Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

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Photo of Betsy Singer-Lefton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Betsy Singer-Lefton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Welcome! I am Betsy Singer-Lefton, a licensed professional counselor. I am a therapist because I believe deeply in people’s capacity to grow, and heal, and aspire to help people live their best lives. I am currently accepting new clients ages 7 to adult, with available weekdays until 7:00pm for in-person or telehealth counseling sessions.
Welcome! I am Betsy Singer-Lefton, a licensed professional counselor. I am a therapist because I believe deeply in people’s capacity to grow, and heal, and aspire to help people live their best lives. I am currently accepting new clients ages 7 to adult, with available weekdays until 7:00pm for in-person or telehealth counseling sessions.
(513) 982-5433 View (513) 982-5433
Photo of Hiedi Konsol, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Hiedi Konsol
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, EAS-C
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45208
If I were to say if I had a type of client, it would someone that wants help. If there is a need for me to work harder than the person coming for the therapy session, then maybe they just might not yet be ready to address some of the deeper-rooted issues that led them to step out and ask for help. I know I try to remain more attuned and aware that the readiness to change is key to the success of therapy for a client. I want to work in tandem with the person to reach the goals they have set for themselves.
If I were to say if I had a type of client, it would someone that wants help. If there is a need for me to work harder than the person coming for the therapy session, then maybe they just might not yet be ready to address some of the deeper-rooted issues that led them to step out and ask for help. I know I try to remain more attuned and aware that the readiness to change is key to the success of therapy for a client. I want to work in tandem with the person to reach the goals they have set for themselves.
(513) 912-3952 View (513) 912-3952
Photo of Butch Losey, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Butch Losey
Counselor, EdD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45255
I work specifically with couples who have discovered infidelity. Couples are traumatized when infidelity is discovered and the clinician needs to help the couple implement immediate steps to prevent further damage to the relationship. Counselor strategies for infidelity are much different than what a traditional counselor would utilize. When couples set up an appointment with me, they will get in quickly, and experience a specific treatment approach for infidelity. I also help couples with creating intimate communication, conflict skills, creating emotional and sexual intimacy, and increasing love and affection.
I work specifically with couples who have discovered infidelity. Couples are traumatized when infidelity is discovered and the clinician needs to help the couple implement immediate steps to prevent further damage to the relationship. Counselor strategies for infidelity are much different than what a traditional counselor would utilize. When couples set up an appointment with me, they will get in quickly, and experience a specific treatment approach for infidelity. I also help couples with creating intimate communication, conflict skills, creating emotional and sexual intimacy, and increasing love and affection.
(513) 780-5448 View (513) 780-5448
Photo of Shane Strunk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Shane Strunk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202
My primary speciality is working with adolescents and young adults, but I enjoy collaborating with anyone who is facing the challenges of building a meaningful life in an often uncertain and confusing world. I currently see a lot of young adults who are adjusting to post-college life. I have a profound respect for the complexity of each individual's journey. I will do my best to really understand where you are coming from, so that we can work together to find a path forward that meets your needs and makes sense to you.
My primary speciality is working with adolescents and young adults, but I enjoy collaborating with anyone who is facing the challenges of building a meaningful life in an often uncertain and confusing world. I currently see a lot of young adults who are adjusting to post-college life. I have a profound respect for the complexity of each individual's journey. I will do my best to really understand where you are coming from, so that we can work together to find a path forward that meets your needs and makes sense to you.
(513) 449-2818 View (513) 449-2818
Photo of William T Bomkamp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
William T Bomkamp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45217
Do you struggle with managing the responsibilities of everyday life? Do everyday tasks seem more difficult than usual? Maybe you struggle to find motivation to achieve your goals, or you may be struggling to communicate with your partner. If you relate to any of these statements, I am here to support you and empower you to develop your already present strengths and tackle the challenges you're facing.
Do you struggle with managing the responsibilities of everyday life? Do everyday tasks seem more difficult than usual? Maybe you struggle to find motivation to achieve your goals, or you may be struggling to communicate with your partner. If you relate to any of these statements, I am here to support you and empower you to develop your already present strengths and tackle the challenges you're facing.
(513) 643-9680 View (513) 643-9680
Photo of PsychWorks Clinic LLC, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
PsychWorks Clinic LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45223
Waitlist for new clients
We all have a story. It is a story we have been telling our whole lives. We add to this story with each new encounter and context. Sometimes our stories get warped by any number of life factors, and we can lose our sense of self. I see therapy as an opportunity to unravel and examine the story of you, to get to the “why” of you.
