Psychodynamic Therapists in Indiana

Photo of Juan Manuel Hernandez, Psychologist in Indiana
Juan Manuel Hernandez
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46229  (Online Only)
These include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), psychodynamic therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and Integrated Whole Health model approach.
Dr. Hernandez, a licensed Clinical Psychologist (PsyD) and Health Service Provider in Psychology (HSPP), specializes in providing mental health services. His focus encompasses Spanish-speaking individuals, veterans, and those struggling with low-income and adverse childhood experiences. As a Mexican immigrant and a veteran of OIF and OEF, he brings unique empathy and understanding to the challenges faced by his clients.
These include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), psychodynamic therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and Integrated Whole Health model approach.
Dr. Hernandez, a licensed Clinical Psychologist (PsyD) and Health Service Provider in Psychology (HSPP), specializes in providing mental health services. His focus encompasses Spanish-speaking individuals, veterans, and those struggling with low-income and adverse childhood experiences. As a Mexican immigrant and a veteran of OIF and OEF, he brings unique empathy and understanding to the challenges faced by his clients.
(317) 676-4562 View (317) 676-4562
Photo of Sarah Spiewak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indiana
Sarah Spiewak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46205
Sarah is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over ten years of experience in the mental health field. She obtained her Bachelor’s of Science in Psychology and Master’s of Social Work from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, concentrating on trauma; community and gun violence; addictions; attachments and interpersonal relationships; and mental health. Sarah approaches her work through a trauma-informed lens, utilizing modalities including EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Psychodynamic Therapy, and Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT).
Sarah is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over ten years of experience in the mental health field. She obtained her Bachelor’s of Science in Psychology and Master’s of Social Work from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, concentrating on trauma; community and gun violence; addictions; attachments and interpersonal relationships; and mental health. Sarah approaches her work through a trauma-informed lens, utilizing modalities including EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Psychodynamic Therapy, and Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT).
(317) 983-5867 View (317) 983-5867
Photo of Lanah Wignall in Indiana
Lanah Wignall
LMHCA
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46220
I utilize a trauma informed care perspective while implementing aspects of DBT, CBT, psychodynamic theory and ACT modalities.
My passion is to walk alongside individuals who need support in the places they may feel stuck. I believe that the first step to change is genuine connection while feeling safe, heard, and seen. I am passionate about my clients finding healing and freedom by living in their personal values and embracing their authentic and genuine self.
I utilize a trauma informed care perspective while implementing aspects of DBT, CBT, psychodynamic theory and ACT modalities.
My passion is to walk alongside individuals who need support in the places they may feel stuck. I believe that the first step to change is genuine connection while feeling safe, heard, and seen. I am passionate about my clients finding healing and freedom by living in their personal values and embracing their authentic and genuine self.
(463) 243-5896 View (463) 243-5896
Photo of Katherine Turner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indiana
Katherine Turner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I believe the process of therapy will help you clarify your feelings, understand yourself and others, explore options, and make changes in your life. My orientation as a therapist is both psychodynamic and interactive--gaining an understanding of your past to enhance your future. I consider self-knowledge and self-acceptance the best ways to overcome challenges encountered throughout life. Therapy should be tailored to a client's needs as no two people are alike, therefore I employ a variety of theories, techniques, and practices which customize treatment to the uniqueness of each individual.
I believe the process of therapy will help you clarify your feelings, understand yourself and others, explore options, and make changes in your life. My orientation as a therapist is both psychodynamic and interactive--gaining an understanding of your past to enhance your future. I consider self-knowledge and self-acceptance the best ways to overcome challenges encountered throughout life. Therapy should be tailored to a client's needs as no two people are alike, therefore I employ a variety of theories, techniques, and practices which customize treatment to the uniqueness of each individual.
(317) 443-9593 View (317) 443-9593
Photo of Charlotte Elliott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indiana
Charlotte Elliott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Wayne, IN 46804
I use a variety of counseling modalities including talk therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing, Internal Family Systems (parts work), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy, to name a few.
