Therapists in Valparaiso, IN

Photo of S. Paige Maddex, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
S. Paige Maddex
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Stephanie "Paige" Maddex is a licensed clinical social worker and mother of 4 who lives Chesterton, IN. Paige began her career in the public school system as a school social worker and began her own practice in 2017. As a therapist, Paige is passionate about helping people understand themselves and identify their goals. She understands that trauma can keep people "stuck" and that working through pain can be freeing. In therapy, Paige helps clients work towards work/life balance, wellness goals and to develop healthy relationships.
Stephanie "Paige" Maddex is a licensed clinical social worker and mother of 4 who lives Chesterton, IN. Paige began her career in the public school system as a school social worker and began her own practice in 2017. As a therapist, Paige is passionate about helping people understand themselves and identify their goals. She understands that trauma can keep people "stuck" and that working through pain can be freeing. In therapy, Paige helps clients work towards work/life balance, wellness goals and to develop healthy relationships.
(219) 245-3081 View (219) 245-3081
Photo of Aspire Counseling Services in Valparaiso, IN
Aspire Counseling Services
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Aspire was started with an emphasis on creating a private practice that would feel inviting to those who visited. We created an environment where clients and visitors felt welcomed and would be a place of peace and healing. We have grown since that time and have therapists who have built their practice in a way that is comfortable to them and who feel supported by the partners of Aspire. We envisioned and created a space for clients that feels authentic and welcoming. We provide a space that is comfortably decorated and encourage a supportive environment to our clients.
Aspire was started with an emphasis on creating a private practice that would feel inviting to those who visited. We created an environment where clients and visitors felt welcomed and would be a place of peace and healing. We have grown since that time and have therapists who have built their practice in a way that is comfortable to them and who feel supported by the partners of Aspire. We envisioned and created a space for clients that feels authentic and welcoming. We provide a space that is comfortably decorated and encourage a supportive environment to our clients.
(219) 754-5282 View (219) 754-5282
Photo of Kolano Kounseling, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Kolano Kounseling, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Are you feeling depressed or anxious about challenging life stressors that you can't seem to shake on your own? Are you and your partner struggling to connect and communicate effectively? Or are you a woman stuck in a toxic relationship where you feel devalued and trapped? If you can relate to any of these issues and you are ready for an improvement, you have already taken the first step by seeking out a therapist! We can all use help from time-to-time, so let’s find a way to relieve the stress building up from those difficulties. Believe me when I say, you are not alone and there is hope that your situation will improve!
Are you feeling depressed or anxious about challenging life stressors that you can't seem to shake on your own? Are you and your partner struggling to connect and communicate effectively? Or are you a woman stuck in a toxic relationship where you feel devalued and trapped? If you can relate to any of these issues and you are ready for an improvement, you have already taken the first step by seeking out a therapist! We can all use help from time-to-time, so let’s find a way to relieve the stress building up from those difficulties. Believe me when I say, you are not alone and there is hope that your situation will improve!
(219) 245-6892 View (219) 245-6892
Photo of Jocelyn Rolling, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Jocelyn Rolling
Counselor, MA, LMHC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
I believe therapy is a powerful path to truly knowing yourself, and this is a journey that requires courage, self-compassion, and empathetic support. I commend you for taking that first step. I am committed to creating a safe and affirming space for you to reflect and explore your identity, issues, relationships, and emotions on your way to insight, healing, and personal growth. Healthy connections with ourselves and others are an essential part of emotional wellness, and I strive to foster an environment in which these relationships can grow, starting with a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
I believe therapy is a powerful path to truly knowing yourself, and this is a journey that requires courage, self-compassion, and empathetic support. I commend you for taking that first step. I am committed to creating a safe and affirming space for you to reflect and explore your identity, issues, relationships, and emotions on your way to insight, healing, and personal growth. Healthy connections with ourselves and others are an essential part of emotional wellness, and I strive to foster an environment in which these relationships can grow, starting with a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
(219) 491-2619 View (219) 491-2619
Photo of Greg Blair, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Greg Blair
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Emotions can be confusing, relationships can be messy, and past experiences can negatively impact our present lives, but with proper coping strategies, we don’t have to remain stuck in maladaptive patterns. Change can be scary and people often remain frozen due to the fear of the unknown. Change and acceptance are two concepts that are diametrically opposed but with the right mind set they can actually work hand-in-hand in order to promote growth and healing.
