploring and addressing the roots of current problems, resolution and healing can be manifested in the client's life. My focus for each client is to maximize their potential. I take a conversational-collaborative and eclectic approach as I work with clients with various issues. My clients set goals and leave therapy with the skills they need. Sessions usually occur weekly in an effort to maintain a constructive intensity toward self-awareness and restoration.
(502) 871-4121 View (502) 871-4121
Photo of Tiffany Pierson, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Tiffany Pierson
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40291
As someone that, at different times in my life, has sought out therapy I can appreciate how difficult taking that first step to reach out can be. During these unprecedented times, many people are enduring feelings of depression, grief, and anxiety. My goal is to help you address these feelings and to develop appropriate coping skills to handle these times. I believe in a client/therapist relationship that helps you to be your best "you" by nurturing the tools and skills that already exist and helping you build a bigger "tool box" to work with.
As someone that, at different times in my life, has sought out therapy I can appreciate how difficult taking that first step to reach out can be. During these unprecedented times, many people are enduring feelings of depression, grief, and anxiety. My goal is to help you address these feelings and to develop appropriate coping skills to handle these times. I believe in a client/therapist relationship that helps you to be your best "you" by nurturing the tools and skills that already exist and helping you build a bigger "tool box" to work with.
(502) 237-9559 View (502) 237-9559
Photo of Christian J. Hartman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Louisville, KY
Christian J. Hartman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MAMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40214
Christian Hartman is a Marriage and Family Therapist Associate in the Greater Louisville area and graduate of Louisville Presbyterian Seminary. Whether you are dealing with a difficult relationship, family conflict, or journeying on a path of self-discovery, it is Christian’s hope that you will create meaning and understanding through therapeutic sessions. Christian’s passion for working with trauma, family dynamics, and communication patterns allows him to join with clients in a meaningful way. Christian has worked with couples (traditional and non-traditional) individuals, and families.
Christian Hartman is a Marriage and Family Therapist Associate in the Greater Louisville area and graduate of Louisville Presbyterian Seminary. Whether you are dealing with a difficult relationship, family conflict, or journeying on a path of self-discovery, it is Christian’s hope that you will create meaning and understanding through therapeutic sessions. Christian’s passion for working with trauma, family dynamics, and communication patterns allows him to join with clients in a meaningful way. Christian has worked with couples (traditional and non-traditional) individuals, and families.
(502) 390-2156 View (502) 390-2156
Photo of Christina Ligibel, Art Therapist in Louisville, KY
Christina Ligibel
Art Therapist, MEd, LPATA
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40217
Not accepting new clients
I believe one of the bravest things a person can do is take the first step to find healing. Therapy can be intimidating to a lot of people, but I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental environment where you can be your authentic self. Not only do I want you to find healing, but I want you to enjoy the process as much as possible and experience yourself on a deeper level. You are strong and worthy of living a life you love. Different traumas and emotions can make this difficult. I want you to learn how to manage your emotions, build confidence, and feel capable of handling whatever life throws at you.
I believe one of the bravest things a person can do is take the first step to find healing. Therapy can be intimidating to a lot of people, but I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental environment where you can be your authentic self. Not only do I want you to find healing, but I want you to enjoy the process as much as possible and experience yourself on a deeper level. You are strong and worthy of living a life you love. Different traumas and emotions can make this difficult. I want you to learn how to manage your emotions, build confidence, and feel capable of handling whatever life throws at you.
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Photo of Akhilah V. Cherry, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Akhilah V. Cherry
Counselor, MA, LPCA, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40203
I use ACT, TF-CBT, CBT, and EXA Therapy to help clients who have difficulties with: Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, daily life struggles and several other mental health differences. Together, my clients and I work towards psychological flexibility using a framework that focuses in on their values, mindfulness techniques, as well as cognitive diffusion and other framework components. I also like to have available several expressive arts mediums and utilize elements of movement, silence, storytelling, and sound to aid in the processing of different emotions.
I use ACT, TF-CBT, CBT, and EXA Therapy to help clients who have difficulties with: Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, daily life struggles and several other mental health differences. Together, my clients and I work towards psychological flexibility using a framework that focuses in on their values, mindfulness techniques, as well as cognitive diffusion and other framework components. I also like to have available several expressive arts mediums and utilize elements of movement, silence, storytelling, and sound to aid in the processing of different emotions.
(502) 281-0890 View (502) 281-0890
Photo of Danielle Chase, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Danielle Chase
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40220
I specialize in dealing with issues regarding relationship stress, sexual challenges, sexual orientation, gender identity, communication, life transition, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, problem solving, conflict resolution, divorce, and loss. I really enjoy working with LBGTQIAP, Consensual Non-Monogamy, and Kink Relationships and Individuals. I would be honored to work in a collaborative fashion with you to foster growth and change through individual, relationship, premarital, marital, divorce, or sexual therapy.
I specialize in dealing with issues regarding relationship stress, sexual challenges, sexual orientation, gender identity, communication, life transition, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, problem solving, conflict resolution, divorce, and loss. I really enjoy working with LBGTQIAP, Consensual Non-Monogamy, and Kink Relationships and Individuals. I would be honored to work in a collaborative fashion with you to foster growth and change through individual, relationship, premarital, marital, divorce, or sexual therapy.
(502) 289-6526 View (502) 289-6526
Photo of Cheyenne Hubbard, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Louisville, KY
Cheyenne Hubbard
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCADC, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243
Waitlist for new clients
With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. My goal is to support you in gaining insight, finding solutions, and developing the tools to navigate life's challenges. I have a deep passion for helping individuals heal and grow, drawing from my experience and training in CBT, mindfulness, and EMDR. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply seeking personal growth, I'm dedicated to working with you to achieve your goals.
With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. My goal is to support you in gaining insight, finding solutions, and developing the tools to navigate life's challenges. I have a deep passion for helping individuals heal and grow, drawing from my experience and training in CBT, mindfulness, and EMDR. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply seeking personal growth, I'm dedicated to working with you to achieve your goals.
(502) 586-2589 View (502) 586-2589
Photo of Brittany Derrenbacher in Louisville, KY
Brittany Derrenbacher
Coach, MA/CMHC, MA/WGS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243
Empowerment Life Coaching is based on a holistic approach toward mental health: blending the collaborative elements of coaching with the academic support of Clinical Mental Health Counseling and Women’s & Gender Studies. This method offers a radical shift into providing wellness care focused on mind, body, and spirit. I specialize in women’s empowerment, reparenting, compassion fatigue, burnout, grief, and pet loss. I also love helping clients identify and develop boundaries and encourage their capacity to integrate into everyday life. The goal is to feel empowered, embodied, and deeply connected to your authentic Self.
Empowerment Life Coaching is based on a holistic approach toward mental health: blending the collaborative elements of coaching with the academic support of Clinical Mental Health Counseling and Women’s & Gender Studies. This method offers a radical shift into providing wellness care focused on mind, body, and spirit. I specialize in women’s empowerment, reparenting, compassion fatigue, burnout, grief, and pet loss. I also love helping clients identify and develop boundaries and encourage their capacity to integrate into everyday life. The goal is to feel empowered, embodied, and deeply connected to your authentic Self.
(502) 509-4887 View (502) 509-4887

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Louisville, KY

1,000+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Louisville, KY who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
59% Relationship Issues
58% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
71% Humana
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Louisville, KY see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Louisville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.