Therapists in Severn, MD

Photo of Shannon MacTurk, MA, LCPC
Shannon MacTurk
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you struggling with symptoms such as depression, anxiety, anger, or low self-esteem? Do you often feel overwhelmed, disconnected, and trapped in negative thought patterns, and seek stability, a sense of control, and relief from emotional pain ? Imagine what your life would be like if you could rebuild self-worth, find peace, improve relationships, and regain hope. In making a commitment to yourself and treatment, it IS possible for you to break free from the cycle of trauma and stress, reduce emotional intensity, and develop healthier coping mechanisms to navigate life with more confidence and resilience.
Are you struggling with symptoms such as depression, anxiety, anger, or low self-esteem? Do you often feel overwhelmed, disconnected, and trapped in negative thought patterns, and seek stability, a sense of control, and relief from emotional pain ? Imagine what your life would be like if you could rebuild self-worth, find peace, improve relationships, and regain hope. In making a commitment to yourself and treatment, it IS possible for you to break free from the cycle of trauma and stress, reduce emotional intensity, and develop healthier coping mechanisms to navigate life with more confidence and resilience.
(443) 590-9813 x100 View (443) 590-9813 x100
Photo of Jessica J. Canales, MEd, LGPC
Jessica J. Canales
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a trauma therapist trained in EMDR, I specialize in helping individuals gently process and heal from difficult life experiences. My work is rooted in an attachment-based perspective, meaning I believe that feeling safe, understood, and connected in therapy is an essential part of healing. I work with teens, adults, veterans, and military-connected individuals to create a supportive space where you can explore your experiences and move toward meaningful healing. I strive to create a culturally responsive environment where every client feels seen and respected in the context of their identity, family systems, and lived experiences.
As a trauma therapist trained in EMDR, I specialize in helping individuals gently process and heal from difficult life experiences. My work is rooted in an attachment-based perspective, meaning I believe that feeling safe, understood, and connected in therapy is an essential part of healing. I work with teens, adults, veterans, and military-connected individuals to create a supportive space where you can explore your experiences and move toward meaningful healing. I strive to create a culturally responsive environment where every client feels seen and respected in the context of their identity, family systems, and lived experiences.
(571) 605-1718 View (571) 605-1718
Photo of Champ Moultrie, Counselor, LCPC
Champ Moultrie
Counselor, LCPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi my name is Champ Moultrie, and yes Champ is my real name. Even though I have not always felt like a “Champ,” I believe we all are looking for the “CHAMP” that resides deep on the inside of us. My service to you is transforming you or your marriage into the best version of itself. I typically do this through focusing on changing what creates the disconnection between you and the one you love. If you are ready to be the best of yourself, reach out let's work together! Can't wait to see you!
Hi my name is Champ Moultrie, and yes Champ is my real name. Even though I have not always felt like a “Champ,” I believe we all are looking for the “CHAMP” that resides deep on the inside of us. My service to you is transforming you or your marriage into the best version of itself. I typically do this through focusing on changing what creates the disconnection between you and the one you love. If you are ready to be the best of yourself, reach out let's work together! Can't wait to see you!
(240) 816-3327 View (240) 816-3327
Photo of Elaine Means Hill, Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Elaine Means Hill
Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Online Only
I get it! Life is hard and full of transitions. Some transitions are easy and leave you feeling good about yourself and the world. Others, become a series of complex challenges that often turn your life inside out. You start to feel lost and alone as you attempt to navigate the physical, emotional, mental and maybe even spiritual pressures of life. These transitions don’t have to be disastrous. Counseling sometimes presents an opportunity to view things from a different angle. Sometimes it’s all you need to return to normal or to find a “new normal.”
I get it! Life is hard and full of transitions. Some transitions are easy and leave you feeling good about yourself and the world. Others, become a series of complex challenges that often turn your life inside out. You start to feel lost and alone as you attempt to navigate the physical, emotional, mental and maybe even spiritual pressures of life. These transitions don’t have to be disastrous. Counseling sometimes presents an opportunity to view things from a different angle. Sometimes it’s all you need to return to normal or to find a “new normal.”