Emotions can be confusing, relationships can be messy, and past experiences can negatively impact our present lives, but with proper coping strategies, we don’t have to remain stuck in maladaptive patterns. Change can be scary and people often remain frozen due to the fear of the unknown. Change and acceptance are two concepts that are diametrically opposed but with the right mind set they can actually work hand-in-hand in order to promote growth and healing.
(219) 327-4614 View (219) 327-4614
Photo of Ashlie B Lucas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Ashlie B Lucas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Licensed Addiction Counselor in Valparaiso, Indiana. I have 30 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, coping with addictions, coping with grief and loss, motivation, self esteem, and confidence. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Licensed Addiction Counselor in Valparaiso, Indiana. I have 30 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, coping with addictions, coping with grief and loss, motivation, self esteem, and confidence. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
(219) 300-9293 View (219) 300-9293
Photo of Jackie Heemstra, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Jackie Heemstra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
I work with clients consisting of a wide range of ages including adults, adolescents and children. My experience includes treating clients who struggle with ADHD, anxiety, depression, ODD, OCD, trauma and many more. I provide techniques that are Evidence-Based and utilize CBT and Motivational Interviewing, to help serve clients to achieve their needs while working with their strengths. I have extensive experience; including leadership roles, providing services within the community treating individuals that have been involved with the Department of Child Services and have high complex needs.
I work with clients consisting of a wide range of ages including adults, adolescents and children. My experience includes treating clients who struggle with ADHD, anxiety, depression, ODD, OCD, trauma and many more. I provide techniques that are Evidence-Based and utilize CBT and Motivational Interviewing, to help serve clients to achieve their needs while working with their strengths. I have extensive experience; including leadership roles, providing services within the community treating individuals that have been involved with the Department of Child Services and have high complex needs.
(219) 327-6724 View (219) 327-6724
Photo of Barbara Popa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Barbara Popa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46385  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Valparaiso, Indiana. I received my undergraduate degree in Social Work from Valparaiso University. I earned my Masters Degree in Social Work from Indiana University-Purdue University (IUPUI) and have been practicing for over 8 years. Before that time, I was a self-employed business owner in the field of software sales while raising a family.
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Valparaiso, Indiana. I received my undergraduate degree in Social Work from Valparaiso University. I earned my Masters Degree in Social Work from Indiana University-Purdue University (IUPUI) and have been practicing for over 8 years. Before that time, I was a self-employed business owner in the field of software sales while raising a family.
(219) 300-6899 View (219) 300-6899
Photo of Barry Shear, Psychologist in Valparaiso, IN
Barry Shear
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46385
Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of neurodivergent, unique learners of all ages who have been struggling and suffering in interpersonal relationships, in the workplace, in schooling and at home. The greatest needs are to explore and develop alternative methods to learn more effectively, develop competence and confidence and experience greater success. Typical problems might include executive functioning, learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder which may occur by themselves or in combination.
Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of neurodivergent, unique learners of all ages who have been struggling and suffering in interpersonal relationships, in the workplace, in schooling and at home. The greatest needs are to explore and develop alternative methods to learn more effectively, develop competence and confidence and experience greater success. Typical problems might include executive functioning, learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder which may occur by themselves or in combination.
(219) 898-4652 View (219) 898-4652
Photo of Shannon Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Shannon Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Let's face it - communication is key. At work, with your kids and of course with your current or former partner. For over a decade, Shannon Johnson has helped families, couples and individuals get "unstuck." And learning to communicate effectively has been a key element. Her primary goal is to make you feel safe, comfortable and at ease in each and every session.
Let's face it - communication is key. At work, with your kids and of course with your current or former partner. For over a decade, Shannon Johnson has helped families, couples and individuals get "unstuck." And learning to communicate effectively has been a key element. Her primary goal is to make you feel safe, comfortable and at ease in each and every session.
(219) 230-3871 View (219) 230-3871
Photo of Michelle Burbank, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Michelle Burbank
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383  (Online Only)
It can be a daunting task to find a therapist, let alone a therapist you can connect with. I commend those who have taken these challenging first steps in their mental health journey and who are ready to face their challenges with a trusted professional. My style is active with gentle direction, and I encourage self-compassion to my clients to promote healing. I feel that the therapeutic relationship is the most important aspect of treatment, and I encourage openness throughout our sessions together. I work best with a client who is open to homework outside of session and who is looking to make meaning out of their experience.
