Therapists in Johnson City, TN

Photo of SpringWell Group, Psychologist in Johnson City, TN
SpringWell Group
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Welcome to SpringWell Group! My name is Dr. Martinez & I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist offering comprehensive psychological testing, including Court-related evaluations. I also provide relational-focused therapy from a trauma-informed & attachment-based foundation that views secure relationship & interpersonal connection as central to healing and growth. I believe people have an innate need to be seen & are capable of remarkable growth, & that with caring support they can flourish in even the most difficult times. Services at client preferred location available for high privacy.
Welcome to SpringWell Group! My name is Dr. Martinez & I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist offering comprehensive psychological testing, including Court-related evaluations. I also provide relational-focused therapy from a trauma-informed & attachment-based foundation that views secure relationship & interpersonal connection as central to healing and growth. I believe people have an innate need to be seen & are capable of remarkable growth, & that with caring support they can flourish in even the most difficult times. Services at client preferred location available for high privacy.
(423) 441-4279 View (423) 441-4279
Photo of Carl Allen Counts, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Carl Allen Counts
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
I am a counselor who enjoys working with individuals of all ages and their families. I am trained in marriage and family therapy and have specialized training in Solution Focused Therapy and Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I meet people where they are at in their lives and makes sure they feel accepted, understood, and heard. I work with people to process events in their lives including childhood trauma as well as current events, stressors, and relationships issues. I help people move past feeling overwhelmed with feelings of depression and anxiety and to realize choices they have in their lives.
I am a counselor who enjoys working with individuals of all ages and their families. I am trained in marriage and family therapy and have specialized training in Solution Focused Therapy and Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I meet people where they are at in their lives and makes sure they feel accepted, understood, and heard. I work with people to process events in their lives including childhood trauma as well as current events, stressors, and relationships issues. I help people move past feeling overwhelmed with feelings of depression and anxiety and to realize choices they have in their lives.
(423) 781-0856 View (423) 781-0856
Photo of Allison Alford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Allison Alford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Allison Alford is an experienced Licensed Professional Counselor and Mental Health Service Provider engaging individuals and families to help them deal with life’s transitions and struggles. Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), she utilizes a compassionate, person-centered approach to helping her clients process and understand their own thoughts and emotions. Allison helps address issues such as relationship struggles, stress and anxiety, religious issues and trauma, and life transitions. Allison’s therapeutic approach is rooted in a belief that individuals can move towards their goals of healing
Allison Alford is an experienced Licensed Professional Counselor and Mental Health Service Provider engaging individuals and families to help them deal with life’s transitions and struggles. Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), she utilizes a compassionate, person-centered approach to helping her clients process and understand their own thoughts and emotions. Allison helps address issues such as relationship struggles, stress and anxiety, religious issues and trauma, and life transitions. Allison’s therapeutic approach is rooted in a belief that individuals can move towards their goals of healing
(423) 799-3246 View (423) 799-3246
Photo of Alynda Worrell-Welch, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Alynda Worrell-Welch
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPCMHSP, (TEMP)
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
I understand counseling as a process that helps people grow into fuller, deeper, and healthier ways of engaging with themselves and the world they live in. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, young adults, and their families through depression, anxiety, and significant life changes. I am especially passionate about issues that impact women and LGBTQ+ folks, and strive to find points of connection with all my clients.
I understand counseling as a process that helps people grow into fuller, deeper, and healthier ways of engaging with themselves and the world they live in. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, young adults, and their families through depression, anxiety, and significant life changes. I am especially passionate about issues that impact women and LGBTQ+ folks, and strive to find points of connection with all my clients.
(423) 799-3909 View (423) 799-3909
Photo of Sarah McCray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Sarah McCray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Sarah graduated from East Tennessee State University with her Bachelor's degree in Social Work and her Master's degree in Social Work. She specializes in work with adolescents, emerging adults, and the adult population. Sarah is trained as a Brainspotting Practitioner. She places a large emphasis on building trust and rapport with her clients. Sarah is a firm believer in meeting her clients where they are in the present moment. Sarah sees her clients as the unique, multidimensional individuals that they are. She uses the Person-In-Environment perspective with her clients.
Sarah graduated from East Tennessee State University with her Bachelor's degree in Social Work and her Master's degree in Social Work. She specializes in work with adolescents, emerging adults, and the adult population. Sarah is trained as a Brainspotting Practitioner. She places a large emphasis on building trust and rapport with her clients. Sarah is a firm believer in meeting her clients where they are in the present moment. Sarah sees her clients as the unique, multidimensional individuals that they are. She uses the Person-In-Environment perspective with her clients.