I have been in the mental health field for over 25 years. I work with clients who are dealing with the struggles of every day life. Those who are struggling with depression and anxiety, those who have been abused physically, sexually or emotionally at any time in their life as well as grief and loss of any kind. I work with First Responders, Medical Professionals and other Therapists as well as the general public. I am Certified in Prenatal & Postpartum mental health related to postpartum anxiety or depression, infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth and abortion loss. I offer Christian Counseling for those who request it.
I use a variety of counseling modalities including talk therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing, Internal Family Systems (parts work), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy, to name a few.
I have been in the mental health field for over 25 years. I work with clients who are dealing with the struggles of every day life. Those who are struggling with depression and anxiety, those who have been abused physically, sexually or emotionally at any time in their life as well as grief and loss of any kind. I work with First Responders, Medical Professionals and other Therapists as well as the general public. I am Certified in Prenatal & Postpartum mental health related to postpartum anxiety or depression, infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth and abortion loss. I offer Christian Counseling for those who request it.
(260) 218-0205 View (260) 218-0205
Photo of Kristina Brockhouse, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indiana
Kristina Brockhouse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46256  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I specialize in diverse approaches like cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, & humanistic therapy.
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
As a therapist, I specialize in diverse approaches like cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, & humanistic therapy.
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
(317) 659-6303 View (317) 659-6303
Photo of Sheronda Moore, Counselor in Indiana
Sheronda Moore
Counselor, PhD, OTR/L, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I use psychodynamic approaches, which focus on alleviating symptoms to help you lead a healthier life.
Relationships are integral to our existence as human beings. We are not islands. Life can be challenging, and events and other life circumstances can leave us feeling vulnerable and alone. A therapist can be a nonjudgmental and empathetic ear with which people can gain self-knowledge, self-confidence, and resilience. When you work with me, you will have a safe space to experience the emotions needed and to identify any deficits and strengths that can help shape your goals. Together, we can help you figure out how to participate and thrive in life despite the things holding you back.
I use psychodynamic approaches, which focus on alleviating symptoms to help you lead a healthier life.
Relationships are integral to our existence as human beings. We are not islands. Life can be challenging, and events and other life circumstances can leave us feeling vulnerable and alone. A therapist can be a nonjudgmental and empathetic ear with which people can gain self-knowledge, self-confidence, and resilience. When you work with me, you will have a safe space to experience the emotions needed and to identify any deficits and strengths that can help shape your goals. Together, we can help you figure out how to participate and thrive in life despite the things holding you back.
(317) 676-7493 View (317) 676-7493
Photo of Katie Smeraglia, Psychologist in Indiana
Katie Smeraglia
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New Albany, IN 47150
Waitlist for new clients
I am well-trained in Interpersonal Cognitive-Behavioral, and Psychodynamic techniques and will utilize what fits best with individual therapy clients.
While I specialize in parenting techniques for young children, I also enjoy working with children, teens, and adults who feel "stuck," or are having difficulty managing family and social conflicts. I believe the therapeutic relationship is a powerful agent of change, and aim to provide a warm, safe, and casual space for clients to express themselves. I work particularly well with teenage and young adult females. I also encourage creative outlets for processing emotional issues, which might include drawing, painting or any other evidenced-based expressive techniques that relieve distress.
I am well-trained in Interpersonal Cognitive-Behavioral, and Psychodynamic techniques and will utilize what fits best with individual therapy clients.
While I specialize in parenting techniques for young children, I also enjoy working with children, teens, and adults who feel "stuck," or are having difficulty managing family and social conflicts. I believe the therapeutic relationship is a powerful agent of change, and aim to provide a warm, safe, and casual space for clients to express themselves. I work particularly well with teenage and young adult females. I also encourage creative outlets for processing emotional issues, which might include drawing, painting or any other evidenced-based expressive techniques that relieve distress.
(812) 590-4033 View (812) 590-4033
Photo of Bethany Keller, Psychologist in Indiana
Bethany Keller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I integrate interpersonal, psychodynamic, and emotion-focused approaches within a multicultural and person-centered framework.
