Therapists in Sanford, ME

Photo of Susan H Lombardo, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, MHRT-C, DEEP
Susan H Lombardo
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, MHRT-C, DEEP
Online Only
With more than 30 years of experience in the field of substance abuse, I am committed to helping those wanting to live healthier, more productive lives in their journey of recovery. I have a great deal of experience with both adolescents and adults, especially those struggling with legal issues related to their use. I am also interested in providing support for those affected by others' substance use. Please call and ask me how I can help you achieve your goals of repairing relationships, becoming physically and emotionally healthy and dealing with any of the life challenges brought about by substance abuse.
With more than 30 years of experience in the field of substance abuse, I am committed to helping those wanting to live healthier, more productive lives in their journey of recovery. I have a great deal of experience with both adolescents and adults, especially those struggling with legal issues related to their use. I am also interested in providing support for those affected by others' substance use. Please call and ask me how I can help you achieve your goals of repairing relationships, becoming physically and emotionally healthy and dealing with any of the life challenges brought about by substance abuse.
(207) 306-2953 View (207) 306-2953
Photo of Valerie Hesketh, Counselor, LCPC, NCC, MS, MBA
Valerie Hesketh
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, MS, MBA
5 Endorsed
Sanford, ME 04073
Helping people is at the heart of my work. I’m passionate about supporting clients as they build meaningful, sustainable habits that help them navigate life’s challenges with greater clarity and confidence. In our work together, you can expect a safe, collaborative, and non-judgmental space where your experiences are respected, and your goals guide the process. My focus is on empowering you to create lasting, life-changing growth.
Helping people is at the heart of my work. I’m passionate about supporting clients as they build meaningful, sustainable habits that help them navigate life’s challenges with greater clarity and confidence. In our work together, you can expect a safe, collaborative, and non-judgmental space where your experiences are respected, and your goals guide the process. My focus is on empowering you to create lasting, life-changing growth.
(207) 560-0900 View (207) 560-0900
Photo of Kate Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kate Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Sanford, ME 04073
Waitlist for new clients
Personal growth and change can be intimidating. However, it is also a powerful and essential part of the healing process. As a trauma informed therapist, I will walk with you on your journey toward finding balance, peace, and self-understanding. It is a privilege to witness the positive transformations that can happen through the process of therapy. My therapeutic style is collaborative, non-judgmental, and empathetic. I strive to create a safe and compassionate space for all people who enter my office. I believe that all individuals are capable of finding inner peace and self-acceptance and everyone’s own unique story is valuable.
Personal growth and change can be intimidating. However, it is also a powerful and essential part of the healing process. As a trauma informed therapist, I will walk with you on your journey toward finding balance, peace, and self-understanding. It is a privilege to witness the positive transformations that can happen through the process of therapy. My therapeutic style is collaborative, non-judgmental, and empathetic. I strive to create a safe and compassionate space for all people who enter my office. I believe that all individuals are capable of finding inner peace and self-acceptance and everyone’s own unique story is valuable.
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Photo of Zofie Meffert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Zofie Meffert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sanford, ME 04073
For the past 15 years I have been solely focused on children and their families. It is hard when we realize that sometimes we need a little help, and that parenting can be a challenge. When we see our children struggle, it can be heartbreaking. I am here to lend a hand to that struggle and help your child understand what is going on internally, gain the coping skills needed, and strengthen the family bond. Strengths can be found in all of us, even when they are hidden deep. As adults, having someone to talk to without judgement is beneficial. You will always be respected and valued walking through my doors or joining online.
For the past 15 years I have been solely focused on children and their families. It is hard when we realize that sometimes we need a little help, and that parenting can be a challenge. When we see our children struggle, it can be heartbreaking. I am here to lend a hand to that struggle and help your child understand what is going on internally, gain the coping skills needed, and strengthen the family bond. Strengths can be found in all of us, even when they are hidden deep. As adults, having someone to talk to without judgement is beneficial. You will always be respected and valued walking through my doors or joining online.
(207) 945-7497 View (207) 945-7497
Photo of Kristen Bennett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kristen Bennett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sanford, ME 04073
Hi, I’m so glad you’re here. Reaching out for therapy is a big deal and a powerful first step. I know it can feel intimidating, but the fact that you’re even considering it shows strength and self-awareness. I’ve spent the 15 years supporting individuals and families through all sorts of experiences. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in mutual respect. Therapy with me isn’t about judgment. It’s about making space for your story, sorting through what feels overwhelming or find strategies that help you feel more steady and in control.
