Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

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Photo of Megan Wales Simpson, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Megan Wales Simpson
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I earned my Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Miami University and my Master's degree in Counseling from Indiana University. I have experience in working with adults, teens, couples, families, and groups. Overall, I enjoy engaging people in psychotherapy by creating a safe, validating, and collaborative environment. I believe in taking the time to explore emotions and thoughts, while also providing people with tools to manage stress or specific symptoms. I enjoy identifying clients' strengths to help elevate them and create confidence in their ability to better manage stress.
I earned my Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Miami University and my Master's degree in Counseling from Indiana University. I have experience in working with adults, teens, couples, families, and groups. Overall, I enjoy engaging people in psychotherapy by creating a safe, validating, and collaborative environment. I believe in taking the time to explore emotions and thoughts, while also providing people with tools to manage stress or specific symptoms. I enjoy identifying clients' strengths to help elevate them and create confidence in their ability to better manage stress.
(463) 219-1569 View (463) 219-1569
Photo of Kassie Oskins, Pre-Licensed Professional in Indianapolis, IN
Kassie Oskins
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46203
Do your memories feel like broken shards of glass that never seem to fit together? Maybe you feel like your life is moving a million miles a minute and you are stuck in one spot. You might be looking to make sense of your traumas or become a friend to yourself. If so, this may be the space you need. I see teens and adults who are looking to create balance and increase life satisfaction whether that is due to traumas or daily stressors.
Do your memories feel like broken shards of glass that never seem to fit together? Maybe you feel like your life is moving a million miles a minute and you are stuck in one spot. You might be looking to make sense of your traumas or become a friend to yourself. If so, this may be the space you need. I see teens and adults who are looking to create balance and increase life satisfaction whether that is due to traumas or daily stressors.
(463) 243-5801 View (463) 243-5801
Photo of Kevin Minnick, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Kevin Minnick
Counselor, LMHC, LCAC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46229  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and a Licensed Clinical Addiction Counselor in Indiana. I have spent most of my career as an addictions counselor and mental health counselor. I work with adults struggling with substances, relationships, self esteem and other forms of issues that cause discomfort and problems. I like to be "down to earth" and more directive in therapy because I'd like to get your problems solved as quickly as we can. I believe we, as humans, can benefit from having someone to talk to at any point in our lives and I'm ready to talk to you!
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and a Licensed Clinical Addiction Counselor in Indiana. I have spent most of my career as an addictions counselor and mental health counselor. I work with adults struggling with substances, relationships, self esteem and other forms of issues that cause discomfort and problems. I like to be "down to earth" and more directive in therapy because I'd like to get your problems solved as quickly as we can. I believe we, as humans, can benefit from having someone to talk to at any point in our lives and I'm ready to talk to you!
(317) 548-6708 View (317) 548-6708
Photo of Robin J Eutz, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Robin J Eutz
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, LCAC, LICDC-C
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46220
Has cancer invaded your life? It did mines, so lets talk about it also.....Are you struggling with Alcohol and other drugs? You want to make changes in your life but don't have the time or feel uncomfortable with traditional therapy options, or need to additional treatment individualized just for you, well don't wait or delay making changes to your life any longer. E-Therapy gives you options fit just for you.Together we can make the difference happen. Also, in-person therapy is available. Please visit my website to see if we are a good fit at: www.drrobineutz.com
Has cancer invaded your life? It did mines, so lets talk about it also.....Are you struggling with Alcohol and other drugs? You want to make changes in your life but don't have the time or feel uncomfortable with traditional therapy options, or need to additional treatment individualized just for you, well don't wait or delay making changes to your life any longer. E-Therapy gives you options fit just for you.Together we can make the difference happen. Also, in-person therapy is available. Please visit my website to see if we are a good fit at: www.drrobineutz.com
(317) 983-5918 View (317) 983-5918
Photo of Warren Palmer, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
Warren Palmer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46260  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Starting therapy can be a difficult decision so I help clients to be candid and open and to approach therapy as a cooperative effort of assessment, planning and treatment. Clients benefit from being understood for how they are at the present time and from respect for the pace at which they wish to work. A careful assessment allows the use of the right therapy approach of the many specific strategies that have been developed in recent years.
Starting therapy can be a difficult decision so I help clients to be candid and open and to approach therapy as a cooperative effort of assessment, planning and treatment. Clients benefit from being understood for how they are at the present time and from respect for the pace at which they wish to work. A careful assessment allows the use of the right therapy approach of the many specific strategies that have been developed in recent years.