I work with adults who are looking to deepen their understanding of themselves, heal from past trauma including relationship distress and interpersonal violence, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and mood disorders. I also work with couples who are looking to interrupt their negative interaction cycles by working with their emotional experiences, expressing their needs, and increase safety and security in their relationships.
I integrate interpersonal, psychodynamic, and emotion-focused approaches within a multicultural and person-centered framework.
I work with adults who are looking to deepen their understanding of themselves, heal from past trauma including relationship distress and interpersonal violence, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and mood disorders. I also work with couples who are looking to interrupt their negative interaction cycles by working with their emotional experiences, expressing their needs, and increase safety and security in their relationships.
(463) 218-7520 View (463) 218-7520
Photo of Tyler Zielasko, Counselor in Indiana
Tyler Zielasko
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Warsaw, IN 46580
Psychodynamic, CBT, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, as well as the Enneagram are a few therapeutic styles I use.
For almost 20 years I’ve come alongside individuals, couples, and families struggling with a variety of concerns. One of my greatest passions is helping people discover their potential through developing their own tools and skills to work thru life’s complexities. I help people get to the root of what’s challenging for them. Together we will work towards rebuilding the way your mind and body responds to your experiences in life and will equip you with the right tools so you feel confident to pursue your goals towards healing.
Psychodynamic, CBT, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, as well as the Enneagram are a few therapeutic styles I use.
For almost 20 years I’ve come alongside individuals, couples, and families struggling with a variety of concerns. One of my greatest passions is helping people discover their potential through developing their own tools and skills to work thru life’s complexities. I help people get to the root of what’s challenging for them. Together we will work towards rebuilding the way your mind and body responds to your experiences in life and will equip you with the right tools so you feel confident to pursue your goals towards healing.
(574) 319-9105 View (574) 319-9105
Photo of Barbara Thornburg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indiana
Barbara Thornburg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46260
My approach is both psychodynamic (helping you understand how you got to where you are today) and behavioral (helping you learn to change behaviors that may be detrimental).
I have been a licensed clinical social worker for over thirty years working with adults, adolescents and older children, parents, couples, and families. I specialize in the areas of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, Asperger's Syndrome, grief/bereavement, and women's issues.
My approach is both psychodynamic (helping you understand how you got to where you are today) and behavioral (helping you learn to change behaviors that may be detrimental).
I have been a licensed clinical social worker for over thirty years working with adults, adolescents and older children, parents, couples, and families. I specialize in the areas of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, Asperger's Syndrome, grief/bereavement, and women's issues.
(317) 855-0306 x5 View (317) 855-0306 x5
Photo of Kaitlyn Ferry in Indiana
Kaitlyn Ferry
LMHCA, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46220
I use a collaborative, psychodynamic approach that takes into account the complex factors that make each person’s experience unique including family history, personality style, coping mechanisms, relational patterns, and personal goals.
Are anxiety or feelings of emptiness keeping you disconnected from your own life? Do you feel stuck in unsatisfying patterns that are negatively affecting your well-being or relationships? These symptoms likely started as attempts towards solutions as you adapted to meet life’s challenges or overcome trauma. Except, these solutions are no longer working for you and might be making things worse, but it is not too late to change! You have made the first step by seeking out support in your path towards wellness.
I use a collaborative, psychodynamic approach that takes into account the complex factors that make each person’s experience unique including family history, personality style, coping mechanisms, relational patterns, and personal goals.
Are anxiety or feelings of emptiness keeping you disconnected from your own life? Do you feel stuck in unsatisfying patterns that are negatively affecting your well-being or relationships? These symptoms likely started as attempts towards solutions as you adapted to meet life’s challenges or overcome trauma. Except, these solutions are no longer working for you and might be making things worse, but it is not too late to change! You have made the first step by seeking out support in your path towards wellness.
(765) 560-0912 View (765) 560-0912
Photo of Sarah Mishler, Counselor in Indiana
Sarah Mishler
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46260
I understand that you may be suffering in some way, feeling lost, confused or scared. I can offer you a safe, confidential, and nonjudgmental space where you may fully express yourself. I have a holistic interest in your health which includes how the mind, body, and soul affect each other. I practice from a compassionate, patient centered perspective based in a psychodynamic approach. This approach focuses on exploration to find and understand the origin of your issues. It takes time but can lead to longer and more meaningful change.
