Therapists in Westminster, MD

Photo of Andi O'Connell, MA, CAS, LCPC
Andi O'Connell
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, CAS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westminster, MD 21157
Hi there, I'm so glad you're here! I want you to know that whatever challenge brings you here, you don't have to face it alone. Many of my clients feel stuck, stressed, or unsure about what next step to take in their life. Together, we can help you find your calm, purpose, and strength to tackle your next endeavor. In this fast-paced world, it is so easy to lose touch with what makes us our best selves. I'm here to challenge you to step away from societal expectations and listen to what truly feels good to YOU! I am also a firm believer that mental health is best addressed holistically by evaluating relational and physical health.
Hi there, I'm so glad you're here! I want you to know that whatever challenge brings you here, you don't have to face it alone. Many of my clients feel stuck, stressed, or unsure about what next step to take in their life. Together, we can help you find your calm, purpose, and strength to tackle your next endeavor. In this fast-paced world, it is so easy to lose touch with what makes us our best selves. I'm here to challenge you to step away from societal expectations and listen to what truly feels good to YOU! I am also a firm believer that mental health is best addressed holistically by evaluating relational and physical health.
(443) 331-9050 View (443) 331-9050
Photo of Ericka Walters, LCSW-C, RYT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ericka Walters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, RYT
Verified Verified
Westminster, MD 21157
Welcome! I am a licensed therapist in Maryland and Pennsylvania with a background in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction. My approach combines traditional therapeutic methods with holistic practices to address the full spectrum of mind, body, and spirit. Alongside my clinical work, I am also a certified yoga teacher and a Reiki practitioner, which allows me to integrate mindfulness and energy healing into our sessions. I believe in the profound impact of the mind-body connection on our well-being. Together, we’ll work to uncover underlying patterns, explore new coping strategies, and create a path to healing.
Welcome! I am a licensed therapist in Maryland and Pennsylvania with a background in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction. My approach combines traditional therapeutic methods with holistic practices to address the full spectrum of mind, body, and spirit. Alongside my clinical work, I am also a certified yoga teacher and a Reiki practitioner, which allows me to integrate mindfulness and energy healing into our sessions. I believe in the profound impact of the mind-body connection on our well-being. Together, we’ll work to uncover underlying patterns, explore new coping strategies, and create a path to healing.
(443) 232-2922 View (443) 232-2922
Photo of Robyn Heydari, LCPC
Robyn Heydari
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westminster, MD 21157
As an experienced trauma-informed counselor, I work with clients to explore the roots of their challenges and cultivate the life they desire. I utilize creative and expressive arts approaches alongside evidence-based modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to tailor our sessions to your unique needs. I believe that you are the expert of your own experience, and my role is to facilitate a safe and nurturing space for you to reflect and discover the answers that reside within you. Together, we will explore your thoughts and feelings, empowering you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery.
As an experienced trauma-informed counselor, I work with clients to explore the roots of their challenges and cultivate the life they desire. I utilize creative and expressive arts approaches alongside evidence-based modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to tailor our sessions to your unique needs. I believe that you are the expert of your own experience, and my role is to facilitate a safe and nurturing space for you to reflect and discover the answers that reside within you. Together, we will explore your thoughts and feelings, empowering you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery.
(667) 247-9220 View (667) 247-9220
Photo of Emma M Davis - Path to Peace Wellness, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Path to Peace Wellness
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westminster, MD 21157
Therapy is not a solo mission; instead, it is a relationship built on trust. We work with you to uncover your goals and empower you to make positive changes in your life. We believe in taking a collaborative, strength-based approach with our clients. We have therapists that specialize in a variety of evidence based approaches such as mindfulness, CBT, DBT, art and play therapy. Our goal is to meet you where you are and help you get to where you want to be.
