Therapists in San Antonio, TX

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Photo of Jessica Rutowski, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in San Antonio, TX
Jessica Rutowski
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78201  (Online Only)
I work with clients with diverse backgrounds and a wide range of mental health conditions. Some of these include, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, and addiction. Additionally, I have worked with individuals facing homelessness, multicultural backgrounds, experiencing prejudice, and supported LGBT+ individuals.
I work with clients with diverse backgrounds and a wide range of mental health conditions. Some of these include, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, and addiction. Additionally, I have worked with individuals facing homelessness, multicultural backgrounds, experiencing prejudice, and supported LGBT+ individuals.
(726) 336-2696 View (726) 336-2696
Photo of Philotimo Counseling LLC (Gaspar Rivera) in San Antonio, TX
Philotimo Counseling LLC (Gaspar Rivera)
MA, CLC, US Army, Retired
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78228
My name is Gaspar Rivera and I am a Behavioral Life Coach at Philotimo Counseling LLC. We all have obstacles preventing us from living the life that we want and deserve! We also have Anna Rivera a Licensed Professional Counselor on staff should you prefer a counselor for your needs. We can help you rediscover yourself and identify goals/changes you want to make by creating an action plan and helping you implement the changes or plan that will pave the path to achieving your goals. Behavioral Health coaching is an ideal alternative for individuals seeking assistance with life challenges that do not require a mental health diagnosis.
My name is Gaspar Rivera and I am a Behavioral Life Coach at Philotimo Counseling LLC. We all have obstacles preventing us from living the life that we want and deserve! We also have Anna Rivera a Licensed Professional Counselor on staff should you prefer a counselor for your needs. We can help you rediscover yourself and identify goals/changes you want to make by creating an action plan and helping you implement the changes or plan that will pave the path to achieving your goals. Behavioral Health coaching is an ideal alternative for individuals seeking assistance with life challenges that do not require a mental health diagnosis.
(726) 224-4734 View (726) 224-4734
Photo of Melissa Graham, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Melissa Graham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MBA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78245
I am a Board Approved Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor in the state of Texas. I provide clinical supervision for LPC-associates. I'm not currently taking counseling clients. My clinical areas of counseling competence are primarily adults with persistent and severe mental illness, and I have experience in counseling adolescents, families, and groups.  I have 16 years of experience in the field and have spent the majority of that time at the LMHA.   I am excited to assist you on your journey to becoming a fully licensed counselor.
I am a Board Approved Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor in the state of Texas. I provide clinical supervision for LPC-associates. I'm not currently taking counseling clients. My clinical areas of counseling competence are primarily adults with persistent and severe mental illness, and I have experience in counseling adolescents, families, and groups.  I have 16 years of experience in the field and have spent the majority of that time at the LMHA.   I am excited to assist you on your journey to becoming a fully licensed counselor.
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Photo of Roberta M. Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in San Antonio, TX
Roberta M. Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78232
Counseling and therapy can provide new hope, helping clients discover or redefine the path to achieving goals and bringing deeper meaning to their lives. Roberta believes that each person is unique, with individual purposes and gifts. She works well with individuals, children, adolescents and families, utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other integrative therapeutic techniques from a holistic perspective. Roberta has done extensive postgraduate work in art therapy and often utilizes expressive arts therapies and play therapy to help clients work through difficulties and trauma.
Counseling and therapy can provide new hope, helping clients discover or redefine the path to achieving goals and bringing deeper meaning to their lives. Roberta believes that each person is unique, with individual purposes and gifts. She works well with individuals, children, adolescents and families, utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other integrative therapeutic techniques from a holistic perspective. Roberta has done extensive postgraduate work in art therapy and often utilizes expressive arts therapies and play therapy to help clients work through difficulties and trauma.
(210) 985-9082 View (210) 985-9082
Photo of Mayra Cano, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Mayra Cano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78229  (Online Only)
I aim to establish warm, collaborative therapeutic relationships with my clients. It is important to me to create a comfortable and safe environment for each client or family. I strive to empower my clients to use their own strengths and individualized capabilities to reach their goals and find balance. I deem it important to consider individuals to be part of a family unit when working with families. I think it's beneficial to remain creative with each person/family.
I aim to establish warm, collaborative therapeutic relationships with my clients. It is important to me to create a comfortable and safe environment for each client or family. I strive to empower my clients to use their own strengths and individualized capabilities to reach their goals and find balance. I deem it important to consider individuals to be part of a family unit when working with families. I think it's beneficial to remain creative with each person/family.