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Photo of Liz Kennedy, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Liz Kennedy
Counselor, MACMHC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46220
If you feel stressed, unhappy in your relationships or job, frequently anxious, or alone, having a safe, confidential space to process and gain perspective can open up new possibilities. I offer a non-judgmental space for my clients to feel supported and understood, while gaining the insight they need to make changes and feel empowered in their lives.
If you feel stressed, unhappy in your relationships or job, frequently anxious, or alone, having a safe, confidential space to process and gain perspective can open up new possibilities. I offer a non-judgmental space for my clients to feel supported and understood, while gaining the insight they need to make changes and feel empowered in their lives.
(317) 660-8909 View (317) 660-8909
Photo of Maryann Shepard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Maryann Shepard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, CEAP, SAP, MAC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46220
Hi! Thank you for reviewing my practice information; I have worked for many years helping individuals and families. Over the years, I have often heard that my clients are tired, lost and just feel empty. And many times, there's also marital or family conflict. I, also, work with clients that feel that their work is no longer satisfying or enjoyable. Let's talk about all these issues, and find some solutions and start feeling hopeful and excited about your life again. My office hours are flexible; I try to see clients right away. I wish you the best, Maryann
Hi! Thank you for reviewing my practice information; I have worked for many years helping individuals and families. Over the years, I have often heard that my clients are tired, lost and just feel empty. And many times, there's also marital or family conflict. I, also, work with clients that feel that their work is no longer satisfying or enjoyable. Let's talk about all these issues, and find some solutions and start feeling hopeful and excited about your life again. My office hours are flexible; I try to see clients right away. I wish you the best, Maryann
(317) 751-2973 View (317) 751-2973
Photo of Mary Clare Charles, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Mary Clare Charles
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Mary Clare. Do you feel overwhelmed managing your relationships, work, friendships, and family dynamics? Do you struggle with negative self-talk and feeling like not enough?
Hi, I’m Mary Clare. Do you feel overwhelmed managing your relationships, work, friendships, and family dynamics? Do you struggle with negative self-talk and feeling like not enough?
(317) 768-0898 View (317) 768-0898
Photo of John P. Gallagher, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
John P. Gallagher
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46237
Waitlist for new clients
I work best with folks who are seeking practical effective solutions to their personal, family or relationships problems and who would like to see results as quickly as possible. They are open to learning new ways of thinking about their problems and are receptive to new approaches. You can generally count on leaving your first session confident that I understand the problems you have presented and have clear formulations and concrete solutions to offer. Half of my cases are closed in under six sessions, most with good and lasting results.
I work best with folks who are seeking practical effective solutions to their personal, family or relationships problems and who would like to see results as quickly as possible. They are open to learning new ways of thinking about their problems and are receptive to new approaches. You can generally count on leaving your first session confident that I understand the problems you have presented and have clear formulations and concrete solutions to offer. Half of my cases are closed in under six sessions, most with good and lasting results.
(317) 593-9192 View (317) 593-9192
Photo of Staci Amico, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Staci Amico
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46256
Life can be quite a journey, filled with moments that can be stressful and challenging. Navigating these challenges alone can often feel isolating and hopeless. You may find it difficult at times to manage the many roles that you play in your life along with finding time to prioritize your own well-being. Along with these life difficulties, it can be challenging to reach out for help and seek therapy. I strive to provide a warm, affirming, and supportive environment. I work collaboratively with you in fostering growth and helping you recognize your own strengths and internal resources.
Life can be quite a journey, filled with moments that can be stressful and challenging. Navigating these challenges alone can often feel isolating and hopeless. You may find it difficult at times to manage the many roles that you play in your life along with finding time to prioritize your own well-being. Along with these life difficulties, it can be challenging to reach out for help and seek therapy. I strive to provide a warm, affirming, and supportive environment. I work collaboratively with you in fostering growth and helping you recognize your own strengths and internal resources.
(463) 250-8853 View (463) 250-8853
Photo of Patricia Hardin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Patricia Hardin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46227
Patricia Hardin is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Indiana who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master's degree from Indiana Wesleyan University. Patricia has a history of experience with clients of all demographics and walks of life, from children as young as 5 to clients in their 80s. She has experience with group and individual therapy with children, teens, and adults. Patricia has four years of experience working specifically with clients with substance use concerns, and experience in conducting assessments and evaluations to help clients get to the right place to meet their needs.
Patricia Hardin is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Indiana who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master's degree from Indiana Wesleyan University. Patricia has a history of experience with clients of all demographics and walks of life, from children as young as 5 to clients in their 80s. She has experience with group and individual therapy with children, teens, and adults. Patricia has four years of experience working specifically with clients with substance use concerns, and experience in conducting assessments and evaluations to help clients get to the right place to meet their needs.