Therapy is not a solo mission; instead, it is a relationship built on trust. We work with you to uncover your goals and empower you to make positive changes in your life. We believe in taking a collaborative, strength-based approach with our clients. We have therapists that specialize in a variety of evidence based approaches such as mindfulness, CBT, DBT, art and play therapy. Our goal is to meet you where you are and help you get to where you want to be.
(443) 201-7662 View (443) 201-7662
Photo of Alayne Holland, MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alayne Holland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Online Only
Owner of Frame of Mind Therapy, LLC. Although I have a special place in my heart working with kids, I have experience in & thoroughly enjoy working with any demographic. I began my career working with low income families through the Children's Guild. I then moved to a private practice, gaining experience in working with young & older adults, with a variety of backgrounds. I've helped many dive deep into their past & manage many identified concerns, including depression, anxiety, ADHD, & interpersonal issues. You can find me on secure.helloalma.com/providers/alayne-holland/ to request a consultation.
Owner of Frame of Mind Therapy, LLC. Although I have a special place in my heart working with kids, I have experience in & thoroughly enjoy working with any demographic. I began my career working with low income families through the Children's Guild. I then moved to a private practice, gaining experience in working with young & older adults, with a variety of backgrounds. I've helped many dive deep into their past & manage many identified concerns, including depression, anxiety, ADHD, & interpersonal issues. You can find me on secure.helloalma.com/providers/alayne-holland/ to request a consultation.
(240) 719-5916 View (240) 719-5916
Photo of Karen Ann Harvis, MS, RN, CS-P
Karen Ann Harvis
MS, RN, CS-P
Verified Verified
Westminster, MD 21157
Let me start by saying I love what I do and always have. I have been a therapist for over 30 years. In fact I retired and then came back to it. I love working with adults including clients over 65 years old. I have had many years of experience working with with elderly clients. I am a Certified Clinical Nurse Specialist and my nursing background alerts me when someone is having not only symptoms of depression or anxiety but may have a medical problem overlaying these symptoms. Allow me the pleasure of helping you to live a better life.
Let me start by saying I love what I do and always have. I have been a therapist for over 30 years. In fact I retired and then came back to it. I love working with adults including clients over 65 years old. I have had many years of experience working with with elderly clients. I am a Certified Clinical Nurse Specialist and my nursing background alerts me when someone is having not only symptoms of depression or anxiety but may have a medical problem overlaying these symptoms. Allow me the pleasure of helping you to live a better life.
(443) 201-7327 View (443) 201-7327
Photo of Christopher Stephens, LCPC, CAC-AD
Christopher Stephens
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CAC-AD
Verified Verified
Westminster, MD 21157
Christopher Stephens has experience working with clients in both inpatient and outpatient settings; he is credentialed to treat indviduals experiencing mental health symptoms and co-occurring substance use issues. Christopher champions an approach that includes Person-Centered, Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) modalities and has had success working alongside clients in a range of developmental stages from late adolescence into late adulthood. He is a clinician that is determined to place the client first to deliver the best results imaginable!
Christopher Stephens has experience working with clients in both inpatient and outpatient settings; he is credentialed to treat indviduals experiencing mental health symptoms and co-occurring substance use issues. Christopher champions an approach that includes Person-Centered, Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) modalities and has had success working alongside clients in a range of developmental stages from late adolescence into late adulthood. He is a clinician that is determined to place the client first to deliver the best results imaginable!
(667) 243-9629 View (667) 243-9629
Photo of Stephnie Thomas - Stephnie Thomas, LCPC, MS, NCC, LCPC
Stephnie Thomas, LCPC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Westminster, MD 21157
Not accepting new clients
MY PRIVATE PRACTICE IS CURRENTLY FULL. My specialty is coming alongside clients who experience overwhelming anxiety in everyday life situations and helping them learn new ways to approach and defuse the anxiety they experience. I also work with clients with OCD, PTSD, fear of flying, and other life challenges. I see adults and children (11 years and older preferred). When working with children and young adults, I generally use a systems-oriented approach, as I believe you cannot separate a child from the family and environment in which they function. Clients of all gender/ sexual orientation are welcome.