Hi, I’m so glad you’re here. Reaching out for therapy is a big deal and a powerful first step. I know it can feel intimidating, but the fact that you’re even considering it shows strength and self-awareness. I’ve spent the 15 years supporting individuals and families through all sorts of experiences. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in mutual respect. Therapy with me isn’t about judgment. It’s about making space for your story, sorting through what feels overwhelming or find strategies that help you feel more steady and in control.
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Photo of Paul J Sturmer, Psychologist, PhD
Paul J Sturmer
Psychologist, PhD
Sanford, ME 04073
Not accepting new clients
I provide individual and couples therapy for adults and adolescents. My treatment orientation is cognitive-behavioral in nature meaning that we will mostly work on emotional awareness and understanding, acceptance, and coping skills. I strive to provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for clients to work on their problems. I create an atmosphere that is relaxed and like to mix humor in when appropriate. I encourage my clients to express feelings and needs about their treatment so we can make changes to enhance treatment.
I provide individual and couples therapy for adults and adolescents. My treatment orientation is cognitive-behavioral in nature meaning that we will mostly work on emotional awareness and understanding, acceptance, and coping skills. I strive to provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for clients to work on their problems. I create an atmosphere that is relaxed and like to mix humor in when appropriate. I encourage my clients to express feelings and needs about their treatment so we can make changes to enhance treatment.
(207) 517-2799 View (207) 517-2799
Photo of Stephanie Dax Morrow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stephanie Dax Morrow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sanford, ME 04073
I provide in person equine assisted psychotherapy and ecotherapy and traditional therapy via telehealth to adults. My approach to therapy is strengths based and client driven. You are the expert on you and my goal is to partner with you and support you in finding what works for you. My focus is helping people learn to reparent their inner child and step into self leadership to address family of origin issues, developmental trauma, attachment disruptions, anxiety, life transitions, relationship challenges, and self-esteem.
I provide in person equine assisted psychotherapy and ecotherapy and traditional therapy via telehealth to adults. My approach to therapy is strengths based and client driven. You are the expert on you and my goal is to partner with you and support you in finding what works for you. My focus is helping people learn to reparent their inner child and step into self leadership to address family of origin issues, developmental trauma, attachment disruptions, anxiety, life transitions, relationship challenges, and self-esteem.
(207) 560-0582 View (207) 560-0582
Photo of Jeannin M Thibodeau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jeannin M Thibodeau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Jeannin Thibodeau, LCSW at Forest Light Psychotherapy - Accepting new clients. Im a Licensed therapist in Maine and Florida, I've professionally counseled individuals full-time since 2013. My approach is person-centered, collaborative and strengths based. Providing secure internet-based therapy for women, young adults, middle aged adults, and elders. Also offering online or phone therapy for folks with life threatening illnesses such as cancer and end of life counseling.
Jeannin Thibodeau, LCSW at Forest Light Psychotherapy - Accepting new clients. Im a Licensed therapist in Maine and Florida, I've professionally counseled individuals full-time since 2013. My approach is person-centered, collaborative and strengths based. Providing secure internet-based therapy for women, young adults, middle aged adults, and elders. Also offering online or phone therapy for folks with life threatening illnesses such as cancer and end of life counseling.
(207) 218-0580 View (207) 218-0580
Photo of Dr. Dean Leav - Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Sanford, ME 04073
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(877) 560-6372 View (877) 560-6372
Photo of Deborah Walsh, Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, MS, LPC
Deborah Walsh
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you long for greater fulfillment in your personal relationships or at work? Are you considering a career change? Do you want to apply your professional skills and strengths in more rewarding and competitive ways?  The focus of my counseling is on the Transitions - planned and unplanned, that we encounter in life. These may involve life changes, education, career, or health matters, among other things. I can help you identify and build on your strengths and resilience for greater success and happiness as you move forward in your relationships.
Do you long for greater fulfillment in your personal relationships or at work? Are you considering a career change? Do you want to apply your professional skills and strengths in more rewarding and competitive ways?  The focus of my counseling is on the Transitions - planned and unplanned, that we encounter in life. These may involve life changes, education, career, or health matters, among other things. I can help you identify and build on your strengths and resilience for greater success and happiness as you move forward in your relationships.
(207) 358-6189 View (207) 358-6189
Photo of Juleen Ann Chiaradonna, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Juleen Ann Chiaradonna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Online Only
Are you looking for something "outside the box"? Do you feel "therapy" doesn't work and/or have had unhelpful experiences w it in the past? Are you ready to stop resisting and start going with your own intuitive flow? If you made it here, chances are you answered yes to these, so welcome! I love working with highly motivated people that are ready to take their lives to the next level and are ready to shed resistance for flow and ease, no matter what they have been through before.