We all have a story. It is a story we have been telling our whole lives. We add to this story with each new encounter and context. Sometimes our stories get warped by any number of life factors, and we can lose our sense of self. I see therapy as an opportunity to unravel and examine the story of you, to get to the “why” of you.
(513) 440-3701 View (513) 440-3701
Photo of Cincinnati Center for DBT in Cincinnati, OH
Cincinnati Center for DBT
PsyD, ABPP, DBT-LBC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45219
Are you hurting so much that you're wondering if living is really worth all this pain? It hurts so bad that it feels physical; you can feel it in your gut. You don't let those closest to you know what's going on because no one gets it; no one can help. Sometimes you feel completely out of place, like you don't belong here. Everything hurts so much and you can't stand it anymore. You keep looking for ways to take it all away. You don't deserve to hurt like this anymore. And you don't have to. It's time to take control of your emotions so your emotions stop controlling you.
Are you hurting so much that you're wondering if living is really worth all this pain? It hurts so bad that it feels physical; you can feel it in your gut. You don't let those closest to you know what's going on because no one gets it; no one can help. Sometimes you feel completely out of place, like you don't belong here. Everything hurts so much and you can't stand it anymore. You keep looking for ways to take it all away. You don't deserve to hurt like this anymore. And you don't have to. It's time to take control of your emotions so your emotions stop controlling you.
(513) 613-3826 View (513) 613-3826
Photo of Isabel Gruenhagen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cincinnati, OH
Isabel Gruenhagen
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45208
I believe that everyone deserves to feel happy and safe in their sexuality and romantic relationships, regardless of gender identity, sexual orientation, or relationship structure (e.g., monogamous, ethically non-monogamous). In achieving this, I believe in an open, non-judgmental mindset and a holistic approach. My blend of previous work experience has a hand in shaping my therapeutic approach—empathetic, direct, and goal-oriented. Whether it is your first time talking to someone about sex-related topics, or you’re a pro at it, I hope that in sharing this journey with me you feel seen, heard, and welcomed.
I believe that everyone deserves to feel happy and safe in their sexuality and romantic relationships, regardless of gender identity, sexual orientation, or relationship structure (e.g., monogamous, ethically non-monogamous). In achieving this, I believe in an open, non-judgmental mindset and a holistic approach. My blend of previous work experience has a hand in shaping my therapeutic approach—empathetic, direct, and goal-oriented. Whether it is your first time talking to someone about sex-related topics, or you’re a pro at it, I hope that in sharing this journey with me you feel seen, heard, and welcomed.
(513) 450-3482 View (513) 450-3482
Photo of Currently Taking A Wait List. Sophia Paparodis, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Currently Taking A Wait List. Sophia Paparodis
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, CMF
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45209  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you open and curious about how to create more ease in your life? Much of our stress, anxiety and depression is the result of our natural reaction to perceived emotional and physical threats. You may have heard fight, flight or freeze responses. We were born with these natural reactions and they helped us survive. Mindfulness based counseling along with cutting edge techniques can help you develop more awareness and with a little practice and a sense of humor you can calm and nurture the too easily frightened part of us. Overtime awareness, practice and brain plasticity can create authentic change within.
Are you open and curious about how to create more ease in your life? Much of our stress, anxiety and depression is the result of our natural reaction to perceived emotional and physical threats. You may have heard fight, flight or freeze responses. We were born with these natural reactions and they helped us survive. Mindfulness based counseling along with cutting edge techniques can help you develop more awareness and with a little practice and a sense of humor you can calm and nurture the too easily frightened part of us. Overtime awareness, practice and brain plasticity can create authentic change within.
(513) 342-6856 View (513) 342-6856
Photo of Edith Patagundi, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Edith Patagundi
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling stuck? Stuck in emotional, mental, and/or physical pain that you can't seem to shake? Life brings each individual their own set of unique personal challenges that can have an impact on many aspects of life and experiencing a new perspective and new ways of healing can be helpful. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and National Board Certified Art Therapist. I am passionate about helping individuals find their connection between mind, body, and soul for the purpose of learning to be more present and function more successfully in every day life and especially when life seems to be too difficult to manage.
Are you feeling stuck? Stuck in emotional, mental, and/or physical pain that you can't seem to shake? Life brings each individual their own set of unique personal challenges that can have an impact on many aspects of life and experiencing a new perspective and new ways of healing can be helpful. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and National Board Certified Art Therapist. I am passionate about helping individuals find their connection between mind, body, and soul for the purpose of learning to be more present and function more successfully in every day life and especially when life seems to be too difficult to manage.