MY PRIVATE PRACTICE IS CURRENTLY FULL. My specialty is coming alongside clients who experience overwhelming anxiety in everyday life situations and helping them learn new ways to approach and defuse the anxiety they experience. I also work with clients with OCD, PTSD, fear of flying, and other life challenges. I see adults and children (11 years and older preferred). When working with children and young adults, I generally use a systems-oriented approach, as I believe you cannot separate a child from the family and environment in which they function. Clients of all gender/ sexual orientation are welcome.
(410) 231-3959 View (410) 231-3959
Photo of Molly Letsch, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Molly Letsch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Online Only
Therapy is a unique relationship that allows you to discover who you really are and the patterns that shape your life. It can foster emotional growth, affirm your identity and curiosity, and gently challenge you to create change. As a therapist who values a deep and meaningful connection with my clients, I offer a safe, authentic space that invites the process of healing to begin. Whether you face difficulty coping with anxiety, life transitions or negative body image, have a tendency to experience the same problems repeatedly, feel stuck, or just want to increase self-awareness and gain insight, I will meet you where you are.
Therapy is a unique relationship that allows you to discover who you really are and the patterns that shape your life. It can foster emotional growth, affirm your identity and curiosity, and gently challenge you to create change. As a therapist who values a deep and meaningful connection with my clients, I offer a safe, authentic space that invites the process of healing to begin. Whether you face difficulty coping with anxiety, life transitions or negative body image, have a tendency to experience the same problems repeatedly, feel stuck, or just want to increase self-awareness and gain insight, I will meet you where you are.
(410) 775-5689 View (410) 775-5689
Photo of Colleen M Felix, MS, LCPC, SOTC, Counselor
Colleen M Felix
Counselor, MS, LCPC, SOTC
Verified Verified
Online Only
When things are not working out that is when people look for a website like this one. I provide treatment for a variety of mental health issues specializing in anxiety, depression, abuse, abuser intervention and low self-esteem. I believe that everyone has an innate ability to heal. I customize my approach on an individual basis emphasizing an individuals strengths. My view on therapy is that it is a partnership building on the strengths and values or the client to foster growth and wellness.
When things are not working out that is when people look for a website like this one. I provide treatment for a variety of mental health issues specializing in anxiety, depression, abuse, abuser intervention and low self-esteem. I believe that everyone has an innate ability to heal. I customize my approach on an individual basis emphasizing an individuals strengths. My view on therapy is that it is a partnership building on the strengths and values or the client to foster growth and wellness.
(301) 684-8043 View (301) 684-8043
Photo of Tina Brown, LCPC, CDBT
Tina Brown
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CDBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Chances are, if you are looking at this site, you have become increasingly aware of your desire to make changes in your life, and have decided to take action. Good for you! For more than 10 years, I have joined with clients, accompanying them throughout the process of creating inner growth, compassionate self-awareness, and lasting change. I meet each person where they are on their unique journey, and gently guide them to a place of calm within along the way. It is from this place that I believe life's challenges can most successfully be met.
Chances are, if you are looking at this site, you have become increasingly aware of your desire to make changes in your life, and have decided to take action. Good for you! For more than 10 years, I have joined with clients, accompanying them throughout the process of creating inner growth, compassionate self-awareness, and lasting change. I meet each person where they are on their unique journey, and gently guide them to a place of calm within along the way. It is from this place that I believe life's challenges can most successfully be met.
(443) 453-5844 View (443) 453-5844
Photo of Alexandra Goerl Rickeman, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alexandra Goerl Rickeman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westminster, MD 21157
I help people communicate effectively and build better connections with the ones they love. I see individuals and couples. For those who are experiencing fighting, betrayal or 'falling out of love,' I help you rebuild the the relationship you've been craving. I coach you in opening lines of communication, gaining insight into yourselves and achieving the relationship goals you set. Some couples who see me are looking for a safe place to talk because they are considering separation/divorce; I help them share their worries, process the range of feeling and prioritize their children's well-being during this difficult family time.