I understand that you may be suffering in some way, feeling lost, confused or scared. I can offer you a safe, confidential, and nonjudgmental space where you may fully express yourself. I have a holistic interest in your health which includes how the mind, body, and soul affect each other. I practice from a compassionate, patient centered perspective based in a psychodynamic approach. This approach focuses on exploration to find and understand the origin of your issues. It takes time but can lead to longer and more meaningful change.
(317) 458-5075 View (317) 458-5075
Photo of David J Burkhard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Indiana
David J Burkhard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46227
I offer brief and long term individual, couple, and family counseling from a psychodynamic perspective. My goal is to provide a "safe space" where people can talk about the many complicated facets of their lives. This process leads to greater awareness, new insights, and new behavior - all of which lead to a more satisfying and fulfilling life.
I offer brief and long term individual, couple, and family counseling from a psychodynamic perspective. My goal is to provide a "safe space" where people can talk about the many complicated facets of their lives. This process leads to greater awareness, new insights, and new behavior - all of which lead to a more satisfying and fulfilling life.
(317) 207-2766 View (317) 207-2766
Photo of Danielle Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indiana
Danielle Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46256  (Online Only)
Most notably psychodynamic theory - It's like taking a journey into your past to understand how it shapes your present.
I'm here to extend a supportive hand to adults journeying through life's transitions and navigating the unpredictable twists and turns, particularly when it comes to the thrilling ride of dating and relationships. My vibe? Totally conversational, candid, and sprinkled with a dash of humor – because therapy doesn't always have to be serious! Picture this: therapy as a cozy chat over coffee, where we dive deep into your emotions and uncover ways to connect with them. My aim? To create a relaxed, safe space where you can freely express yourself, all while keeping things lively and laid back.
Most notably psychodynamic theory - It's like taking a journey into your past to understand how it shapes your present.
I'm here to extend a supportive hand to adults journeying through life's transitions and navigating the unpredictable twists and turns, particularly when it comes to the thrilling ride of dating and relationships. My vibe? Totally conversational, candid, and sprinkled with a dash of humor – because therapy doesn't always have to be serious! Picture this: therapy as a cozy chat over coffee, where we dive deep into your emotions and uncover ways to connect with them. My aim? To create a relaxed, safe space where you can freely express yourself, all while keeping things lively and laid back.
(708) 773-6473 View (708) 773-6473
Photo of Susan Geshay, Marriage & Family Therapist in Indiana
Susan Geshay
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
My approach to therapy is psychodynamic, which means I listen and attend to feelings and beliefs about your past experiences - relational, emotional, and cultural - which inform your internal dialogue and interactions with the outside world. The goal is to make connections that support growth and change to create a healthier, more satisfying life.
My approach to therapy is psychodynamic, which means I listen and attend to feelings and beliefs about your past experiences - relational, emotional, and cultural - which inform your internal dialogue and interactions with the outside world. The goal is to make connections that support growth and change to create a healthier, more satisfying life.
(463) 777-4072 View (463) 777-4072
Photo of Courtney Jo Terrell, Counselor in Indiana
Courtney Jo Terrell
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fishers, IN 46038
I provide therapy that works. My holistic approach helps clients overcome anxiety, insecurity, and trauma. Because I am focused on my client’s strengths, they rise above hardships, achieve their goals, and cultivate authentic relationships. My self-empowerment model helps people identify patterns and get unstuck. Our work together is collaborative and individualized. I draw on IFS, psychodynamic theories, and EMDR to help you live intentionally and joyfully.
I provide therapy that works. My holistic approach helps clients overcome anxiety, insecurity, and trauma. Because I am focused on my client’s strengths, they rise above hardships, achieve their goals, and cultivate authentic relationships. My self-empowerment model helps people identify patterns and get unstuck. Our work together is collaborative and individualized. I draw on IFS, psychodynamic theories, and EMDR to help you live intentionally and joyfully.
