Therapists in South Padre Island, TX

Photo of Jennifer E Pinkerton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in South Padre Island, TX
Jennifer E Pinkerton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCDC , EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Padre Island, TX 78597
I am a LCSW, LCDC, and Certified EMDR therapist providing in-person and tele-health therapeutic services across the state of Texas. I offer a holistic approach where we will explore the mind, body and spirit to develop a personalized path of healing and growth for you. I draw on multiple evidenced based and experiential treatment modalities, and client centered therapies to guide you in identifying your inner strengths to find solutions to elicit the change you desire. Let's discover your path to healing.
I am a LCSW, LCDC, and Certified EMDR therapist providing in-person and tele-health therapeutic services across the state of Texas. I offer a holistic approach where we will explore the mind, body and spirit to develop a personalized path of healing and growth for you. I draw on multiple evidenced based and experiential treatment modalities, and client centered therapies to guide you in identifying your inner strengths to find solutions to elicit the change you desire. Let's discover your path to healing.
(956) 476-3588 View (956) 476-3588
Photo of Terri L Beck, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Terri L Beck
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC, CHT, CPC, CPRC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
South Padre Island, TX 78597
I am a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor and Hypnotherapist and have been working in the mental health field for over 12 years. I imagine my ideal client has been feeling symptoms of anxiety, worry or depression or maybe life has hampered you from achieving your desires or goals. I provide in-person and tele-health sessions for those located in the state of Texas that have a desire to begin coping differently
I am a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor and Hypnotherapist and have been working in the mental health field for over 12 years. I imagine my ideal client has been feeling symptoms of anxiety, worry or depression or maybe life has hampered you from achieving your desires or goals. I provide in-person and tele-health sessions for those located in the state of Texas that have a desire to begin coping differently
(956) 450-7334 View (956) 450-7334
Photo of Marcos Kito Holtzman, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Marcos Kito Holtzman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S, LCDC
Verified Verified
South Padre Island, TX 78597
Over the last 20 years working as a psychotherapist, I have found that, we all long to be truly seen, heard, and understood; to experience real connection and be known by others. When these needs are not adequately met, it affects us deeply and may manifest as depression, anxiety, and many times addiction. Sometimes traumatic events occur in our lives, and we have difficulties creating or maintaining relationships. I'm here to help clear the trauma of the past or guide you through challenges of the present. I will help guide you in a way that is collaborative and centered on your goals and desires.
Over the last 20 years working as a psychotherapist, I have found that, we all long to be truly seen, heard, and understood; to experience real connection and be known by others. When these needs are not adequately met, it affects us deeply and may manifest as depression, anxiety, and many times addiction. Sometimes traumatic events occur in our lives, and we have difficulties creating or maintaining relationships. I'm here to help clear the trauma of the past or guide you through challenges of the present. I will help guide you in a way that is collaborative and centered on your goals and desires.
(512) 729-7544 View (512) 729-7544
Photo of Jarod Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Jarod Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Padre Island, TX 78597
While I've worked with clients across a broad spectrum of needs and therapeutic goals I have most often found a fit with clients seeking change in their lives in the context of a collaborative relationship in therapy. I emphasize the importance of purpose in a person's life to provide motivation for practical change, leveraging both the internal resources someone already possesses and the potential to develop much more. I want to focus with a client on lifestyle and attention to the wisdom that resides in the mind, body, and spirit as a part of the immense human capacity to grow and change.
While I've worked with clients across a broad spectrum of needs and therapeutic goals I have most often found a fit with clients seeking change in their lives in the context of a collaborative relationship in therapy. I emphasize the importance of purpose in a person's life to provide motivation for practical change, leveraging both the internal resources someone already possesses and the potential to develop much more. I want to focus with a client on lifestyle and attention to the wisdom that resides in the mind, body, and spirit as a part of the immense human capacity to grow and change.
(737) 345-3407 View (737) 345-3407
Photo of David Armando Tejeda, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
David Armando Tejeda
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S, EMDR II
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
South Padre Island, TX 78597
Waitlist for new clients
Some of you desire a rediscovery of direction and meaning. Others seek a deep healing of wounds that interfere with your quality of life. Perhaps, you may be looking to develop coping skills, improve relations, or manage stress. Whether you are seeking a tune-up or a transformation, I would be honored to be a guide and witness to the nurture of your growth, insight, and connection.
Some of you desire a rediscovery of direction and meaning. Others seek a deep healing of wounds that interfere with your quality of life. Perhaps, you may be looking to develop coping skills, improve relations, or manage stress. Whether you are seeking a tune-up or a transformation, I would be honored to be a guide and witness to the nurture of your growth, insight, and connection.
(956) 304-1426 View (956) 304-1426
Photo of Dr. Cory R. Sullins, Psychologist in South Padre Island, TX
Dr. Cory R. Sullins
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
South Padre Island, TX 78597  (Online Only)
We provide a full spectrum of services for mental health concerns in order to be of service to our community. We are goal/plan oriented to assist patients in overcoming obstacles in their lives. We very much provide an eclectic approach that is often inclusive of a variety of theories/treatments in order to meet the needs of the patient.
We provide a full spectrum of services for mental health concerns in order to be of service to our community. We are goal/plan oriented to assist patients in overcoming obstacles in their lives. We very much provide an eclectic approach that is often inclusive of a variety of theories/treatments in order to meet the needs of the patient.
(424) 347-1991 View (424) 347-1991
Photo of Heather D. Alcala, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Heather D. Alcala
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, LCDC, SAP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Padre Island, TX 78597
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a combination of substance use treatment and individual and group mental health therapy experience that I have gained over the past 13 years. I have assisted individuals with addiction, depression, anxiety, anger, relationship issues, grief/loss, and self-love through this process. An important part of the work that I do is helping individuals experience relief from past trauma and abuse while learning coping skills to help them navigate difficult situations and experiences in their daily life. I am here to support you. Contact me for your initial consultation.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a combination of substance use treatment and individual and group mental health therapy experience that I have gained over the past 13 years. I have assisted individuals with addiction, depression, anxiety, anger, relationship issues, grief/loss, and self-love through this process. An important part of the work that I do is helping individuals experience relief from past trauma and abuse while learning coping skills to help them navigate difficult situations and experiences in their daily life. I am here to support you. Contact me for your initial consultation.
(956) 477-2720 View (956) 477-2720
Photo of Michelle L Ramirez-Winget, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Michelle L Ramirez-Winget
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S , LCDC
Verified Verified
South Padre Island, TX 78597  (Online Only)
I am a therapist. Who ALSO has a therapist and has been through the process of finding/seeing therapists. I get it. It isn't easy but it is worth it. My view of counseling is simple, and based upon three core principles: authenticity, (being true to oneself), honesty, and growth. I seek to provide a nonjudgmental ear, and a supportive, safe presence. My goal is for you to feel heard as well as empowered by knowledge and skills to recognize your worth and embody change. I prefer working with adult clients who are ready and willing to put in work toward change and self-improvement.
I am a therapist. Who ALSO has a therapist and has been through the process of finding/seeing therapists. I get it. It isn't easy but it is worth it. My view of counseling is simple, and based upon three core principles: authenticity, (being true to oneself), honesty, and growth. I seek to provide a nonjudgmental ear, and a supportive, safe presence. My goal is for you to feel heard as well as empowered by knowledge and skills to recognize your worth and embody change. I prefer working with adult clients who are ready and willing to put in work toward change and self-improvement.
(254) 329-2529 View (254) 329-2529