(240) 635-8429 View (240) 635-8429
Photo of Taylar Peterson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Taylar Peterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Online Only
At Anointed for Peace our mission is to provide therapeutic services in a safe and nurturing environment for teens and adults to explore and heal from the barriers that are preventing them from being the best versions of themselves.
At Anointed for Peace our mission is to provide therapeutic services in a safe and nurturing environment for teens and adults to explore and heal from the barriers that are preventing them from being the best versions of themselves.
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Photo of Candace Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, CCTP
Candace Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, CCTP
Online Only
Hi! I’m Candace and I am here to serve! I value the careful integration of psychology and spirituality that I believe makes up all humans. I love working with people that are seeking healing by way of engaging their heart, mind, body, soul, and spirit. I aim to help people struggling to discover their true worth, value, and purpose in this life, even at times when “life is life-ing.” I also have a passion for people looking to begin new, or improve current relationships in their life, and it starts with knowing your own self first. We can partner to start this healing journey together.
Hi! I’m Candace and I am here to serve! I value the careful integration of psychology and spirituality that I believe makes up all humans. I love working with people that are seeking healing by way of engaging their heart, mind, body, soul, and spirit. I aim to help people struggling to discover their true worth, value, and purpose in this life, even at times when “life is life-ing.” I also have a passion for people looking to begin new, or improve current relationships in their life, and it starts with knowing your own self first. We can partner to start this healing journey together.
(443) 390-5346 View (443) 390-5346
Photo of Lakeisha Terry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Lakeisha Terry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Online Only
L.R. Terry is a compassionate and skilled Cognitive Behavioral Therapist dedicated to helping individuals break free from limiting thought patterns and develop healthy coping strategies. With a client-centered approach, she creates a safe, nonjudgmental space for growth and self-discovery. L.R. Terry specializes in working with adults navigating anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and life transitions. Her sessions blend evidence-based CBT techniques with warmth, empathy, and practical tools that empower clients to take charge of their emotional well-being.
L.R. Terry is a compassionate and skilled Cognitive Behavioral Therapist dedicated to helping individuals break free from limiting thought patterns and develop healthy coping strategies. With a client-centered approach, she creates a safe, nonjudgmental space for growth and self-discovery. L.R. Terry specializes in working with adults navigating anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and life transitions. Her sessions blend evidence-based CBT techniques with warmth, empathy, and practical tools that empower clients to take charge of their emotional well-being.
(443) 363-5093 View (443) 363-5093
Photo of Baruch Glazer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Baruch Glazer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Online Only
Scheduling same week appointments. Most commerical insurances accepted! If anxiety, overthinking, or emotional overwhelm are taking up too much space in your life, therapy can help you regain a sense of calm and clarity. I take a holistic, collaborative approach that looks beyond symptoms to understand how stress, thoughts, relationships, and your nervous system interact. Together, we’ll build tools that support lasting change. When appropriate, I can help connect you with outside providers so your care feels well-rounded and supported, currently accepting new clients.
Scheduling same week appointments. Most commerical insurances accepted! If anxiety, overthinking, or emotional overwhelm are taking up too much space in your life, therapy can help you regain a sense of calm and clarity. I take a holistic, collaborative approach that looks beyond symptoms to understand how stress, thoughts, relationships, and your nervous system interact. Together, we’ll build tools that support lasting change. When appropriate, I can help connect you with outside providers so your care feels well-rounded and supported, currently accepting new clients.
(240) 875-4853 View (240) 875-4853
Photo of Kristilee Sheffler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Kristilee Sheffler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Online Only
Email for quicker response (Now Taking New Virtual Clients) For over a decade, I’ve had the privilege of sitting with people as they navigate the ups and downs of life. My approach is conversation-based, rooted in warmth and reflection, where clients feel truly heard and supported. I believe the healing process begins with open dialogue, meeting you right where you are, and moving forward together at a pace that feels safe and authentic.
