Therapists in Camarillo, CA

Photo of Marie Therese Norton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Marie Therese Norton
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010
Waitlist for new clients
My specialty is helping clients to find their meaning, goals and direction to live an effective life. I can provide tools and direction, but am more of a facilitator than a director, as the client knows best what they are seeking.
My specialty is helping clients to find their meaning, goals and direction to live an effective life. I can provide tools and direction, but am more of a facilitator than a director, as the client knows best what they are seeking.
(805) 419-2258 View (805) 419-2258
Photo of Skye Stifel, Licensed Educational Psychologist in Camarillo, CA
Skye Stifel
Licensed Educational Psychologist, PhD, LEP, NCSP
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93010
Children struggling in school, socially, academically and/or emotionally/behaviorally. Parents who want to work with their chlld’s school and community agencies to help build the best programs for their child. Children who need to better understand themselves in order to advocate for their needs.
Children struggling in school, socially, academically and/or emotionally/behaviorally. Parents who want to work with their chlld’s school and community agencies to help build the best programs for their child. Children who need to better understand themselves in order to advocate for their needs.
(805) 312-7401 x104 View (805) 312-7401 x104
Photo of Whillma Quenicka - Co-Host Of Psychs With Mics, Psychologist in Camarillo, CA
Whillma Quenicka - Co-Host Of Psychs With Mics
Psychologist, PhD, M-RAS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010
Let me help you feel better and become your best self! Are you feeling exhausted, isolated, pressured, anxious, not good enough, irritable, physically and mentally drained? Do you feel you always have to prove yourself to someone? Are you struggling to say no and wanting to make everyone happy? Do you often feel alone, no one gets you or misunderstands you? Do you want to break intergenerational trauma, substance use, anxiety, depression but you don’t know how or where to start? Do you have entrepreneurship in you yet you fear failure or success and that stops you from taking action to get to where you want to be?
Let me help you feel better and become your best self! Are you feeling exhausted, isolated, pressured, anxious, not good enough, irritable, physically and mentally drained? Do you feel you always have to prove yourself to someone? Are you struggling to say no and wanting to make everyone happy? Do you often feel alone, no one gets you or misunderstands you? Do you want to break intergenerational trauma, substance use, anxiety, depression but you don’t know how or where to start? Do you have entrepreneurship in you yet you fear failure or success and that stops you from taking action to get to where you want to be?
(805) 360-5539 View (805) 360-5539
Photo of Elia Zendejas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Elia Zendejas
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010  (Online Only)
Through my commitment to people's wholeness and well-being, I create a supportive therapeutic environment where my clients can feel safe and explore their experiences, thoughts, and feelings, gain clarity and self-understanding, and become authentic in their relationships. My approach combines resolving current issues as quickly as possible with an in-depth understanding of the self. Essentially, therapy is a collaborative process for persons wishing to take back control/responsibility of their lives.
Through my commitment to people's wholeness and well-being, I create a supportive therapeutic environment where my clients can feel safe and explore their experiences, thoughts, and feelings, gain clarity and self-understanding, and become authentic in their relationships. My approach combines resolving current issues as quickly as possible with an in-depth understanding of the self. Essentially, therapy is a collaborative process for persons wishing to take back control/responsibility of their lives.
(805) 322-4875 View (805) 322-4875
Photo of Jannet Grau, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Jannet Grau
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010
Not accepting new clients
Do you want to save your relationship or marriage or do you have issues with self esteem? I love working with couples or adult individuals. I offer traditional talk therapy or for those who are looking to overcome past painful events or trauma I use a technique called EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Couples I typically see would like to regain their connection to their partner. For this, I use EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy). Both techniques are highly researched and have shown evidence of client improvement. Please feel free to ask me more about my approaches to see if they would be a good fit for you!
Do you want to save your relationship or marriage or do you have issues with self esteem? I love working with couples or adult individuals. I offer traditional talk therapy or for those who are looking to overcome past painful events or trauma I use a technique called EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Couples I typically see would like to regain their connection to their partner. For this, I use EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy). Both techniques are highly researched and have shown evidence of client improvement. Please feel free to ask me more about my approaches to see if they would be a good fit for you!
(805) 232-7908 View (805) 232-7908
Photo of Yolande Brizendine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Yolande Brizendine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010
As a counselor, I work with clients to restore trust, joy, purpose and meaningful connections in life. If you have been through a trauma or loss, if you are overcoming abuse & victimization, job loss, or divorce, if you are feeling disappointment with the direction your life has taken, or if you feel you are simply "going through the motions" ... I will come alongside you to provide a safe and gentle environment for healing. You may be surprised by how much healing and joy is possible. Take your first step today!