(423) 556-3032 View (423) 556-3032
Photo of Caitlin Lucas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Caitlin Lucas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Are you ready and motivated for change? I am here to help. It is easy to get stuck in our patterns and find ourselves unsure of how to make a significant shift. I only ask that you are willing to push past the uncomfortable emotions and honestly face things standing in your way. I believe therapy is one of the only sacred spaces that exist where you can come, as you are, and work toward where you want to be. I also believe it is not my place to be an advice giver, but a teammate who can help you find your own way through.
Are you ready and motivated for change? I am here to help. It is easy to get stuck in our patterns and find ourselves unsure of how to make a significant shift. I only ask that you are willing to push past the uncomfortable emotions and honestly face things standing in your way. I believe therapy is one of the only sacred spaces that exist where you can come, as you are, and work toward where you want to be. I also believe it is not my place to be an advice giver, but a teammate who can help you find your own way through.
(423) 210-4921 View (423) 210-4921
Photo of Brynn Burger, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Brynn Burger
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Struggling with marriage or partnership conflict, sexual trauma/abuse/addiction, or exploring individuality and healing somatic response to trauma? I pair my experience with over 20 years serving in various forms of mental health as a clinician trained in Trauma-Focused CBT, Integrative Sex Therapy to support sexual addiction recovery, counseling couples, families, and individuals working toward healing from infidelity, struggling with communication, or navigating non-traditional relationships.
Struggling with marriage or partnership conflict, sexual trauma/abuse/addiction, or exploring individuality and healing somatic response to trauma? I pair my experience with over 20 years serving in various forms of mental health as a clinician trained in Trauma-Focused CBT, Integrative Sex Therapy to support sexual addiction recovery, counseling couples, families, and individuals working toward healing from infidelity, struggling with communication, or navigating non-traditional relationships.
(423) 497-3781 View (423) 497-3781
Photo of Nathan Gibson, LPC Intern in Johnson City, TN
Nathan Gibson
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37615
Through a client-centered approach, I strive to foster an environment where clients feel seen and heard. I see individuals 16 years and older from all walks of life. I primarily work with grief and loss, trauma, low self-esteem, behavioral addictions, attachment wounds, anxiety, depression, lack of direction/purpose, and spiritual/religious struggles. My therapeutic approach combines a variety of evidence-based approaches, but primarily pulls from narrative, person-centered, and internal family system theories.
Through a client-centered approach, I strive to foster an environment where clients feel seen and heard. I see individuals 16 years and older from all walks of life. I primarily work with grief and loss, trauma, low self-esteem, behavioral addictions, attachment wounds, anxiety, depression, lack of direction/purpose, and spiritual/religious struggles. My therapeutic approach combines a variety of evidence-based approaches, but primarily pulls from narrative, person-centered, and internal family system theories.
(423) 592-8801 View (423) 592-8801
Photo of Laura Maxwell, Licensed Psychoanalyst in Johnson City, TN
Laura Maxwell
Licensed Psychoanalyst, LPC/MHS
Not Verified Not Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Laura Maxwell is a psychotherapist licensed to practice in Tennessee and Virginia. She holds a Master of Arts in Counseling from East Tennessee State University and a Master of Education from West Texas A&M University. She has experience working in various clinical settings, including community mental health, higher education, inpatient and private practice.
Laura Maxwell is a psychotherapist licensed to practice in Tennessee and Virginia. She holds a Master of Arts in Counseling from East Tennessee State University and a Master of Education from West Texas A&M University. She has experience working in various clinical settings, including community mental health, higher education, inpatient and private practice.
(423) 481-9124 View (423) 481-9124
Photo of Kay Collake, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Kay Collake
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Do you find yourself overwhelmed with the competing priorities of daily life? Stuck in unhealthy patterns such as overuse of alcohol, procrastination, or emotional eating? Are your days spent battling perfectionism and negative self-talk? Would you like to be more active socially but struggle with anxiety or feelings of low self-worth? Hi. I’m Kay. Congratulations on taking the first step toward living your best life! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 15 years of experience providing psychotherapy, assessment, and referral services to adults, children, and families.
Do you find yourself overwhelmed with the competing priorities of daily life? Stuck in unhealthy patterns such as overuse of alcohol, procrastination, or emotional eating? Are your days spent battling perfectionism and negative self-talk? Would you like to be more active socially but struggle with anxiety or feelings of low self-worth? Hi. I’m Kay. Congratulations on taking the first step toward living your best life! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 15 years of experience providing psychotherapy, assessment, and referral services to adults, children, and families.