(317) 676-4046 View (317) 676-4046
Photo of James N. Linville, LMHC, LLC, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
James N. Linville, LMHC, LLC
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46226
If you have questioned why you are not experiencing life to the fullest, if you are struggling with depression, anxiety, addictions, compulsions or life controlling issues, or your relationships are not working as you had intended, I would love to help you find answers. I have worked with individuals, children, and adolescents, through out my career to help individuals and their families receive emotional healing. Historically, I have worked in inpatient, outpatient, substance abuse treatment centers, as well as individual outpatient settings. When you contact me I will work with you to develop a course of treatment that is best for you and your family.
If you have questioned why you are not experiencing life to the fullest, if you are struggling with depression, anxiety, addictions, compulsions or life controlling issues, or your relationships are not working as you had intended, I would love to help you find answers. I have worked with individuals, children, and adolescents, through out my career to help individuals and their families receive emotional healing. Historically, I have worked in inpatient, outpatient, substance abuse treatment centers, as well as individual outpatient settings. When you contact me I will work with you to develop a course of treatment that is best for you and your family.
(317) 653-4079 View (317) 653-4079
Photo of Mindy Espinoza, Pre-Licensed Professional in Indianapolis, IN
Mindy Espinoza
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46202
Welcome, I'm Mindy, a counseling intern with a unique background as a former Pastry Chef. Trained in EMDR, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and specialized in gaslighting, trauma, and anxiety. I bring a blend of creativity and evidence-based practices to my counseling approach. Passionate about the mind-body connection and the impact of emotions on physical health. Embrace a holistic approach to mental wellbeing, where we explore the intersection of psychology, mindfulness and self-discovery. Let's collaborate on your path to becoming the best version of yourself!
Welcome, I'm Mindy, a counseling intern with a unique background as a former Pastry Chef. Trained in EMDR, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and specialized in gaslighting, trauma, and anxiety. I bring a blend of creativity and evidence-based practices to my counseling approach. Passionate about the mind-body connection and the impact of emotions on physical health. Embrace a holistic approach to mental wellbeing, where we explore the intersection of psychology, mindfulness and self-discovery. Let's collaborate on your path to becoming the best version of yourself!
(317) 759-0893 View (317) 759-0893
Photo of Eddie Journey, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Eddie Journey
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46201  (Online Only)
As a mental health professional, Dr. Journey has a career working alongside predominantly people of color and people of faith who are looking for a healing space that is integrative and engaging. He has a Ph.D., in the areas of American religion, psychology, and culture which challenges him to care in a holistic manner for each person that he accompanies in the clinical space. Working with Dr. Journey means that you are invited to be your truest and most honest version of your self-in-progress!
As a mental health professional, Dr. Journey has a career working alongside predominantly people of color and people of faith who are looking for a healing space that is integrative and engaging. He has a Ph.D., in the areas of American religion, psychology, and culture which challenges him to care in a holistic manner for each person that he accompanies in the clinical space. Working with Dr. Journey means that you are invited to be your truest and most honest version of your self-in-progress!
(317) 836-2131 View (317) 836-2131
Photo of Rebecca Willis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Rebecca Willis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA, MDiv
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
Not accepting new clients
I have over 20 years experience and specialize in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and pregnancy/postpartum support and mood disorders. If you are concerned about certain life events, moods, or thoughts, counseling often helps to provide clarity, reassurance, and a way through. My goal is to work with you to find coping strategies, resolution, and increased well-being & peace of mind. I enjoy and have experience working with people from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds. I am an EMDR Therapist (EMDRIA trained). My office hours include evenings.
I have over 20 years experience and specialize in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and pregnancy/postpartum support and mood disorders. If you are concerned about certain life events, moods, or thoughts, counseling often helps to provide clarity, reassurance, and a way through. My goal is to work with you to find coping strategies, resolution, and increased well-being & peace of mind. I enjoy and have experience working with people from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds. I am an EMDR Therapist (EMDRIA trained). My office hours include evenings.
(317) 942-3225 View (317) 942-3225
Photo of Laura Hosek, Pre-Licensed Professional in Indianapolis, IN
Laura Hosek
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46256
My approach to therapy is collaborative and transparent. I use the skills and experiences I've gained to help clients achieve their own goals. Instead of curing mental health I believe in helping people understand and manage their issues in sustainable ways. Since I use a lot of metaphors in therapy, the one I use to illustrate and describe my therapeutic process is likening it to a home improvement. My job is to help clients explore and find the right tools for their unique improvements and provide guidance so clients have support while making lasting changes they want in their life. The toolbox can then be used outside of therapy.