As a counselor, I work with clients to restore trust, joy, purpose and meaningful connections in life. If you have been through a trauma or loss, if you are overcoming abuse & victimization, job loss, or divorce, if you are feeling disappointment with the direction your life has taken, or if you feel you are simply "going through the motions" ... I will come alongside you to provide a safe and gentle environment for healing. You may be surprised by how much healing and joy is possible. Take your first step today!
(818) 575-6136 View (818) 575-6136
Photo of Dr. Barbara Morris Jensen, Psychologist in Camarillo, CA
Dr. Barbara Morris Jensen
Psychologist, PsyD, CHYP, CAMF
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93010
Today you are one step closer to a new you, feeling empowered and on a positive path of growth and well-being. As a Solution-focused Therapist and Transformational Coach, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. Do you feel overwhelmed, down, unsettled, uncertain, unfulfilled? You feel stuck for a reason. Your inner critic, fear, depression or anxiety is running your life because you haven't discovered the true cause, root, and reason. Your limiting beliefs are holding you back and keeping you stuck and yet all you want is a life worth celebrating. Something is missing. I get it.
Today you are one step closer to a new you, feeling empowered and on a positive path of growth and well-being. As a Solution-focused Therapist and Transformational Coach, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. Do you feel overwhelmed, down, unsettled, uncertain, unfulfilled? You feel stuck for a reason. Your inner critic, fear, depression or anxiety is running your life because you haven't discovered the true cause, root, and reason. Your limiting beliefs are holding you back and keeping you stuck and yet all you want is a life worth celebrating. Something is missing. I get it.
(805) 214-6648 View (805) 214-6648
Deanna Ruiz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93012  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My experience enables me to offer effective individualized outpatient psychological care. I treat a number of mental health disorders and provide a neutral ground to individuals, families, and couples. EMDR trained.
My experience enables me to offer effective individualized outpatient psychological care. I treat a number of mental health disorders and provide a neutral ground to individuals, families, and couples. EMDR trained.
(805) 429-8373 View (805) 429-8373
Photo of Eleanor Kim, Psychologist in Camarillo, CA
Eleanor Kim
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93010  (Online Only)
Sometimes symptoms such as anxiety, depression, & reactivity knock at your door because there is no other way to tell you that getting help is necessary. You may experience feeling stuck in ways that don't match your own vision for your life. And, you may feel time going by with no significant healing or growth. Creating what you want can be hard to do alone. For 20+ years, I've helped clients move from states of overwhelm to grounding & ultimately self-actualization. My clients value my practical, active, attuned, warm and present style.
Sometimes symptoms such as anxiety, depression, & reactivity knock at your door because there is no other way to tell you that getting help is necessary. You may experience feeling stuck in ways that don't match your own vision for your life. And, you may feel time going by with no significant healing or growth. Creating what you want can be hard to do alone. For 20+ years, I've helped clients move from states of overwhelm to grounding & ultimately self-actualization. My clients value my practical, active, attuned, warm and present style.
(805) 386-9582 View (805) 386-9582
Photo of Marianne Renee Bahler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Marianne Renee Bahler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010
I feel honored to work with families and couples seeking to reduce conflict and increase relational intimacy through improved trust and communication as well as helping parents build positive parenting skills. I also assist individual adults and preteens/adolescents struggling with anxiety, depression, problematic behaviors, and negative relationship patterns and to aid them in finding life-affirming ways to cope with challenges. I am happy to offer therapy from a Christian framework, if desired. I believe that empathy and respect for others is profoundly important and feel blessed to walk alongside those seeking emotional healing.
I feel honored to work with families and couples seeking to reduce conflict and increase relational intimacy through improved trust and communication as well as helping parents build positive parenting skills. I also assist individual adults and preteens/adolescents struggling with anxiety, depression, problematic behaviors, and negative relationship patterns and to aid them in finding life-affirming ways to cope with challenges. I am happy to offer therapy from a Christian framework, if desired. I believe that empathy and respect for others is profoundly important and feel blessed to walk alongside those seeking emotional healing.
(805) 619-5209 View (805) 619-5209
Photo of Thomas Devereux Carver, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Thomas Devereux Carver
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010
Learn To Manage Anxiety and Depression, Develop Communication Skills With Your Partner, Seek To Resolve Divorce Dynamics/Trauma, Co-Parenting Plans, Complete Divorce Mediation Solutions, Treatment of Trauma (PTSD), Adolescent Drug and Alcohol Abuse Program, Modern Child-Parent Interactive Therapy, Treatment of Disorders: OCD and BiPolar, etc., and Solution Focused Therapy. Please visit my website at www.thomascarver.com. Thank you.