Email for quicker response (Now Taking New Virtual Clients) For over a decade, I’ve had the privilege of sitting with people as they navigate the ups and downs of life. My approach is conversation-based, rooted in warmth and reflection, where clients feel truly heard and supported. I believe the healing process begins with open dialogue, meeting you right where you are, and moving forward together at a pace that feels safe and authentic.
(443) 429-1471 View (443) 429-1471
Photo of Augustus C Dickens - Moral Peak Mental Health & Wellness, LLC, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Moral Peak Mental Health & Wellness, LLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
Moral Peak Mental Health and Wellness, LLC, offers comprehensive telehealth therapeutic services and mental health medication management services for individuals and families. Our goal is to support all clients in overcoming a diverse range of mental health challenges.
Moral Peak Mental Health and Wellness, LLC, offers comprehensive telehealth therapeutic services and mental health medication management services for individuals and families. Our goal is to support all clients in overcoming a diverse range of mental health challenges.
(410) 498-5686 View (410) 498-5686
Photo of Baruch Glazer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Baruch Glazer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Online Only
Scheduling same week appointments. Most commercial insurances accepted! If anxiety, overthinking, or emotional overwhelm are taking up too much space in your life, therapy can help you regain a sense of calm and clarity. I take a holistic, collaborative approach that looks beyond symptoms to understand how stress, thoughts, relationships, and your nervous system interact. Together, we’ll build tools that support lasting change. When appropriate, I can help connect you with outside providers so your care feels well-rounded and supported, currently accepting new clients.
Scheduling same week appointments. Most commercial insurances accepted! If anxiety, overthinking, or emotional overwhelm are taking up too much space in your life, therapy can help you regain a sense of calm and clarity. I take a holistic, collaborative approach that looks beyond symptoms to understand how stress, thoughts, relationships, and your nervous system interact. Together, we’ll build tools that support lasting change. When appropriate, I can help connect you with outside providers so your care feels well-rounded and supported, currently accepting new clients.
(240) 557-8251 View (240) 557-8251
Photo of Samantha Lucky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Samantha Lucky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Severn, MD 21144
I have experience supporting women and children primarily, with trauma-informed care. I also have a concentration in geriatric mental health, counseling from The Word of God. This disclaimer does not negate my heart and professional intention to serve all people groups!
I have experience supporting women and children primarily, with trauma-informed care. I also have a concentration in geriatric mental health, counseling from The Word of God. This disclaimer does not negate my heart and professional intention to serve all people groups!
(443) 278-0636 View (443) 278-0636
Photo of Alice 'tina' Hunley, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Alice 'tina' Hunley
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
I have found my niche – my ideal client and that is you. You - who have a secret that you dare not reveal to even those closest to you. You - who feel stuck in a career and a life not of your own choosing. You - who, after years of marriage and raising children, find yourself quiet and alone. You - who knows that there is a hell because you attend it every day, but you call it school. If you are experiencing trauma, conflicts, difficult life challenges alone and isolated, I celebrate your determination to discover and develop a way of living more satisfying and fulfilling.
I have found my niche – my ideal client and that is you. You - who have a secret that you dare not reveal to even those closest to you. You - who feel stuck in a career and a life not of your own choosing. You - who, after years of marriage and raising children, find yourself quiet and alone. You - who knows that there is a hell because you attend it every day, but you call it school. If you are experiencing trauma, conflicts, difficult life challenges alone and isolated, I celebrate your determination to discover and develop a way of living more satisfying and fulfilling.