My approach to therapy is collaborative and transparent. I use the skills and experiences I've gained to help clients achieve their own goals. Instead of curing mental health I believe in helping people understand and manage their issues in sustainable ways. Since I use a lot of metaphors in therapy, the one I use to illustrate and describe my therapeutic process is likening it to a home improvement. My job is to help clients explore and find the right tools for their unique improvements and provide guidance so clients have support while making lasting changes they want in their life. The toolbox can then be used outside of therapy.
(463) 255-4677 View (463) 255-4677
Photo of Angela Hardy, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Angela Hardy
Counselor, MS, LMHC, PC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46260
Life surprises us sometimes… In those moments it is helpful to have someone to come alongside us to provide genuine presence, professionalism and expertise, balanced with compassion, to help through times of transition, trauma or growth. I am passionate about offering encouragement, steps for healing and coping, insight, psychoeducation and interpretation when families are struggling to understand one another. Learning how to navigate life’s courses with sensitivity, kindness and realistic perspective can be more easily undertaken in a therapeutic forum that is accepting and direct. Office, teletherapy, walk/talk or home based.
Life surprises us sometimes… In those moments it is helpful to have someone to come alongside us to provide genuine presence, professionalism and expertise, balanced with compassion, to help through times of transition, trauma or growth. I am passionate about offering encouragement, steps for healing and coping, insight, psychoeducation and interpretation when families are struggling to understand one another. Learning how to navigate life’s courses with sensitivity, kindness and realistic perspective can be more easily undertaken in a therapeutic forum that is accepting and direct. Office, teletherapy, walk/talk or home based.
(765) 347-9720 View (765) 347-9720
Photo of Sarah Mishler, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Sarah Mishler
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46260
I understand that you may be suffering in some way, feeling lost, confused or scared. I can offer you a safe, confidential, and nonjudgmental space where you may fully express yourself. I have a holistic interest in your health which includes how the mind, body, and soul affect each other. I practice from a compassionate, patient centered perspective based in a psychodynamic approach. This approach focuses on exploration to find and understand the origin of your issues. It takes time but can lead to longer and more meaningful change.
I understand that you may be suffering in some way, feeling lost, confused or scared. I can offer you a safe, confidential, and nonjudgmental space where you may fully express yourself. I have a holistic interest in your health which includes how the mind, body, and soul affect each other. I practice from a compassionate, patient centered perspective based in a psychodynamic approach. This approach focuses on exploration to find and understand the origin of your issues. It takes time but can lead to longer and more meaningful change.
(317) 458-5075 View (317) 458-5075
Photo of Tracy Zavaleta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Tracy Zavaleta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46237
I believe that mental health is an important part of overall health and happiness. Each person has the ability to commit to and foster positive change in their lives. I always strive to work with each client as an individual, fostering their strengths and building healthy coping skills, insight, and empowering courage for change.
I believe that mental health is an important part of overall health and happiness. Each person has the ability to commit to and foster positive change in their lives. I always strive to work with each client as an individual, fostering their strengths and building healthy coping skills, insight, and empowering courage for change.
(317) 795-1774 View (317) 795-1774
Photo of Louise Walker Loving Polansky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Louise Walker Loving Polansky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMHC, LCAC, MA
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46220
My therapeutic focus is on helping clients identify and take responsibility for addressing issues ranging from minor life adjustment problems to serious mental health conditions based in brain chemistry deficits. Licensed as a clinical social worker since 1993, I have worked in the behavioral health field since 1979 in a variety of mental health and addictions-focused settings, including inpatient/hospital, intensive outpatient, outpatient, and educational programs. I also have an LMHC and an LCAC. I consider it an honor to work with clients courageous enough to ask for and accept help in meeting life's challenges.
My therapeutic focus is on helping clients identify and take responsibility for addressing issues ranging from minor life adjustment problems to serious mental health conditions based in brain chemistry deficits. Licensed as a clinical social worker since 1993, I have worked in the behavioral health field since 1979 in a variety of mental health and addictions-focused settings, including inpatient/hospital, intensive outpatient, outpatient, and educational programs. I also have an LMHC and an LCAC. I consider it an honor to work with clients courageous enough to ask for and accept help in meeting life's challenges.
(317) 730-2039 View (317) 730-2039

See more therapy options for Indianapolis

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Indianapolis, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
67% Relationship Issues
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% Anthem | Elevance
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Indianapolis, IN see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Indianapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.