Learn To Manage Anxiety and Depression, Develop Communication Skills With Your Partner, Seek To Resolve Divorce Dynamics/Trauma, Co-Parenting Plans, Complete Divorce Mediation Solutions, Treatment of Trauma (PTSD), Adolescent Drug and Alcohol Abuse Program, Modern Child-Parent Interactive Therapy, Treatment of Disorders: OCD and BiPolar, etc., and Solution Focused Therapy. Please visit my website at www.thomascarver.com. Thank you.
(805) 214-8404 View (805) 214-8404
Photo of Jessica Sanchez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Camarillo, CA
Jessica Sanchez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93010
I believe that we all can heal from emotional pain when we are able to process those events that caused suffering and discomfort. By providing a safe space, we can explore your unique circumstances and work together towards finding solutions that will help you live a fuller life. By thoroughly listening to and empathizing with your needs, my goal is to help you find that perfect balance in which you can feel in control to endure life experiences feeling empowered.
I believe that we all can heal from emotional pain when we are able to process those events that caused suffering and discomfort. By providing a safe space, we can explore your unique circumstances and work together towards finding solutions that will help you live a fuller life. By thoroughly listening to and empathizing with your needs, my goal is to help you find that perfect balance in which you can feel in control to endure life experiences feeling empowered.
(424) 390-5887 View (424) 390-5887
Photo of Elevate Mental Health - Accepting New Clients, Psychologist in Camarillo, CA
Elevate Mental Health - Accepting New Clients
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010
Elevate Mental Health is now accepting new clients both in person and telehealth! Call or email today. People struggle to live their true potential and get stuck in long standing behavior patterns and negative perceptions that hold them back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life. We are here to help you break the cycle and begin to create change in your relationships, finances, career, education, athletic endeavors, and daily living. We want to help you with your anxiety, depression, marriage, addiction, trauma, stress or other life events. Call today so we can match you with the provider that can meet your needs.
Elevate Mental Health is now accepting new clients both in person and telehealth! Call or email today. People struggle to live their true potential and get stuck in long standing behavior patterns and negative perceptions that hold them back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life. We are here to help you break the cycle and begin to create change in your relationships, finances, career, education, athletic endeavors, and daily living. We want to help you with your anxiety, depression, marriage, addiction, trauma, stress or other life events. Call today so we can match you with the provider that can meet your needs.
(805) 590-7869 View (805) 590-7869
Photo of Andrea Wells, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Andrea Wells
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93012  (Online Only)
am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in California. I grew up on the East Coast and received my masters degree from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, VA. I have 5 years of clinical experience. I am married and have raised three children, two of which are still teenagers. I have experience working with all ages-children, adolescents, adults and families. My previous clinical work was with children, adults and families many of whom had been effected by past trauma. It included individual, family, group therapy and crisis intervention.
am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in California. I grew up on the East Coast and received my masters degree from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, VA. I have 5 years of clinical experience. I am married and have raised three children, two of which are still teenagers. I have experience working with all ages-children, adolescents, adults and families. My previous clinical work was with children, adults and families many of whom had been effected by past trauma. It included individual, family, group therapy and crisis intervention.
(805) 303-5768 View (805) 303-5768
Photo of Jenica Polakow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Jenica Polakow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93010  (Online Only)
Are you ready for a change, but don't know where to start? Are you retired and now wondering what's the point or purpose of this stage of life? Are you stressed and overwhelmed by responsibilities of caregiving for a loved one? Change takes courage, support and often some new or updated skills. My passion is helping clients to navigate life's transitions, particularly issues around aging and caregiving.
Are you ready for a change, but don't know where to start? Are you retired and now wondering what's the point or purpose of this stage of life? Are you stressed and overwhelmed by responsibilities of caregiving for a loved one? Change takes courage, support and often some new or updated skills. My passion is helping clients to navigate life's transitions, particularly issues around aging and caregiving.
(805) 954-9521 View (805) 954-9521
Photo of Insight Neuropsychology, Psychologist in Camarillo, CA
Insight Neuropsychology
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93010
Welcome, our practice at Insight Neuropsychology specializes in personalized neuropsychological assessment and treatment services to assist you in promoting your cognitive health. Our goal is to help you learn about how your brain is functioning, as insight is the first step in learning how to improve your mental functions. Neuropsychological assessment is one of the most sensitive instruments for detecting subtle cognitive deficits that are not obvious on MRI's or other brain scans, but which can have a large impact on a person's daily functioning. In addition to assessment, we also provide supportive counseling for patients and caregivers.