(210) 871-8781 View (210) 871-8781
Photo of Russel L Thompson, Psychologist in San Antonio, TX
Russel L Thompson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78232
I am a psychologist in a group of mental health clinicians. I have a PhD in psychology and have been licensed since 2003. My colleagues and I provide neuropsychological and psychological assessment and psychotherapy. Neuropsychological assessments help people with memory, attention, and learning problems. Psychological assessments are available for pre-surgical evaluations for medical treatments including spinal cord stimulators pain management, bariatric weight loss, and seizure control. My therapy roster is small and is focused on long-term, insight-oriented work. You can learn more about me and my colleagues at www.sa-mh.com
I am a psychologist in a group of mental health clinicians. I have a PhD in psychology and have been licensed since 2003. My colleagues and I provide neuropsychological and psychological assessment and psychotherapy. Neuropsychological assessments help people with memory, attention, and learning problems. Psychological assessments are available for pre-surgical evaluations for medical treatments including spinal cord stimulators pain management, bariatric weight loss, and seizure control. My therapy roster is small and is focused on long-term, insight-oriented work. You can learn more about me and my colleagues at www.sa-mh.com
(210) 853-5898 View (210) 853-5898
Photo of Rachelle Renee Mellieon, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Rachelle Renee Mellieon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LPHA
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78215
Life can hurt. My passion is to help others navigate through those daily life issues. I believe that a genuine, therapeutic relationship is fundamental to its success. Thus, I strive to foster a calm, caring environment. I combine warmth, empathy, and gentle challenges designed to lead you towards new ways of thinking and acting on your circumstances. The strategies I use are dependent upon the needs of each client. For those seeking a Biblical approach in sessions, I incorporate Christian counseling...
Life can hurt. My passion is to help others navigate through those daily life issues. I believe that a genuine, therapeutic relationship is fundamental to its success. Thus, I strive to foster a calm, caring environment. I combine warmth, empathy, and gentle challenges designed to lead you towards new ways of thinking and acting on your circumstances. The strategies I use are dependent upon the needs of each client. For those seeking a Biblical approach in sessions, I incorporate Christian counseling...
(210) 683-1696 View (210) 683-1696
Photo of Heather Pullen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Heather Pullen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78232
Life can and will have its challenging seasons. I am here to provide a safe space and listening ear. I have experience working with clients who are processing a wide variety of different issues, including anxiety, depression, relationship issues, emotional/physical abuse, behavior issues, grief and loss, and trauma.
Life can and will have its challenging seasons. I am here to provide a safe space and listening ear. I have experience working with clients who are processing a wide variety of different issues, including anxiety, depression, relationship issues, emotional/physical abuse, behavior issues, grief and loss, and trauma.
(210) 361-9846 View (210) 361-9846
Photo of Mark B Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Mark B Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, LSOTP-S, CCFC, ATSA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78249  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with clients of all ages. I am often referred adolescents who are involved in the Juvenile Justice System. I am qualified to provide sexual education and guidance to all ages within the framework of their family, community, and religious beliefs. I give parents guidance in helping them to navigate through the courts and their children's schools while offering advice and additional resources. I provide psychotherapy for people struggling with family or personal issues. I am available daytime and early evening hours.
I enjoy working with clients of all ages. I am often referred adolescents who are involved in the Juvenile Justice System. I am qualified to provide sexual education and guidance to all ages within the framework of their family, community, and religious beliefs. I give parents guidance in helping them to navigate through the courts and their children's schools while offering advice and additional resources. I provide psychotherapy for people struggling with family or personal issues. I am available daytime and early evening hours.
(210) 255-2021 View (210) 255-2021
Photo of Shawna Scarnato, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Shawna Scarnato
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78215  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor (LPC-S) with over 15 years’ experience working with adults, adolescents and their families. Life comes with struggles, but these struggles don't have to become who we are. I believe we all find our own ways of coping and healing, but sometimes we need additional support to help us make healthy decisions.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor (LPC-S) with over 15 years’ experience working with adults, adolescents and their families. Life comes with struggles, but these struggles don't have to become who we are. I believe we all find our own ways of coping and healing, but sometimes we need additional support to help us make healthy decisions.
(210) 880-2120 View (210) 880-2120
Photo of Eric D Powell, Psychologist in San Antonio, TX
Eric D Powell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78229
I have always been amazed by nature’s resilience to revive itself when adversity creates setbacks and its capability to thrive even in harsh conditions. Nature possesses the critical balance of the many elements necessary for sustainability. As humans, we also have the capacity to overcome setbacks. I often work with individuals who suffer from various problems, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, stress, or even adjustment to living with a chronic illness. They are often looking for a way to find balance and move forward in their lives.