(615) 392-6827 View (615) 392-6827
Photo of Rebecca Lewis Alexander, Marriage & Family Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Rebecca Lewis Alexander
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
All of us can identify times when we want more for ourselves but can't seem to make it happen. Things get in the way - busy schedules, stress, fatigue, fear, emotional blocks and old patterns. It's ok. It's not you. We are not meant to heal and grow on our own, and we never really reach the end. Second Nature Therapy offers a safe, supportive system of care for healing your wounds, growing your strengths, identifying your values and vision, and building habits that become "second nature" to nurturing your best life.
All of us can identify times when we want more for ourselves but can't seem to make it happen. Things get in the way - busy schedules, stress, fatigue, fear, emotional blocks and old patterns. It's ok. It's not you. We are not meant to heal and grow on our own, and we never really reach the end. Second Nature Therapy offers a safe, supportive system of care for healing your wounds, growing your strengths, identifying your values and vision, and building habits that become "second nature" to nurturing your best life.
(423) 556-7578 View (423) 556-7578
Sierra Frosley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Hi! I'm Sierra, a child therapist at Sunny Path Counseling in Johnson City, TN. All people have a story to share. It is my absolute honor to hold space for the stories of the unique individuals who come to me for therapy. Providing a safe place for all my clients to feel validated, understood, and supported is something I strive for as a clinician. I am passionate about helping children and young adults in their healing process and meeting them where they are in their story. I seek to empower individuals to become their most authentic self.
Hi! I'm Sierra, a child therapist at Sunny Path Counseling in Johnson City, TN. All people have a story to share. It is my absolute honor to hold space for the stories of the unique individuals who come to me for therapy. Providing a safe place for all my clients to feel validated, understood, and supported is something I strive for as a clinician. I am passionate about helping children and young adults in their healing process and meeting them where they are in their story. I seek to empower individuals to become their most authentic self.
(423) 418-5721 View (423) 418-5721
Photo of Vanessa Civil, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Vanessa Civil
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601  (Online Only)
Welcome! I specialize in supporting young adults, and couples through life's transitions, self-discovery, and relationships. My passion lies in empowering individuals to develop independence and nurture a confident identity. For couples, I guide the process of blending two unique identities into a harmonious partnership. I find profound joy in witnessing my clients as they courageously confront challenging emotions, navigate complex behaviors, and nurture healthier relationships. Together, we'll unravel the past, envision the future, and I'll stand by your side, offering empathy and unwavering support every step of the way.
Welcome! I specialize in supporting young adults, and couples through life's transitions, self-discovery, and relationships. My passion lies in empowering individuals to develop independence and nurture a confident identity. For couples, I guide the process of blending two unique identities into a harmonious partnership. I find profound joy in witnessing my clients as they courageously confront challenging emotions, navigate complex behaviors, and nurture healthier relationships. Together, we'll unravel the past, envision the future, and I'll stand by your side, offering empathy and unwavering support every step of the way.
(423) 516-8194 View (423) 516-8194
Photo of Whitewood Counseling & Consultation, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Whitewood Counseling & Consultation
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC, MHSP, AS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
Contact me (email preferred) if you are seeking counseling services ... or ... looking for someone to provide supervision for LPC licensure.
Contact me (email preferred) if you are seeking counseling services ... or ... looking for someone to provide supervision for LPC licensure.
(423) 225-8536 View (423) 225-8536
Photo of Ginger Ketron, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Ginger Ketron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604  (Online Only)
Ginger Ketron is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience working with children, adults, couples and families to overcome their unique barriers in life to improve their futures. She works to empower each patient with coping skills. She is passionate in assisting individuals in a family system to increase healthy boundaries and bonds that increase the success of their family. Ginger completed her MSW degree at East Tennessee State University where she was in the Advanced Standing Master's Program. She has worked with children and adults throughout her life who have or are dealing with effects of trauma.
Ginger Ketron is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience working with children, adults, couples and families to overcome their unique barriers in life to improve their futures. She works to empower each patient with coping skills. She is passionate in assisting individuals in a family system to increase healthy boundaries and bonds that increase the success of their family. Ginger completed her MSW degree at East Tennessee State University where she was in the Advanced Standing Master's Program. She has worked with children and adults throughout her life who have or are dealing with effects of trauma.
(423) 295-7486 View (423) 295-7486
Photo of Willow & Arbor, PLLC in Johnson City, TN
Willow & Arbor, PLLC
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Willow & Arbor, PLLC is a group therapy practice serving the Tri-Cities, TN area in person and via telehealth. Our providers recognize that there are no 'one-size fits all' treatment options. We are focused on meeting you where you are and co-creating change with you. We focus on creating a context of privacy, empathy, and insight where our clients are fully seen and heard. We treat children, teens, and adults and provide individual, family, and couples sessions.