It can be a daunting task to find a therapist, let alone a therapist you can connect with. I commend those who have taken these challenging first steps in their mental health journey and who are ready to face their challenges with a trusted professional. My style is active with gentle direction, and I encourage self-compassion to my clients to promote healing. I feel that the therapeutic relationship is the most important aspect of treatment, and I encourage openness throughout our sessions together. I work best with a client who is open to homework outside of session and who is looking to make meaning out of their experience.
(219) 401-5048 View (219) 401-5048
Photo of Lawrence A Viers, Psychologist in Valparaiso, IN
Lawrence A Viers
Psychologist, PhD, FAGPA, HSPP, LCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
I am known for my direct manner and skill building emphasis. I believe in human potential and orient myself toward teaching people how to manage their lives rather than assuming the role of managing their life for them. My principal professional affiliation is with the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) of which I am a Fellow. I have found that group psychotherapy provides an effective avenue for personal change and skills consolidation, especially for people who struggle with relationships. I enjoy working with adolescents, marital cases and individuals with long term mood disorders.
I am known for my direct manner and skill building emphasis. I believe in human potential and orient myself toward teaching people how to manage their lives rather than assuming the role of managing their life for them. My principal professional affiliation is with the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) of which I am a Fellow. I have found that group psychotherapy provides an effective avenue for personal change and skills consolidation, especially for people who struggle with relationships. I enjoy working with adolescents, marital cases and individuals with long term mood disorders.
(219) 961-2894 View (219) 961-2894
Photo of Lyndsey Hansen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Valparaiso, IN
Lyndsey Hansen
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
My ideal client would be someone who is going through a life change and relationship difficulties and would need guidance and support. I am most interested in working with older adults, adults, and teenagers, but am open to working with younger children as well. Clients can have a range of presenting problems such as depression, anxiety, and relationship and family conflict, among other things. The client would need to be motivated for change, emotional validation, willingness to be challenged, and wanting to gain more insight about themselves.
My ideal client would be someone who is going through a life change and relationship difficulties and would need guidance and support. I am most interested in working with older adults, adults, and teenagers, but am open to working with younger children as well. Clients can have a range of presenting problems such as depression, anxiety, and relationship and family conflict, among other things. The client would need to be motivated for change, emotional validation, willingness to be challenged, and wanting to gain more insight about themselves.
(219) 351-8212 View (219) 351-8212
Photo of Ashley C Elcock, Marriage & Family Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Ashley C Elcock
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CCTP-I
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients in both Indiana and Michigan! I am a licensed Master's level Marriage and Family Therapist holding a M.S. in Human Development and Family Studies. I have experience working with individuals, families, and couples, with extra specialization in working with couples and trauma. Whether it is relationship conflict, infidelity, anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem issues, behavioral or anger difficulties, parenting concerns, difficult life transitions, medical or other life stress- I strive to work together with my clients towards positive changes in their lives, and healing outcomes!
Accepting new clients in both Indiana and Michigan! I am a licensed Master's level Marriage and Family Therapist holding a M.S. in Human Development and Family Studies. I have experience working with individuals, families, and couples, with extra specialization in working with couples and trauma. Whether it is relationship conflict, infidelity, anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem issues, behavioral or anger difficulties, parenting concerns, difficult life transitions, medical or other life stress- I strive to work together with my clients towards positive changes in their lives, and healing outcomes!
(219) 342-2976 View (219) 342-2976
Photo of Desie Zylstra, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Desie Zylstra
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Waitlist for new clients
The world today can be challenging for children and teens; it can be easy to fall into a pattern of anxious or depressed mood, feeling like you don't fit in, and juggling ever-changing environments. When working through these challenges, it is important to find a space that is comfortable and safe for learning and growing. I believe creating a safe and comfortable environment to challenge clients through creating realistic and achievable goals is crucial to therapeutic success.
The world today can be challenging for children and teens; it can be easy to fall into a pattern of anxious or depressed mood, feeling like you don't fit in, and juggling ever-changing environments. When working through these challenges, it is important to find a space that is comfortable and safe for learning and growing. I believe creating a safe and comfortable environment to challenge clients through creating realistic and achievable goals is crucial to therapeutic success.
(219) 615-6026 View (219) 615-6026
Photo of Jennifer Hobbs, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Jennifer Hobbs
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Hello! I am currently offering office sessions, Telehealth and phone sessions to people during this time of renormalizing life. I am a licensed mental health counselor with a Masters degree in Mental Health Counseling & a Ph.D. in Transpersonal Psychology. I recently completed a program focusing on nutritional consulting with the Institute for Integrative Nutrition. I work with people of all ages and I truly enjoy the process of therapy. I have been helping people for years and I can offer you safety and insight as you explore your stressors and create meaning out of your current experience.