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Havannah Cascos, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Havannah Cascos
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Port Isabel, TX 78578
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas with high success rates assisting individuals with trauma, adjustment, depression, anxiety, grief, behavioral concerns, familial/social relationships, and self-worth. There’s no need to silently struggle, you deserve to be seen and heard – and most importantly- to feel you are not alone.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas with high success rates assisting individuals with trauma, adjustment, depression, anxiety, grief, behavioral concerns, familial/social relationships, and self-worth. There’s no need to silently struggle, you deserve to be seen and heard – and most importantly- to feel you are not alone.
(956) 539-3113 View (956) 539-3113
Photo of Geralda Morales-Whittemore, LPC Associate in South Padre Island, TX
Geralda Morales-Whittemore
LPC Associate, MEd, LPC A, CSC
Verified Verified
Port Isabel, TX 78578
Do you want to build your resilience to power through your expected roles as an adult or as a newly adult in a manner that you can grow and find your purpose in this world? Do you feel you’re not meeting the expectations of loved ones, not understood, or feel inadequate? Assistance through therapy is a sign of strength and you are worth taking the first step. Having 31 yrs. of experience in education at all levels and 18 yrs. as a school counselor, allows my practice to offer a deeper understanding of the unique challenges that individuals face at each developmental stage.
Do you want to build your resilience to power through your expected roles as an adult or as a newly adult in a manner that you can grow and find your purpose in this world? Do you feel you’re not meeting the expectations of loved ones, not understood, or feel inadequate? Assistance through therapy is a sign of strength and you are worth taking the first step. Having 31 yrs. of experience in education at all levels and 18 yrs. as a school counselor, allows my practice to offer a deeper understanding of the unique challenges that individuals face at each developmental stage.
(956) 476-3566 View (956) 476-3566