(419) 374-9692 View (419) 374-9692
Photo of Karen Beresh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Karen Beresh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Karen. I am an Independent Psychotherapist in Cincinnati, Ohio. I earned a Masters from the University of Pennsylvania through their advanced standing program in one year with a specialization on Mental Health and Addictions. Previous to that I earned a Bachelor's at Northern Kentucky University and graduated with honors. I place great pride and passion in helping individuals and couples that may be struggling with chronic stress, depression, anxiety, addiction, relationship issues, PTSD and complex trauma.
Hello, my name is Karen. I am an Independent Psychotherapist in Cincinnati, Ohio. I earned a Masters from the University of Pennsylvania through their advanced standing program in one year with a specialization on Mental Health and Addictions. Previous to that I earned a Bachelor's at Northern Kentucky University and graduated with honors. I place great pride and passion in helping individuals and couples that may be struggling with chronic stress, depression, anxiety, addiction, relationship issues, PTSD and complex trauma.
(513) 327-5393 View (513) 327-5393
Photo of Lauren Hueber, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Lauren Hueber
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45255
Waitlist for new clients
I guide my clients to identify the emotions behind protective reaction. This improves their ability to recognize emotional needs, communicate more effectively, and begin leading a life within their conscious mind. Adversity and trauma can lead to chronic emotional deregulation, and through emotion focused therapy, DBT, mindfulness and psycho education I guide clients through the healing process. Attachment wounds and painful life experiences can lead to living in chronic protection mode. Through collaboration, compassion, and acceptance, I guide my clients to deeper connection; not only with others, but also with themselves.
I guide my clients to identify the emotions behind protective reaction. This improves their ability to recognize emotional needs, communicate more effectively, and begin leading a life within their conscious mind. Adversity and trauma can lead to chronic emotional deregulation, and through emotion focused therapy, DBT, mindfulness and psycho education I guide clients through the healing process. Attachment wounds and painful life experiences can lead to living in chronic protection mode. Through collaboration, compassion, and acceptance, I guide my clients to deeper connection; not only with others, but also with themselves.
(513) 438-2880 View (513) 438-2880
Photo of Keena Naylor, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Keena Naylor
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45239  (Online Only)
You made it here, which means you're ready to take the counseling journey. I enjoy working with clients who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, difficulty managing relationships and self-esteem. During this process, we will work on identifying your needs and utilizing your strengths for restoration. The goal is that counseling will give you the support and interventions to develop the skill sets necessary to manage or decrease your symptoms.
You made it here, which means you're ready to take the counseling journey. I enjoy working with clients who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, difficulty managing relationships and self-esteem. During this process, we will work on identifying your needs and utilizing your strengths for restoration. The goal is that counseling will give you the support and interventions to develop the skill sets necessary to manage or decrease your symptoms.
(513) 796-7082 View (513) 796-7082
Photo of Ursula Robinson, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Ursula Robinson
Counselor, MA, LPCC-, S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45240
Life can be a struggle at times, and can sometimes feel overwhelming. Let me help you work through these obstacles. Rather your dealing with Depression, Anxiety, Anger/ Resentment, Relationship Issues, ect. Together we can work together to find a solution on how to resolve some of life's most challenging obstacles.
Life can be a struggle at times, and can sometimes feel overwhelming. Let me help you work through these obstacles. Rather your dealing with Depression, Anxiety, Anger/ Resentment, Relationship Issues, ect. Together we can work together to find a solution on how to resolve some of life's most challenging obstacles.
(513) 429-7443 View (513) 429-7443
Photo of Jared Alexander, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Jared Alexander
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, BSBA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
I hold the belief that people are perfectly imperfect. We are unique and amazing, yet we can also encounter times when we need help to live our most fulfilling life. We are not created to do life alone, and at times we need support to become the healthiest version of ourselves. As a passionate and certified Licensed Professional Counselor, my professional and life experience allow me to address each client’s needs in a warm, respectful, and empathetic manner. I am flexible in my approach and use collaboration with my clients as the basis of therapy.
I hold the belief that people are perfectly imperfect. We are unique and amazing, yet we can also encounter times when we need help to live our most fulfilling life. We are not created to do life alone, and at times we need support to become the healthiest version of ourselves. As a passionate and certified Licensed Professional Counselor, my professional and life experience allow me to address each client’s needs in a warm, respectful, and empathetic manner. I am flexible in my approach and use collaboration with my clients as the basis of therapy.