Welcome, our practice at Insight Neuropsychology specializes in personalized neuropsychological assessment and treatment services to assist you in promoting your cognitive health. Our goal is to help you learn about how your brain is functioning, as insight is the first step in learning how to improve your mental functions. Neuropsychological assessment is one of the most sensitive instruments for detecting subtle cognitive deficits that are not obvious on MRI's or other brain scans, but which can have a large impact on a person's daily functioning. In addition to assessment, we also provide supportive counseling for patients and caregivers.
(805) 467-7062 View (805) 467-7062
Scott Fleishman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93010
I believe in evaluating each person for who they are, and examining how their own life story has contributed to their challenges and problems in the present. It is important to look at the stressors/triggers that are making each person react the way they do, and develop new perspectives and better choices for the present and the future. I help each person identify self-sabotaging actions and in developing a better course for coping and living. Additionally, I believe it is important to learn how to continue to grow within yourself and in all types of relationships.
I believe in evaluating each person for who they are, and examining how their own life story has contributed to their challenges and problems in the present. It is important to look at the stressors/triggers that are making each person react the way they do, and develop new perspectives and better choices for the present and the future. I help each person identify self-sabotaging actions and in developing a better course for coping and living. Additionally, I believe it is important to learn how to continue to grow within yourself and in all types of relationships.
(818) 293-8134 View (818) 293-8134
Photo of The New Beginnings Center - Sean Baker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camarillo, CA
The New Beginnings Center - Sean Baker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010
I work with people who are addressing the challenges of resolving trauma, whose symptoms often appear as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain and illness. As an LMFT, I hold certifications in both Somatic Experiencing® and gestalt therapy. I specialize in addressing emotional health/well-being and relationship concerns of the queer community. I support my clients' discovery and expression of their gender and sexual identity in ways that honor their unique individuality and sense of self.
I work with people who are addressing the challenges of resolving trauma, whose symptoms often appear as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain and illness. As an LMFT, I hold certifications in both Somatic Experiencing® and gestalt therapy. I specialize in addressing emotional health/well-being and relationship concerns of the queer community. I support my clients' discovery and expression of their gender and sexual identity in ways that honor their unique individuality and sense of self.
(805) 467-7253 x2 View (805) 467-7253 x2
Photo of Taj-Zsa Hower, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Taj-Zsa Hower
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camarillo, CA 93010
Not accepting new clients
Connecting with a therapist is an excellent way to begin healing and working towards your mental health goals. My name is Taj-Zsa Hower, and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, as well as the owner of Minding My Own Therapy. I have over 9 years of experience and professional training providing mental health services to a multitude of diverse individuals and couples. I primarily specialize in working with Perinatal & Postpartum women, those dealing with Identity issues, provide support to Couples experiencing difficulties, work with college students, and treat those struggling with Anxiety & Depression.
Connecting with a therapist is an excellent way to begin healing and working towards your mental health goals. My name is Taj-Zsa Hower, and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, as well as the owner of Minding My Own Therapy. I have over 9 years of experience and professional training providing mental health services to a multitude of diverse individuals and couples. I primarily specialize in working with Perinatal & Postpartum women, those dealing with Identity issues, provide support to Couples experiencing difficulties, work with college students, and treat those struggling with Anxiety & Depression.
(805) 360-4289 View (805) 360-4289
Photo of Nancy J Bates, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camarillo, CA
Nancy J Bates
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
Camarillo, CA 93010
As your therapist, I will provide empathy,awareness and education. I am a therapist who listens compassionately to identify keys factors that are important in understanding your life journey. I will help you develop skills and resources that will increase the quality of your life. I will assist you in exploring relationship issues in a safe, supportive atmosphere. You can heal from traumatic life events,learn to cope with anxiety or depression or process your grief and loss issues. You can learn communication skills develop your personal self-worth or learn to face life transitions with more confidence.
As your therapist, I will provide empathy,awareness and education. I am a therapist who listens compassionately to identify keys factors that are important in understanding your life journey. I will help you develop skills and resources that will increase the quality of your life. I will assist you in exploring relationship issues in a safe, supportive atmosphere. You can heal from traumatic life events,learn to cope with anxiety or depression or process your grief and loss issues. You can learn communication skills develop your personal self-worth or learn to face life transitions with more confidence.
(805) 367-5418 View (805) 367-5418

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Camarillo, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Camarillo, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
62% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Aetna
63% Optum
62% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Camarillo, CA see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Camarillo?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.