Hello! I am currently offering office sessions, Telehealth and phone sessions to people during this time of renormalizing life. I am a licensed mental health counselor with a Masters degree in Mental Health Counseling & a Ph.D. in Transpersonal Psychology. I recently completed a program focusing on nutritional consulting with the Institute for Integrative Nutrition. I work with people of all ages and I truly enjoy the process of therapy. I have been helping people for years and I can offer you safety and insight as you explore your stressors and create meaning out of your current experience.
(219) 940-5725 View (219) 940-5725
Photo of Sankofa Counseling, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Sankofa Counseling
Counselor, ATR-BC, LMHC, LCAC, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, Board Certified Art Therapist, and Licensed Clinical Addictions Counselor who has extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults and elders since 2001. Working at a local community mental health center for 12 years provided me with a strong foundation and opportunity to work with a variety of client populations on the campus, including outpatient therapy, addictions, & inpatient psych. I strongly believe in the mind-body-spirit connection in healing. My goal is to support & empower you to find your voice as you work on living your best life and becoming the best version of you.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, Board Certified Art Therapist, and Licensed Clinical Addictions Counselor who has extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults and elders since 2001. Working at a local community mental health center for 12 years provided me with a strong foundation and opportunity to work with a variety of client populations on the campus, including outpatient therapy, addictions, & inpatient psych. I strongly believe in the mind-body-spirit connection in healing. My goal is to support & empower you to find your voice as you work on living your best life and becoming the best version of you.
(219) 472-5110 View (219) 472-5110
Photo of Lisa Walters, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Lisa Walters
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383  (Online Only)
My goal is to create a comfortable environment where my clients feel heard and understood. I believe therapy is a place where people can let their guard down and express their authentic thoughts and feelings. By gaining self-awareness, clients can better understand their innate strengths and find ways to incorporate these positive traits into their daily living. I also believe by better understanding their values, individuals can connect with a deeper sense of meaning and purpose, which ultimately contributes to a more fulfilling life.
My goal is to create a comfortable environment where my clients feel heard and understood. I believe therapy is a place where people can let their guard down and express their authentic thoughts and feelings. By gaining self-awareness, clients can better understand their innate strengths and find ways to incorporate these positive traits into their daily living. I also believe by better understanding their values, individuals can connect with a deeper sense of meaning and purpose, which ultimately contributes to a more fulfilling life.
(219) 615-6035 View (219) 615-6035
Photo of Amanda Jennings, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Amanda Jennings
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in treating adults dealing with anxiety, trauma, life adjustment issues such as divorce and grief, substance use disorders, and depression. I am very passionate about helping people and empowering individuals and families to make positive changes in their lives. I value the importance of a safe, trusting, and strong therapeutic relationship and environment. I have experience treating a variety of mental and behavioral health issues in addition to what I specialize in.
I specialize in treating adults dealing with anxiety, trauma, life adjustment issues such as divorce and grief, substance use disorders, and depression. I am very passionate about helping people and empowering individuals and families to make positive changes in their lives. I value the importance of a safe, trusting, and strong therapeutic relationship and environment. I have experience treating a variety of mental and behavioral health issues in addition to what I specialize in.
(219) 682-0888 View (219) 682-0888
Photo of Gail Sangster, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Gail Sangster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
I believe in empowering individuals and couples to overcome personal obstacles in order to enrich their lives. Through the use of compassionate and strength building evidenced based treatment, I have witnessed the resolution of fears and trauma, improved anger management, personal relationships and life changing coping skills. It is also my belief you have resources to accomplish your goals of improving your life and I can assist you in making the positive changes you want and deserve.
I believe in empowering individuals and couples to overcome personal obstacles in order to enrich their lives. Through the use of compassionate and strength building evidenced based treatment, I have witnessed the resolution of fears and trauma, improved anger management, personal relationships and life changing coping skills. It is also my belief you have resources to accomplish your goals of improving your life and I can assist you in making the positive changes you want and deserve.
(219) 552-8152 View (219) 552-8152

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Valparaiso, IN

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Valparaiso, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
80% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Relationship Issues
72% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% Anthem | Elevance
70% Aetna

How Therapists in Valparaiso, IN see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Valparaiso?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.