(513) 540-1984 View (513) 540-1984
Photo of John M. Tidd, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
John M. Tidd
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45208
Do you feel connected and passionate within yourself? With your partner? My professional focus is in helping individuals and couples develop deeply connected, intimate and vibrant relationships with their partner and within themselves. I have found that a committed couple can often work through hurt, misunderstanding, and loneliness to find a relationship that feels safe, loving, and deeply engaged. I work in an open, encouraging, and emotionally attuned style that respects each partner's experience, which can then help to dissolve painful, disconnecting cycles and develop new enlivening, loving, and connected ways of relating.
Do you feel connected and passionate within yourself? With your partner? My professional focus is in helping individuals and couples develop deeply connected, intimate and vibrant relationships with their partner and within themselves. I have found that a committed couple can often work through hurt, misunderstanding, and loneliness to find a relationship that feels safe, loving, and deeply engaged. I work in an open, encouraging, and emotionally attuned style that respects each partner's experience, which can then help to dissolve painful, disconnecting cycles and develop new enlivening, loving, and connected ways of relating.
(513) 823-3123 View (513) 823-3123
Photo of Sara Trembath, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Sara Trembath
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45208
I have experience working with all types of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and complex trauma. My secondary specialties include severe chronic mental illness, relationship problems, recovery from previous domestic violence, LTGBQ+ concerns, self-harm, and developmental or attachment wounds from childhood. I continue to take continuing education classes to improve my knowledge and skills in these areas. I especially enjoy working with clients motivated to improve their lives and willing to take responsibility for their success rather than expecting others to do their work.
I have experience working with all types of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and complex trauma. My secondary specialties include severe chronic mental illness, relationship problems, recovery from previous domestic violence, LTGBQ+ concerns, self-harm, and developmental or attachment wounds from childhood. I continue to take continuing education classes to improve my knowledge and skills in these areas. I especially enjoy working with clients motivated to improve their lives and willing to take responsibility for their success rather than expecting others to do their work.
(513) 935-3624 View (513) 935-3624
Photo of Hillary Wishnick, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Hillary Wishnick
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
You do not need to do this alone. Whether you are struggling yourself or looking for help for your teenager, it is important to recognize that effective help is available. My specialty areas include depression,self harm, relationship problems, stress management and life transitions. I believe that therapy should be more than "venting." I view you as a collaborator in setting concrete goals and working towards positive life changes and growth. I will be a supportive cheerleader, while pushing you to think about your life from a different perspective and to work towards a better version of yourself.
You do not need to do this alone. Whether you are struggling yourself or looking for help for your teenager, it is important to recognize that effective help is available. My specialty areas include depression,self harm, relationship problems, stress management and life transitions. I believe that therapy should be more than "venting." I view you as a collaborator in setting concrete goals and working towards positive life changes and growth. I will be a supportive cheerleader, while pushing you to think about your life from a different perspective and to work towards a better version of yourself.
(513) 275-7051 View (513) 275-7051
Photo of Elizabeth K. Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Elizabeth K. Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45247  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck in a problem or situation that seems to have no resolution? Do you find that the same anxious thoughts are playing in your head on repeat? You are not alone! If you want to experience real change in your life, but just don't know where to start, I would love to help! We can work together to develop your own unique goals and initiate real change. When we meet, you can be assured of a space that is non-judgmental and safe.
Do you feel stuck in a problem or situation that seems to have no resolution? Do you find that the same anxious thoughts are playing in your head on repeat? You are not alone! If you want to experience real change in your life, but just don't know where to start, I would love to help! We can work together to develop your own unique goals and initiate real change. When we meet, you can be assured of a space that is non-judgmental and safe.
(513) 756-8732 View (513) 756-8732
Photo of Akira Drummonds, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Akira Drummonds
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45206
A judgment free zone designed to provide space for the on-the-go busybody to slow down and make space for self-care. A space to grow, heal and recover. Together, we can dissolve the stress/ worries, address the past traumas hidden in the closet, and break free from the dark heavy feelings that hinder your daily progress. Here the negative thought patterns, detrimental behaviors/ habits or heavy feelings that seem just too difficult to break are slowly transformed to a healthier, happier lifestyle.
A judgment free zone designed to provide space for the on-the-go busybody to slow down and make space for self-care. A space to grow, heal and recover. Together, we can dissolve the stress/ worries, address the past traumas hidden in the closet, and break free from the dark heavy feelings that hinder your daily progress. Here the negative thought patterns, detrimental behaviors/ habits or heavy feelings that seem just too difficult to break are slowly transformed to a healthier, happier lifestyle.
(513) 643-9280 View (513) 643-9280

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Cincinnati, OH who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Aetna
64% Optum

How Therapists in Cincinnati, OH see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cincinnati?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.