I help people communicate effectively and build better connections with the ones they love. I see individuals and couples. For those who are experiencing fighting, betrayal or 'falling out of love,' I help you rebuild the the relationship you've been craving. I coach you in opening lines of communication, gaining insight into yourselves and achieving the relationship goals you set. Some couples who see me are looking for a safe place to talk because they are considering separation/divorce; I help them share their worries, process the range of feeling and prioritize their children's well-being during this difficult family time.
(410) 861-5547 View (410) 861-5547
Photo of Laura S. Lane - Laura Lane Therapy, LCPC
Laura Lane Therapy
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westminster, MD 21157
I have worked with many clients who have experienced trauma as children, & teens and this emotional pain haunts them for years. Sometimes they know the reason for the emotional pain but often the reason is buried and all they have are the overwhelming feelings of depression, anxiety, panic attacks, fear, worthlessness, shame, and more. These feelings have them paralyzed, often unable to hold down a job or be in a relationship. I've worked with many of these clients to help them discover the cause of these feelings, to talk about the emotional pain, to help them heal. I offer Christian Counseling to those who are interested.
I have worked with many clients who have experienced trauma as children, & teens and this emotional pain haunts them for years. Sometimes they know the reason for the emotional pain but often the reason is buried and all they have are the overwhelming feelings of depression, anxiety, panic attacks, fear, worthlessness, shame, and more. These feelings have them paralyzed, often unable to hold down a job or be in a relationship. I've worked with many of these clients to help them discover the cause of these feelings, to talk about the emotional pain, to help them heal. I offer Christian Counseling to those who are interested.
(443) 251-3930 View (443) 251-3930
Photo of Alena R. Alsruhe, MA, LCPC, NCC, CPT, Counselor
Alena R. Alsruhe
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC, CPT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, it is wonderful to connect with you! I want you to know that whatever life challenge is in front of you now, I believe there is hope. My desire is to be able to listen and encourage you during this season of life. I want to foster a relationship of trust in order to promote a life change that you can feel passionate about. I am a graduate of the McDaniel College Masters Program in Counseling. I have 7 years of combined School Counseling and School Therapy experience and 7 years in the clinical counseling field. I currently work with clients 18 and up!
Hello, it is wonderful to connect with you! I want you to know that whatever life challenge is in front of you now, I believe there is hope. My desire is to be able to listen and encourage you during this season of life. I want to foster a relationship of trust in order to promote a life change that you can feel passionate about. I am a graduate of the McDaniel College Masters Program in Counseling. I have 7 years of combined School Counseling and School Therapy experience and 7 years in the clinical counseling field. I currently work with clients 18 and up!
(443) 233-6756 View (443) 233-6756
Photo of Rachel Baldwin, MS, Counselor
Rachel Baldwin
Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Online Only
I work with adults who experience trauma, parents with burn out from special needs children, teachers, and first responders. My goal as a counselor is to compassionately help you with processing, healing, and understanding your emotional, behavioral, psychological, and cultural self as a whole mind and body approach. I utilize creative expressive therapy, humanistic, and positive-solution focus within a cognitive behavioral therapy approach.
I work with adults who experience trauma, parents with burn out from special needs children, teachers, and first responders. My goal as a counselor is to compassionately help you with processing, healing, and understanding your emotional, behavioral, psychological, and cultural self as a whole mind and body approach. I utilize creative expressive therapy, humanistic, and positive-solution focus within a cognitive behavioral therapy approach.
(443) 727-1248 View (443) 727-1248
Photo of Kristin Allen, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristin Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Westminster, MD 21157
I am a compassionate therapist who can help you affect positive change in your life. In completing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and similar types of therapy, you will learn how to modify your thoughts and behaviors in ways that will empower you to improve your mental health. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is well researched as one of the most effective therapeutic approaches and can be applied to most mental health conditions and stressors in your life.