Online Therapists

Photo of Dr. Mary Gonzales, Psychologist in South Padre Island, TX
Dr. Mary Gonzales
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Harlingen, TX 78552
Greetings,  I am a bilingual and bi-cultural (English and Spanish) psychologist with more than 20 years of experience in providing psychological services. My main focus when doing psychotherapy is helping to clear the emotional obstacles that may be hindering or impairing your self-growth and psychological well-being. I will first sit down with you and find out what may be causing you distress or be obstructing your growth. The next step would be to co-create a therapy plan that is tailored for you.
Greetings,  I am a bilingual and bi-cultural (English and Spanish) psychologist with more than 20 years of experience in providing psychological services. My main focus when doing psychotherapy is helping to clear the emotional obstacles that may be hindering or impairing your self-growth and psychological well-being. I will first sit down with you and find out what may be causing you distress or be obstructing your growth. The next step would be to co-create a therapy plan that is tailored for you.
(956) 320-6300 View (956) 320-6300
Photo of Silvia Gutierrez-Leal, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Silvia Gutierrez-Leal
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, CRC, CVE
Verified Verified
McAllen, TX 78501
Are you seeking support in the area of career counseling and mental health? If you grapple with issues related to work insecurities, work stress, and depression, I just may be able to help. As an expert in mental health and vocational rehabilitation counseling, I can assist you with addressing your professional future and the impact it has on your well-being. Together we can focus on your career concerns and additional struggles. I can assist you in making an informed career decision, finding a path that aligns with your aspiration and values, and seek strategies to cope with issues that lead to uncertainty and depression.
Are you seeking support in the area of career counseling and mental health? If you grapple with issues related to work insecurities, work stress, and depression, I just may be able to help. As an expert in mental health and vocational rehabilitation counseling, I can assist you with addressing your professional future and the impact it has on your well-being. Together we can focus on your career concerns and additional struggles. I can assist you in making an informed career decision, finding a path that aligns with your aspiration and values, and seek strategies to cope with issues that lead to uncertainty and depression.
(956) 275-3763 View (956) 275-3763
Photo of Roxanne Marie Delgado, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Roxanne Marie Delgado
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LCDC-I
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brownsville, TX 78520
Hello from Synchrony Counseling & Wellness. Licensed Professional Counselors who are here to help you make a change in your life. We believe everyone is capable of change when they are mentally prepared for it. At Synchrony Counseling we are confident that being provided with the appropriate tools and support one can succeed in therapy treatment.
Hello from Synchrony Counseling & Wellness. Licensed Professional Counselors who are here to help you make a change in your life. We believe everyone is capable of change when they are mentally prepared for it. At Synchrony Counseling we are confident that being provided with the appropriate tools and support one can succeed in therapy treatment.
(956) 253-1213 View (956) 253-1213
Photo of Amber Parker, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Amber Parker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edinburg, TX 78539
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with years of experience treating neurodivergent pre-teens, adolescents and their families in a variety of settings, including schools and the juvenile justice system. My areas of specialty and focus are anxiety and ADHD. My goal is to create a nurturing environment where kids can grow into healthy adults with learned coping skills, and a better understanding of their own identity. As a neurodiversity-affirming therapist, I recognize that neurodivergence by itself is not a flaw or illness that needs to be “fixed.” Neurodivergence can come with its own set of strengths that can be fostered.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with years of experience treating neurodivergent pre-teens, adolescents and their families in a variety of settings, including schools and the juvenile justice system. My areas of specialty and focus are anxiety and ADHD. My goal is to create a nurturing environment where kids can grow into healthy adults with learned coping skills, and a better understanding of their own identity. As a neurodiversity-affirming therapist, I recognize that neurodivergence by itself is not a flaw or illness that needs to be “fixed.” Neurodivergence can come with its own set of strengths that can be fostered.
(956) 758-5574 View (956) 758-5574
Photo of Chuck Reid, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Chuck Reid
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, CRC, SAP, LCDC, AAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edinburg, TX 78541
What is the DOT return-to-duty process? A positive test is a violation. So also is a refusal to be tested. So are a number of other things that are prohibited by DOT. When an employee has a positive test or refuses to be tested or has one of DOT's other violations, DOT requires the employer to immediately remove that employee from safety-sensitive functions. An employer who allows an employee with a violation to continue performing safety-sensitive functions is subject to fines, up to $10,000 per day. An employee with a violation has two options.
What is the DOT return-to-duty process? A positive test is a violation. So also is a refusal to be tested. So are a number of other things that are prohibited by DOT. When an employee has a positive test or refuses to be tested or has one of DOT's other violations, DOT requires the employer to immediately remove that employee from safety-sensitive functions. An employer who allows an employee with a violation to continue performing safety-sensitive functions is subject to fines, up to $10,000 per day. An employee with a violation has two options.
(956) 405-1184 View (956) 405-1184