Are you looking for something "outside the box"? Do you feel "therapy" doesn't work and/or have had unhelpful experiences w it in the past? Are you ready to stop resisting and start going with your own intuitive flow? If you made it here, chances are you answered yes to these, so welcome! I love working with highly motivated people that are ready to take their lives to the next level and are ready to shed resistance for flow and ease, no matter what they have been through before.
(603) 387-4388 View (603) 387-4388
Photo of Elyse Dinan Schappert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Elyse Dinan Schappert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Currently have a waitlist for new clients. Have you found it difficult to connect with therapists in the past, or do you feel hesitant about beginning therapy? If so, you’re not alone. In sessions, I strive to create a safe, supportive space where you can explore your past and present to build the future you want. Together, we can work through any issues you may be experiencing, such as: anxiety, mood disorders, depressive symptoms, traumatic experiences, and challenges such as negative self-talk, perfectionism, and relationship difficulties. If this resonates with you, I encourage you to reach out.
Currently have a waitlist for new clients. Have you found it difficult to connect with therapists in the past, or do you feel hesitant about beginning therapy? If so, you’re not alone. In sessions, I strive to create a safe, supportive space where you can explore your past and present to build the future you want. Together, we can work through any issues you may be experiencing, such as: anxiety, mood disorders, depressive symptoms, traumatic experiences, and challenges such as negative self-talk, perfectionism, and relationship difficulties. If this resonates with you, I encourage you to reach out.
(603) 716-9871 View (603) 716-9871
Photo of Jamie Larsen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PMH-C, IMH-E
Jamie Larsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PMH-C, IMH-E
Online Only
Are you a woman struggling with the complexities of biological, environmental, societal and relational pressures? Or, are you having difficulty with the demands of life and feeling physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausted? You are not alone in this. As women, we live in a society that constantly implies that who we are isn’t enough. But, change is possible. Over the years I’ve developed a specialty working with women who are pregnant or have recently given birth, are struggling with depression, anxiety or self-esteem, or who have a history of experiencing childhood trauma. Oftentimes, my clients identify with all of these.
Are you a woman struggling with the complexities of biological, environmental, societal and relational pressures? Or, are you having difficulty with the demands of life and feeling physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausted? You are not alone in this. As women, we live in a society that constantly implies that who we are isn’t enough. But, change is possible. Over the years I’ve developed a specialty working with women who are pregnant or have recently given birth, are struggling with depression, anxiety or self-esteem, or who have a history of experiencing childhood trauma. Oftentimes, my clients identify with all of these.
(207) 605-5050 View (207) 605-5050
Photo of Joey Guarnaccia, Pre-Licensed Professional, CICSW, MSW
Joey Guarnaccia
Pre-Licensed Professional, CICSW, MSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My practice is now accepting Wellsense and NH Healthy Families as additional insurance payment options. I enjoy working with emerging adults and adults who are navigating life’s challenges and seeking greater self-understanding, healing, and growth. Whether someone is exploring their identity, going through a life transition, or feeling stuck, I strive to create a space that is supportive, nonjudgmental, and empowering.
My practice is now accepting Wellsense and NH Healthy Families as additional insurance payment options. I enjoy working with emerging adults and adults who are navigating life’s challenges and seeking greater self-understanding, healing, and growth. Whether someone is exploring their identity, going through a life transition, or feeling stuck, I strive to create a space that is supportive, nonjudgmental, and empowering.
(620) 449-3948 View (620) 449-3948
Photo of Sharon L Audet, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sharon L Audet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life is challenging and it just never stays the same! Sometimes we find ourselves in a rough patch where old patterns of behavior just don't work anymore but we don't know what else to do. I believe it's my job to help you find your way through to new answers and behaviors that serve you better. To me, the work of therapy is to find the courage within to change the things that you can, the acceptance to live with what you cannot and most importantly, to figure out which is which! I believe it is my role to help you find your way through this with compassion, humor and insight.
Life is challenging and it just never stays the same! Sometimes we find ourselves in a rough patch where old patterns of behavior just don't work anymore but we don't know what else to do. I believe it's my job to help you find your way through to new answers and behaviors that serve you better. To me, the work of therapy is to find the courage within to change the things that you can, the acceptance to live with what you cannot and most importantly, to figure out which is which! I believe it is my role to help you find your way through this with compassion, humor and insight.
(207) 482-0521 View (207) 482-0521
Photo of Ashleigh Locklear, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Ashleigh Locklear
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
***Not accepting new clients at this time*** As a therapist, my passion is helping women navigate the many stresses and curveballs life throws at us. Society expects a lot of women and its impossible to meet all of those expectations. I am here to help you determine what makes you thrive and help build your confidence to take the steps to reach your dreams. Together we will find your calm, bring out your inner strength, and work to balance the many roles you have.