(443) 329-9668 View (443) 329-9668
Photo of Ovadia Golfeiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ovadia Golfeiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Serves Area
Same week appointments avaliable. Accepts Cigna, United Health Care, John Hopkins, Bluecross Blue Shield and more! You live with a constant fear that your intrusive thoughts are an indication of who you are, and that fear is terrifying. “What if” thinking and self-doubt follow you from the moment you wake up until you fall asleep. You feel exhausted from having to repeatedly prove to yourself that you do not agree with these thoughts, yet despite all your effort, you still find yourself engaging in rituals just to feel a sense
Same week appointments avaliable. Accepts Cigna, United Health Care, John Hopkins, Bluecross Blue Shield and more! You live with a constant fear that your intrusive thoughts are an indication of who you are, and that fear is terrifying. “What if” thinking and self-doubt follow you from the moment you wake up until you fall asleep. You feel exhausted from having to repeatedly prove to yourself that you do not agree with these thoughts, yet despite all your effort, you still find yourself engaging in rituals just to feel a sense
(240) 493-9924 View (240) 493-9924
Photo of Brenda Rosencrantz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Brenda Rosencrantz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Serves Area
Brenda takes a person-centered, solution-focused approach. She enjoys working together with individuals experiencing life transitions and challenges, helping them identify and work through barriers to achieve their personal goals. Brenda has worked with individuals experiencing issues associated with depression, anxiety, aging and caregiving, grief/loss, complex/chronic medical conditions, interpersonal relationships, workplace challenges, childhood sexual abuse and intellectual/developmental disabilities.
Brenda takes a person-centered, solution-focused approach. She enjoys working together with individuals experiencing life transitions and challenges, helping them identify and work through barriers to achieve their personal goals. Brenda has worked with individuals experiencing issues associated with depression, anxiety, aging and caregiving, grief/loss, complex/chronic medical conditions, interpersonal relationships, workplace challenges, childhood sexual abuse and intellectual/developmental disabilities.
(410) 755-5772 View (410) 755-5772
Denise Moreland
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, Board A
Serves Area
Denise Moreland, LPC, provides compassionate and effective care to adolescents, adults, and seniors across Maryland. She offers a supportive space where individuals can explore their challenges and work toward meaningful change. Through individual therapy, Denise helps clients address a wide range of concerns, guiding them with empathy and evidence-based strategies that promote healing and personal growth. Denise specializes in treating anxiety, depression, and PTSD/trauma, with additional expertise in supporting individuals living with bipolar disorder, eating disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Denise Moreland, LPC, provides compassionate and effective care to adolescents, adults, and seniors across Maryland. She offers a supportive space where individuals can explore their challenges and work toward meaningful change. Through individual therapy, Denise helps clients address a wide range of concerns, guiding them with empathy and evidence-based strategies that promote healing and personal growth. Denise specializes in treating anxiety, depression, and PTSD/trauma, with additional expertise in supporting individuals living with bipolar disorder, eating disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
(410) 927-1682 View (410) 927-1682
Photo of Nicole Berger, Psychologist, PsyD
Nicole Berger
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I’m a licensed clinical psychologist who works with children, adolescents, and adults navigating life’s challenges with a mix of humor, compassion, and honesty. My sessions are solution-focused and active, designed to help you make meaningful changes in your daily life while also creating space to explore the deeper emotions and experiences that shape who you are. I love working with people who are growth-oriented and open to being challenged. As a therapist, my goal is to help you get to know yourself — how you got here and how to make real changes toward improvement through reflection and concrete skills instruction.
I’m a licensed clinical psychologist who works with children, adolescents, and adults navigating life’s challenges with a mix of humor, compassion, and honesty. My sessions are solution-focused and active, designed to help you make meaningful changes in your daily life while also creating space to explore the deeper emotions and experiences that shape who you are. I love working with people who are growth-oriented and open to being challenged. As a therapist, my goal is to help you get to know yourself — how you got here and how to make real changes toward improvement through reflection and concrete skills instruction.