I am a compassionate therapist who can help you affect positive change in your life. In completing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and similar types of therapy, you will learn how to modify your thoughts and behaviors in ways that will empower you to improve your mental health. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is well researched as one of the most effective therapeutic approaches and can be applied to most mental health conditions and stressors in your life.
(443) 789-6277 View (443) 789-6277
Photo of Aubrey Spanitz, MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aubrey Spanitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello there! I'm Aubrey. Congratulations on taking that courageous first step towards seeking support on your journey to becoming your best self. Navigating life transitions and relationships can be quite anxiety-provoking, isolating, and overwhelming. In today's hectic society, I aspire to provide a safe and judgment-free space where we can collaboratively address these challenges. I believe in empowering my clients to tap into their innate resilience and strengths to move forward.
Hello there! I'm Aubrey. Congratulations on taking that courageous first step towards seeking support on your journey to becoming your best self. Navigating life transitions and relationships can be quite anxiety-provoking, isolating, and overwhelming. In today's hectic society, I aspire to provide a safe and judgment-free space where we can collaboratively address these challenges. I believe in empowering my clients to tap into their innate resilience and strengths to move forward.
(667) 307-8176 View (667) 307-8176
Photo of Josh Foster, LCPC, Counselor
Josh Foster
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You were taught to "lean not on your own understanding" and kissed dating goodbye, but now you’re left with guilt, shame, and a loss of self. Are you struggling to find peace after leaving a religious environment that shaped your life? Maybe you find it hard to trust your own voice after years of being told not to. If you’re carrying the weight of religious trauma, you’re not alone—and healing is possible. I left the evangelical world after 35+ years of being in it. I understand the deep emotions of leaving a belief system and I’ve walked that path and now guide others toward healing, self-trust, and freedom.
You were taught to "lean not on your own understanding" and kissed dating goodbye, but now you’re left with guilt, shame, and a loss of self. Are you struggling to find peace after leaving a religious environment that shaped your life? Maybe you find it hard to trust your own voice after years of being told not to. If you’re carrying the weight of religious trauma, you’re not alone—and healing is possible. I left the evangelical world after 35+ years of being in it. I understand the deep emotions of leaving a belief system and I’ve walked that path and now guide others toward healing, self-trust, and freedom.
(410) 834-3647 View (410) 834-3647
Photo of Heather M Stackus, MEd, LCPC, NCC, NCSC, Counselor
Heather M Stackus
Counselor, MEd, LCPC, NCC, NCSC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with children, adults, families, and couples. I work to help strengthen the development of parenting skills, boundary setting, communication, decision making and behavioral management. I assist with the development of emotional intelligence including self-awareness, self-regulation, social skills, and empathy for others. For children, I see ages 3+.
I work with children, adults, families, and couples. I work to help strengthen the development of parenting skills, boundary setting, communication, decision making and behavioral management. I assist with the development of emotional intelligence including self-awareness, self-regulation, social skills, and empathy for others. For children, I see ages 3+.
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Photo of Heather Mae Stackus, MEd, LCPC, NCC, NCSC, Counselor
Heather Mae Stackus
Counselor, MEd, LCPC, NCC, NCSC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I specialize in working with children! I do see adults, families, and couples to help strengthen parenting skills, boundary setting, communication, decision making, and behavioral management. I assist with the development of emotional intelligence including self-awareness, self-regulation, social skills, and empathy for others. I see ages 3+. I offer reunification therapy and family counseling for high conflict cases.
I specialize in working with children! I do see adults, families, and couples to help strengthen parenting skills, boundary setting, communication, decision making, and behavioral management. I assist with the development of emotional intelligence including self-awareness, self-regulation, social skills, and empathy for others. I see ages 3+. I offer reunification therapy and family counseling for high conflict cases.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Westminster, MD

100+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Westminster, MD who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% CareFirst
73% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Westminster, MD see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

90% Female
9% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Westminster?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.