***Not accepting new clients at this time*** As a therapist, my passion is helping women navigate the many stresses and curveballs life throws at us. Society expects a lot of women and its impossible to meet all of those expectations. I am here to help you determine what makes you thrive and help build your confidence to take the steps to reach your dreams. Together we will find your calm, bring out your inner strength, and work to balance the many roles you have.
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Photo of Parker Blaney, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, LADC
Parker Blaney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, LADC
Serves Area
Hello and welcome. I have been a counselor for forty years and have experience in a variety of different settings. This is what I have learned during that time: I don't have all the answers, but I believe strongly that you do, and I can help you sort through your life and try and figure out what is best for you. One size doesn't fit all in my eclectic way of practice. If you are looking for step-by-step instructions on how to feel better, I'm probably not for you. People are more empowered and satisfied when they discover their own resilience and creativity and a way forward, with a counselor's help. That is what I strive to do.
Hello and welcome. I have been a counselor for forty years and have experience in a variety of different settings. This is what I have learned during that time: I don't have all the answers, but I believe strongly that you do, and I can help you sort through your life and try and figure out what is best for you. One size doesn't fit all in my eclectic way of practice. If you are looking for step-by-step instructions on how to feel better, I'm probably not for you. People are more empowered and satisfied when they discover their own resilience and creativity and a way forward, with a counselor's help. That is what I strive to do.
(207) 393-2411 View (207) 393-2411
Photo of Megan Ryan-Spofford, Pre-Licensed Professional
Megan Ryan-Spofford
Pre-Licensed Professional
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
We all walk individual paths, yet some of us crave deeper self-knowledge, inner-peace, and more balance within our lives. I enjoy working with women and older adults who seek MEANING and JOY within the day to day. Whether dealing with a significant life transition, anxiety, depression, grief & loss, end-of-life preparedness, religious trauma, or moral injury, I am honored to support you as walk your journey. Together, we can determine what matters most to you, identify your unique goals, and then map out the course to get there.
We all walk individual paths, yet some of us crave deeper self-knowledge, inner-peace, and more balance within our lives. I enjoy working with women and older adults who seek MEANING and JOY within the day to day. Whether dealing with a significant life transition, anxiety, depression, grief & loss, end-of-life preparedness, religious trauma, or moral injury, I am honored to support you as walk your journey. Together, we can determine what matters most to you, identify your unique goals, and then map out the course to get there.
(207) 231-3580 View (207) 231-3580
Photo of Anna Biasin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Anna Biasin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi, I'm Anna, I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach to therapy is relational, guided by empathy, respect, and collaboration. Do you feel connected to your needs? Maybe you’re experiencing challenging conflict in your relationships, or you’re navigating life transitions, and would benefit from an objective, yet thoughtful, perspective. Or maybe you’re facing feelings of shame or self-doubt and would like to work on self-compassion. Whatever brought you here today, I am interested in hearing more.
Hi, I'm Anna, I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach to therapy is relational, guided by empathy, respect, and collaboration. Do you feel connected to your needs? Maybe you’re experiencing challenging conflict in your relationships, or you’re navigating life transitions, and would benefit from an objective, yet thoughtful, perspective. Or maybe you’re facing feelings of shame or self-doubt and would like to work on self-compassion. Whatever brought you here today, I am interested in hearing more.
(207) 387-8422 View (207) 387-8422
Photo of Christy A. Cole - Wayfinder Wellness and Psychotherapy Services, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Wayfinder Wellness and Psychotherapy Services
Counselor, MA, LCPC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
At Wayfinder, we strongly believe that the quality of the relationship a person has with their therapist is the most important factor for successful therapy. When we begin our work together, you will find that we are open-minded, non-judgmental, compassionate, and understanding. Our work is holistic in nature, as we believe that all aspects of our lives have a huge impact on the way that we feel and how we function in the world. With guidance, coaching, and support, we will work together to help you to attain your goals and create a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
At Wayfinder, we strongly believe that the quality of the relationship a person has with their therapist is the most important factor for successful therapy. When we begin our work together, you will find that we are open-minded, non-judgmental, compassionate, and understanding. Our work is holistic in nature, as we believe that all aspects of our lives have a huge impact on the way that we feel and how we function in the world. With guidance, coaching, and support, we will work together to help you to attain your goals and create a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sanford, ME

30+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Sanford, ME who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
85% Coping Skills
79% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Anthem
72% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sanford, ME see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
11% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sanford?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.