I have always been amazed by nature’s resilience to revive itself when adversity creates setbacks and its capability to thrive even in harsh conditions. Nature possesses the critical balance of the many elements necessary for sustainability. As humans, we also have the capacity to overcome setbacks. I often work with individuals who suffer from various problems, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, stress, or even adjustment to living with a chronic illness. They are often looking for a way to find balance and move forward in their lives.
(210) 972-6277 View (210) 972-6277
Photo of Beatrice Ballard, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Beatrice Ballard
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78258
*No evening or weekend appointments* Life can throw curve balls at us and when that happens it's helpful to have a trained professional who can help you process how to move forward. I have experience treating individuals, couples and families and significant experience dealing with cases of infidelity, divorce, anxiety and depression. Couples are a big focus for me but of course I also see individuals. I have a particular interest in clients dealing with anxiety, depression or have past trauma. I also do therapy with local celebrities who have unique concerns about privacy.
*No evening or weekend appointments* Life can throw curve balls at us and when that happens it's helpful to have a trained professional who can help you process how to move forward. I have experience treating individuals, couples and families and significant experience dealing with cases of infidelity, divorce, anxiety and depression. Couples are a big focus for me but of course I also see individuals. I have a particular interest in clients dealing with anxiety, depression or have past trauma. I also do therapy with local celebrities who have unique concerns about privacy.
(210) 625-8386 View (210) 625-8386
Photo of Randa Chance, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Randa Chance
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78232
I am licensed in Texas (LPC & LMFT), Oklahoma (LPC) and Wisconsin (LPC). I have served with my husband for the past 18 years in various pastoral roles and am heavily involved with the San Antonio community. I specialize in helping individuals, couples and families (including clergy couples and families) to facilitate healing and provide a safe place for processing through trauma, relational challenges, big life changes, self-image, behavioral issues, spirituality, anxiety, depression, grief and loss. Because each client has specific needs, treatment is customized for each individual client.
I am licensed in Texas (LPC & LMFT), Oklahoma (LPC) and Wisconsin (LPC). I have served with my husband for the past 18 years in various pastoral roles and am heavily involved with the San Antonio community. I specialize in helping individuals, couples and families (including clergy couples and families) to facilitate healing and provide a safe place for processing through trauma, relational challenges, big life changes, self-image, behavioral issues, spirituality, anxiety, depression, grief and loss. Because each client has specific needs, treatment is customized for each individual client.
(210) 791-0731 View (210) 791-0731
Photo of Natalie Renée Arredondo in San Antonio, TX
Natalie Renée Arredondo
MS
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78228
Not accepting new clients
I graduated from Walden University, where I received a Master’s in Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I use an existential approach to obstacles in life, but believe therapy should be shaped and molded to the needs of my clients. I help individuals who have experienced disturbing life events find their inner peace by providing techniques and tools to overcome their trauma to live rewarding lives. I also help women and those within the LGBTQ+ community who struggle with their self-esteem find their voice through a non-judgmental environment to help empower them to reach their full and maximum potential.
I graduated from Walden University, where I received a Master’s in Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I use an existential approach to obstacles in life, but believe therapy should be shaped and molded to the needs of my clients. I help individuals who have experienced disturbing life events find their inner peace by providing techniques and tools to overcome their trauma to live rewarding lives. I also help women and those within the LGBTQ+ community who struggle with their self-esteem find their voice through a non-judgmental environment to help empower them to reach their full and maximum potential.
(210) 953-5668 View (210) 953-5668
Photo of Kyle R Keller, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Kyle R Keller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78258
Do you find yourself reliving unpleasant memories from your past? These could be situations of childhood abuse/neglect, the horrors of war, or single traumatic events (such as car accidents, assaults, or any situations in which your life or the life of a loved one was threatened). If this is the case, you might have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, which is common in civilian and military populations. THE GOOD NEWS IS THERE IS A SOLUTION. There is a powerful therapy called EMDR which has proven to be effective with not only PTSD, but also many other mental health disorders, because more often than not, trauma is the core issue.
Do you find yourself reliving unpleasant memories from your past? These could be situations of childhood abuse/neglect, the horrors of war, or single traumatic events (such as car accidents, assaults, or any situations in which your life or the life of a loved one was threatened). If this is the case, you might have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, which is common in civilian and military populations. THE GOOD NEWS IS THERE IS A SOLUTION. There is a powerful therapy called EMDR which has proven to be effective with not only PTSD, but also many other mental health disorders, because more often than not, trauma is the core issue.