Willow & Arbor, PLLC is a group therapy practice serving the Tri-Cities, TN area in person and via telehealth. Our providers recognize that there are no 'one-size fits all' treatment options. We are focused on meeting you where you are and co-creating change with you. We focus on creating a context of privacy, empathy, and insight where our clients are fully seen and heard. We treat children, teens, and adults and provide individual, family, and couples sessions.
(423) 607-8988 View (423) 607-8988
Photo of Kirsten Higgins, Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Kirsten Higgins
Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, Temp
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Not accepting new clients
Is your family going through a stressful transition or issue? Do you wonder if your child is struggling with anxiety, depression, or problems at school? Do you ever wish your home was more peaceful? Are you a young adult who feels lost or worries about this new stage of life? If you feel like no one understands what you, your child, or your family are going through, then you’ve come to the right place! I have experience working with children, adolescents, young adults, and families through a variety of struggles, life transitions, and relationship conflicts.
Is your family going through a stressful transition or issue? Do you wonder if your child is struggling with anxiety, depression, or problems at school? Do you ever wish your home was more peaceful? Are you a young adult who feels lost or worries about this new stage of life? If you feel like no one understands what you, your child, or your family are going through, then you’ve come to the right place! I have experience working with children, adolescents, young adults, and families through a variety of struggles, life transitions, and relationship conflicts.
(423) 281-5320 View (423) 281-5320
Photo of Tiffany McCaughey, Psychologist in Johnson City, TN
Tiffany McCaughey
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
As a licensed psychologist, I provide psychotherapy and psychoeducational assessment services for adults in TN (and states with PsyPact legislation). I have 15+ years experience working with young adults navigating college life. Common areas of practice include anxiety and depression management, identity development concerns, minority stress, and grief/loss. I have specialized training and practice supporting survivors of trauma through recovery. I am committed to providing affirming therapy services to those of marginalized identities and communities, including persons of color and LGBTIAQ folks.
As a licensed psychologist, I provide psychotherapy and psychoeducational assessment services for adults in TN (and states with PsyPact legislation). I have 15+ years experience working with young adults navigating college life. Common areas of practice include anxiety and depression management, identity development concerns, minority stress, and grief/loss. I have specialized training and practice supporting survivors of trauma through recovery. I am committed to providing affirming therapy services to those of marginalized identities and communities, including persons of color and LGBTIAQ folks.
(423) 375-0369 View (423) 375-0369
Photo of Emmanuel S John, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Emmanuel S John
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
My name is Emmanuel S. John. I am a Psychotherapist/counselor and author in the Tri-Cities area of TN. I've been working with individuals, couples and families for more than 30 years. I help people with personal emotional struggles of all kinds; Anxiety, Addiction, Depression, Grief, Trauma and PTSD just to name a few. I have a proven track record and you will see results after every session. I can help but not until you call. I am taking new clients. Cash services, insurance is not necessary. Invest the effort, you're worth it! (Ever consider online therapy? Let's talk.)
My name is Emmanuel S. John. I am a Psychotherapist/counselor and author in the Tri-Cities area of TN. I've been working with individuals, couples and families for more than 30 years. I help people with personal emotional struggles of all kinds; Anxiety, Addiction, Depression, Grief, Trauma and PTSD just to name a few. I have a proven track record and you will see results after every session. I can help but not until you call. I am taking new clients. Cash services, insurance is not necessary. Invest the effort, you're worth it! (Ever consider online therapy? Let's talk.)
(423) 302-0338 View (423) 302-0338
Photo of Erika Fugere, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Erika Fugere
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Hey there. Experiencing stress and anxiety, or feeling overwhelmed by the pressure of everyday life? Let's talk about it! I enjoy helping with parenting skills so you can escape the vicious cycle of yelling and the guilt that follows. Is being a parent impacting your relationships? Understandable if so! I enjoy teaching effective ways to communicate to build healthy relationships within families. I also have a passion for working with those who struggle with financial stress and helping individuals build a healthier relationship with money. My goal is to create a safe space for you to work through your struggles free of judgement.
Hey there. Experiencing stress and anxiety, or feeling overwhelmed by the pressure of everyday life? Let's talk about it! I enjoy helping with parenting skills so you can escape the vicious cycle of yelling and the guilt that follows. Is being a parent impacting your relationships? Understandable if so! I enjoy teaching effective ways to communicate to build healthy relationships within families. I also have a passion for working with those who struggle with financial stress and helping individuals build a healthier relationship with money. My goal is to create a safe space for you to work through your struggles free of judgement.
(423) 594-8102 View (423) 594-8102

See more therapy options for Johnson City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Johnson City, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Johnson City, TN who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
67% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Cigna and Evernorth
76% Aetna
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Johnson City, TN see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Johnson City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.