Photo of Kristina Sauceda, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Kristina Sauceda
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Donna, TX 78537
Hi there! I would like to first commend you on taking the first step towards living a life that includes your most authentic self. As a third year Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I am afforded the opportunity to help guide you on that journey. My goal is to help you achieve your best self through a way that is comfortable for you. Through meaningful conversations, that goal can certainly be achieved!
Hi there! I would like to first commend you on taking the first step towards living a life that includes your most authentic self. As a third year Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I am afforded the opportunity to help guide you on that journey. My goal is to help you achieve your best self through a way that is comfortable for you. Through meaningful conversations, that goal can certainly be achieved!
(956) 633-2901 View (956) 633-2901
Photo of The Center For Relationships, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in South Padre Island, TX
The Center For Relationships
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
McAllen, TX 78503  (Online Only)
I work with a wide range of clients, ranging from couples who need to reconnect to children and families grieving a loss. I work from a strengths based approach and believe that we have the answers and sometimes get stuck. We are resilient beings and sometimes get distracted looking at our deficits and not often enough our strengths. My ideal client is willing to have the difficult conversations that will lead to change.
I work with a wide range of clients, ranging from couples who need to reconnect to children and families grieving a loss. I work from a strengths based approach and believe that we have the answers and sometimes get stuck. We are resilient beings and sometimes get distracted looking at our deficits and not often enough our strengths. My ideal client is willing to have the difficult conversations that will lead to change.
(512) 890-0314 View (512) 890-0314
Photo of Inner Solace Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in South Padre Island, TX
Inner Solace Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mission, TX 78574
On the surface it looks like you have it all together, but behind the forced smiles, constant busyness, and overachieving- you feel like your walls are crumbling. You are so tired of living this double life and wish you could reconnect with yourself, but you don’t know where to start. You're so good at taking care of those around you, now it’s time to offer that same care to yourself. We’re here to help you.
On the surface it looks like you have it all together, but behind the forced smiles, constant busyness, and overachieving- you feel like your walls are crumbling. You are so tired of living this double life and wish you could reconnect with yourself, but you don’t know where to start. You're so good at taking care of those around you, now it’s time to offer that same care to yourself. We’re here to help you.
(956) 304-1647 View (956) 304-1647
Photo of Ida Ramos, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Ida Ramos
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Mission, TX 78572
Hello! I am a licensed professional counselor with nine years of counseling individuals and couples. I specialize in anger management, anxiety, depression, trauma and PTSD, and emotional disturbance. I work with various modalities that cater to each individual’s needs, such as CBT, Motivational Interviewing, EMDR, Solution-focused, and more. I believe outstanding achievements come with excellent communication. Our partnership will help you understand yourself, why you feel the way you do, and how to make the changes you desire.
Hello! I am a licensed professional counselor with nine years of counseling individuals and couples. I specialize in anger management, anxiety, depression, trauma and PTSD, and emotional disturbance. I work with various modalities that cater to each individual’s needs, such as CBT, Motivational Interviewing, EMDR, Solution-focused, and more. I believe outstanding achievements come with excellent communication. Our partnership will help you understand yourself, why you feel the way you do, and how to make the changes you desire.
(512) 399-0742 View (512) 399-0742
Photo of Counseling & Immigration Evaluations , Licensed Professional Counselor in South Padre Island, TX
Counseling & Immigration Evaluations
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
McAllen, TX 78501
Do you find yourself overwhelmed, struggling with painful emotions, worrying, feeling stuck, and experiencing difficulty with relationships? Our team of therapists have a combined 30 years’ experience providing psychotherapy/counseling to multicultural diverse individuals and families across the lifespan, starting with children as young as 8 years old, adolescents, and adults. At HFH, we work with our clients to find themselves, restore balance in their life and learn skills to overcome life challenges. Our team also provides mental health evaluations, also known as immigration psychological evaluations, used in immigration cases.
Do you find yourself overwhelmed, struggling with painful emotions, worrying, feeling stuck, and experiencing difficulty with relationships? Our team of therapists have a combined 30 years’ experience providing psychotherapy/counseling to multicultural diverse individuals and families across the lifespan, starting with children as young as 8 years old, adolescents, and adults. At HFH, we work with our clients to find themselves, restore balance in their life and learn skills to overcome life challenges. Our team also provides mental health evaluations, also known as immigration psychological evaluations, used in immigration cases.
(956) 948-4595 View (956) 948-4595

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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in South Padre Island, TX

< 10

Therapists in South Padre Island, TX who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Addiction
100% Trauma and PTSD
88% Grief
88% Spirituality
88% Substance Use
88% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
50% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in South Padre Island, TX see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

50% Female
50% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in South Padre Island?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.