(210) 899-0734 x5 View (210) 899-0734 x5
Photo of Ivette Soto, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Ivette Soto
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78253  (Online Only)
Hola y Bienvenidos! My name is Ivette Soto, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor offering tele-health services to individuals above the age of 12. My services are available in both English and Spanish. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, and life adjustments, and I have extensive experience working with children with autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, behavioral concerns, and other related disabilities as a Registered Behavioral Therapist.
Hola y Bienvenidos! My name is Ivette Soto, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor offering tele-health services to individuals above the age of 12. My services are available in both English and Spanish. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, and life adjustments, and I have extensive experience working with children with autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, behavioral concerns, and other related disabilities as a Registered Behavioral Therapist.
(830) 452-0168 View (830) 452-0168
Photo of Lori Gulley, Psychologist in San Antonio, TX
Lori Gulley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78217
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and Army Veteran with over 12 years of experience working with the military population, dependents, and Veterans. I work collaboratively with clients to provide individualized treatment that is evidence based and empirically founded. By learning positive coping skills, improving insight and modifying thoughts and behaviors, clients make meaningful changes while being active participants in their therapy. I value the therapeutic relationship and seek to empower individuals with empathy and knowledge.
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and Army Veteran with over 12 years of experience working with the military population, dependents, and Veterans. I work collaboratively with clients to provide individualized treatment that is evidence based and empirically founded. By learning positive coping skills, improving insight and modifying thoughts and behaviors, clients make meaningful changes while being active participants in their therapy. I value the therapeutic relationship and seek to empower individuals with empathy and knowledge.
(210) 864-5347 View (210) 864-5347
Photo of Tamera J. Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Tamera J. Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78249  (Online Only)
As professional women, we are powerful, strong and resilient, however we are not invincible. Many professional women, find themselves experiencing the burn of striving for better, the heaviness from the burdens of painful past experiences, the overwhelm of everyday life and responsibilities. The struggle with their relentless inner critic, often born from unresolved guilt, shame, or trauma, creates a barrier to achieving the inner peace and confidence we so deeply desire. This inner pain often undermines our self-worth, diminishes our joy and our ability to feel authentic and build the live and relationships we desire and deserve!
As professional women, we are powerful, strong and resilient, however we are not invincible. Many professional women, find themselves experiencing the burn of striving for better, the heaviness from the burdens of painful past experiences, the overwhelm of everyday life and responsibilities. The struggle with their relentless inner critic, often born from unresolved guilt, shame, or trauma, creates a barrier to achieving the inner peace and confidence we so deeply desire. This inner pain often undermines our self-worth, diminishes our joy and our ability to feel authentic and build the live and relationships we desire and deserve!
(210) 791-7510 View (210) 791-7510
Photo of Christine M Hefel, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Christine M Hefel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78257  (Online Only)
Navigating Life's obstacles can be overwhelming. I work with individuals, couples and families to help provide the guidance and direction they need. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC), and a Professional Life Coach with over twenty years of clinical experience. Whether you are struggling to resolve past hurts, feeling stuck in the present, or are exploring ways to shape your future, I can help.
Navigating Life's obstacles can be overwhelming. I work with individuals, couples and families to help provide the guidance and direction they need. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC), and a Professional Life Coach with over twenty years of clinical experience. Whether you are struggling to resolve past hurts, feeling stuck in the present, or are exploring ways to shape your future, I can help.
(210) 698-8818 View (210) 698-8818
Photo of Melissa N Allen, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Melissa N Allen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78249
You might be anxious, dreading each day, stuck, and angry carrying pain and trauma and really wanting to find a way to be free of memories, shame, and panic attacks so you can live your best life. You might question how others seem to get life “right” because their social media posts don't look anything like how you feel. Relationships are suffering, and you don't want to pass these feelings on to those you love. You want to be free, confident, happy, and at peace with who you are as a person and the future that is yours yet to live.
You might be anxious, dreading each day, stuck, and angry carrying pain and trauma and really wanting to find a way to be free of memories, shame, and panic attacks so you can live your best life. You might question how others seem to get life “right” because their social media posts don't look anything like how you feel. Relationships are suffering, and you don't want to pass these feelings on to those you love. You want to be free, confident, happy, and at peace with who you are as a person and the future that is yours yet to live.
(210) 899-6421 View (210) 899-6421

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Antonio, TX

2,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in San Antonio, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
70% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
78% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Antonio, TX see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Antonio?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.