(410) 593-1046 View (410) 593-1046
Photo of Amy J. N. Bosworth, Psychologist, PsyD
Amy J. N. Bosworth
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Online Only
People find themselves considering therapy for a variety of reasons. Perhaps they find themselves struggling to find balance and acclimate to the many changes in our world today. They find it hard to sleep, stay focused or find motivation. All of a sudden completing tasks takes more effort. Others find it hard to build or maintain relationships with others. Expressing or regulating emotions can be more difficult. While we all have a host of coping strategies that we rely on to get us through life's challenging moments, during times of increased stress we sometimes find these strategies just don’t work as well as they did before.
People find themselves considering therapy for a variety of reasons. Perhaps they find themselves struggling to find balance and acclimate to the many changes in our world today. They find it hard to sleep, stay focused or find motivation. All of a sudden completing tasks takes more effort. Others find it hard to build or maintain relationships with others. Expressing or regulating emotions can be more difficult. While we all have a host of coping strategies that we rely on to get us through life's challenging moments, during times of increased stress we sometimes find these strategies just don’t work as well as they did before.
(410) 291-8210 View (410) 291-8210
Photo of Family Intervention Partners - Family Intervention Partners, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MD, LCPC, PMHNP, LCSW-C, PsyD
Family Intervention Partners
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MD, LCPC, PMHNP, LCSW-C, PsyD
Serves Area
Our practice consists of a team of licensed Drs, therapists, and social workers working together to provide the best mental healthcare services to our patients. We provide comprehensive Child, Adolescent and Adult psychiatric treatment, and psychotherapy in a non-judgmental, patient-centered environment. Our practitioners provide Assessments, Psychiatric Evaluation, Medication Management, and Psychotherapy for all ages. We treat Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorders, Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Childhood Trauma, Emotional Disorders, and Behavior Problems. WE ARE ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS.
Our practice consists of a team of licensed Drs, therapists, and social workers working together to provide the best mental healthcare services to our patients. We provide comprehensive Child, Adolescent and Adult psychiatric treatment, and psychotherapy in a non-judgmental, patient-centered environment. Our practitioners provide Assessments, Psychiatric Evaluation, Medication Management, and Psychotherapy for all ages. We treat Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorders, Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Childhood Trauma, Emotional Disorders, and Behavior Problems. WE ARE ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS.
(410) 291-1753 View (410) 291-1753
Photo of Deondra Smith - Breakthrough Therapeutic Concepts, LLC, Psychologist, PsyD
Breakthrough Therapeutic Concepts, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
BTConcepts is a group private, practice located in Anne Arundel County. We believe that every client, regardless of age, ethnicity/race, religion/spirituality, clinical presentation, or any cultural difference deserves to heard, respected and understood. At BTConcepts, we strive to uphold therapeutic values such as empathy, genuineness and respect, in the work that we do with our clients. As our client, we want you to feel a part of your therapeutic journey and empowered to continue the work once therapy has ended. It is important that you recognize that "YOU" are the pilot behind the wheel called life, and that we are your co-pilot! If you are stuck? Searching for answers? Desiring clarity? We can help!
BTConcepts is a group private, practice located in Anne Arundel County. We believe that every client, regardless of age, ethnicity/race, religion/spirituality, clinical presentation, or any cultural difference deserves to heard, respected and understood. At BTConcepts, we strive to uphold therapeutic values such as empathy, genuineness and respect, in the work that we do with our clients. As our client, we want you to feel a part of your therapeutic journey and empowered to continue the work once therapy has ended. It is important that you recognize that "YOU" are the pilot behind the wheel called life, and that we are your co-pilot! If you are stuck? Searching for answers? Desiring clarity? We can help!
(667) 303-2983 View (667) 303-2983

See more therapy options for Severn

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Severn, MD

50+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Severn, MD who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
82% Depression
63% Trauma and PTSD
58% Grief
54% Relationship Issues
51% Self Esteem
51% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Cigna and Evernorth
83% BlueCross and BlueShield
81% CareFirst

How Therapists in Severn, MD see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Severn?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.