(317) 458-9320 View (317) 458-9320
Photo of James M Berman, Counselor in Indiana
James M Berman
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LCAC, NCC
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
I am an eclectic therapist, often utilizing Client Centered Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Imagery, metaphor, and experiential exercises.
With 30 + years of experience as a psychotherapist, I will do everything possible to help you get the most out of your counseling sessions. Being in therapy should be a meaningful and transformative experience. It takes courage to face emotional, mental health, relationship, behavioral, abuse and addiction issues. It is necessary to feel comfortable, safe, and heard in your therapy relationship, as it is feelings of fear, anxiety, anger, guilt, and resentment that motivate us to seek change. I provide a safe, welcoming, discrete, and professional environment where you can explore your needs for personal growth and recovery.
I am an eclectic therapist, often utilizing Client Centered Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Imagery, metaphor, and experiential exercises.
With 30 + years of experience as a psychotherapist, I will do everything possible to help you get the most out of your counseling sessions. Being in therapy should be a meaningful and transformative experience. It takes courage to face emotional, mental health, relationship, behavioral, abuse and addiction issues. It is necessary to feel comfortable, safe, and heard in your therapy relationship, as it is feelings of fear, anxiety, anger, guilt, and resentment that motivate us to seek change. I provide a safe, welcoming, discrete, and professional environment where you can explore your needs for personal growth and recovery.
(219) 641-3027 View (219) 641-3027
Photo of Hannah O'Connor, Psychologist in Indiana
Hannah O'Connor
Psychologist, MJ, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46280
I use an integrative approach that calls upon psychodynamic, mindfulness, and cognitive interventions.
I work primarily with adults looking to find meaning in their life by reflecting upon daily challenges and gaining insight into their experiences. I offer a supportive and nonjudgmental atmosphere and prioritize building a trusting therapeutic relationship with the individuals I work with. Whether you are experiencing chronic mental illness or going through a transient period of distress, I provide a safe space to address your concerns. My approach to therapy is integrative and individualized to each person's unique story and life goals. I believe in empowering individuals to produce sought after change in their life.
I use an integrative approach that calls upon psychodynamic, mindfulness, and cognitive interventions.
I work primarily with adults looking to find meaning in their life by reflecting upon daily challenges and gaining insight into their experiences. I offer a supportive and nonjudgmental atmosphere and prioritize building a trusting therapeutic relationship with the individuals I work with. Whether you are experiencing chronic mental illness or going through a transient period of distress, I provide a safe space to address your concerns. My approach to therapy is integrative and individualized to each person's unique story and life goals. I believe in empowering individuals to produce sought after change in their life.
(317) 961-7926 View (317) 961-7926
Photo of Kaitlin E Moore, Counselor in Indiana
Kaitlin E Moore
Counselor, MA, MDiv
Verified Verified
Evansville, IN 47712
My background in both CBT and psychodynamic psychotherapy allows us to explore and address thought patterns and behaviors that may impact your connections.
Did you know that a study conducted by Harvard identified meaningful relationships as the most significant predictor of happiness? specialize in working with relationships of all kinds, from toxic family dynamics, parents with anxious children, affair work in couples, social anxiety, and past trauma, to exploring kink, and enhancing social skills. Quality relationships result in happiness and helping clients achieve that happiness is my passion. Whether it's enhancing your dating life, deepening friendships, or navigating complex relationship dynamics, my approach is tailored to foster resilience and meaningful connections.
My background in both CBT and psychodynamic psychotherapy allows us to explore and address thought patterns and behaviors that may impact your connections.
Did you know that a study conducted by Harvard identified meaningful relationships as the most significant predictor of happiness? specialize in working with relationships of all kinds, from toxic family dynamics, parents with anxious children, affair work in couples, social anxiety, and past trauma, to exploring kink, and enhancing social skills. Quality relationships result in happiness and helping clients achieve that happiness is my passion. Whether it's enhancing your dating life, deepening friendships, or navigating complex relationship dynamics, my approach is tailored to foster resilience and meaningful connections.
(812) 412-2524 View (812) 412-2524
Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.