Therapists in Towson, MD

Photo of Michael Heady, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Towson, MD
Michael Heady
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204
My goal as a counselor is to provide support and guidance for people who want to make positive changes in their life. I provide counseling for a variety of life's problems including anxiety, depression, relationship issues and general life stressors. I have specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of OCD, panic, agoraphobia, social anxiety, and specific phobias. I approach treatment as a collaborative process between the client and myself; utilizing integrative, evidence-based interventions like ERP, ACT, CBT, and mindfulness. I also offer inference-based CBT, a evidence-based, non-exposure treatment for OCD.
My goal as a counselor is to provide support and guidance for people who want to make positive changes in their life. I provide counseling for a variety of life's problems including anxiety, depression, relationship issues and general life stressors. I have specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of OCD, panic, agoraphobia, social anxiety, and specific phobias. I approach treatment as a collaborative process between the client and myself; utilizing integrative, evidence-based interventions like ERP, ACT, CBT, and mindfulness. I also offer inference-based CBT, a evidence-based, non-exposure treatment for OCD.
(443) 333-9570 View (443) 333-9570
Photo of Nicole Brennan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Towson, MD
Nicole Brennan
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204  (Online Only)
Nicole Brennan, LCMFT provides a warm, safe, and nonjudgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their needs and attain their goals. She believes that the therapeutic relationship can be the biggest agent of change, and spends time building trust in the relationship to promote growth and healing.
Nicole Brennan, LCMFT provides a warm, safe, and nonjudgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their needs and attain their goals. She believes that the therapeutic relationship can be the biggest agent of change, and spends time building trust in the relationship to promote growth and healing.
(410) 505-0309 View (410) 505-0309
Photo of Emily Curran, Psychological Associate in Towson, MD
Emily Curran
Psychological Associate, PsyD, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21204
Individuals who pursue a therapeutic relationship with me can expect a collaborative and emotionally safe environment. My clients typically describe seeking therapy in order to develop healthier and more effective ways of coping with a variety of stressors. I often hear clients report feeling stuck in addition to expressing the desire to grow both personally and interpersonally. My goal is to help my clients achieve their desired outcome from therapy.
Individuals who pursue a therapeutic relationship with me can expect a collaborative and emotionally safe environment. My clients typically describe seeking therapy in order to develop healthier and more effective ways of coping with a variety of stressors. I often hear clients report feeling stuck in addition to expressing the desire to grow both personally and interpersonally. My goal is to help my clients achieve their desired outcome from therapy.
(443) 971-7040 View (443) 971-7040
Photo of Rachael Gerchakov, LPC Intern in Towson, MD
Rachael Gerchakov
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286
Rachael provides an empathic and supportive environment where clients can openly explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Her approach is holistic, as she recognizes individuals are dynamic with many contributions that make them who they are. Emphasizing your role as the expert in your own story, Rachael guides sessions collaboratively, allowing narratives, perspectives, and goals to shape the path toward meaningful change. She is committed to working together with you to develop the skills and tools necessary for your personal transformation.
Rachael provides an empathic and supportive environment where clients can openly explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Her approach is holistic, as she recognizes individuals are dynamic with many contributions that make them who they are. Emphasizing your role as the expert in your own story, Rachael guides sessions collaboratively, allowing narratives, perspectives, and goals to shape the path toward meaningful change. She is committed to working together with you to develop the skills and tools necessary for your personal transformation.
(410) 936-5648 View (410) 936-5648
Michael Gugerty
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204
Modern life can be stressful, complicated and confusing for even the most well adjusted individuals. The demands of maintaining success professionally while relating comfortably with friends, coworkers and significant others can be especially challenging. Despite one’s best efforts, the world has a way of piling on, sometimes at the worst possible time. These stressful events can be either profoundly traumatic in an instant or exert a powerful and consistent negative influence that gradually accumulates over the months and years and erodes what was previously a primarily positive outlook on life and feeling of being in control.
Modern life can be stressful, complicated and confusing for even the most well adjusted individuals. The demands of maintaining success professionally while relating comfortably with friends, coworkers and significant others can be especially challenging. Despite one’s best efforts, the world has a way of piling on, sometimes at the worst possible time. These stressful events can be either profoundly traumatic in an instant or exert a powerful and consistent negative influence that gradually accumulates over the months and years and erodes what was previously a primarily positive outlook on life and feeling of being in control.
(667) 206-3657 View (667) 206-3657
Photo of Anat Dubin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Towson, MD
Anat Dubin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21204
Offering therapy that is insight oriented as a first step to healing. A structure of non-judgement, consistency, and strong client-therapist relationship are important pieces. This relationship is used as a tool to help make sense of and improve various emotions, thoughts, behaviors and patterns that may have become disruptive or problematic. Through guided exploration, the goal is to understand how they influence the way in which we experience ourself in the world.
Offering therapy that is insight oriented as a first step to healing. A structure of non-judgement, consistency, and strong client-therapist relationship are important pieces. This relationship is used as a tool to help make sense of and improve various emotions, thoughts, behaviors and patterns that may have become disruptive or problematic. Through guided exploration, the goal is to understand how they influence the way in which we experience ourself in the world.
(443) 244-2292 View (443) 244-2292
Photo of Dr. Amy S Provan, Psychologist in Towson, MD
Dr. Amy S Provan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204
It is essential for your to feel comfortable in therapy. I tend to be a very warm, active and collaborative therapist. I am open and frank about how I hear your concerns and struggles will check-in to ensure that my understanding resonates with you. My practice is best suited for those who wish to deeply examine their inner world to gain insight and create lasting change towards a more fulfilling life. Therapy is a partnership; together, in a safe and non-judgmental environment, we will collaborate to facilitate transformation.
It is essential for your to feel comfortable in therapy. I tend to be a very warm, active and collaborative therapist. I am open and frank about how I hear your concerns and struggles will check-in to ensure that my understanding resonates with you. My practice is best suited for those who wish to deeply examine their inner world to gain insight and create lasting change towards a more fulfilling life. Therapy is a partnership; together, in a safe and non-judgmental environment, we will collaborate to facilitate transformation.
(443) 957-1216 View (443) 957-1216
Photo of Aubrey Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Towson, MD
Aubrey Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286
It’s okay to not be okay but don’t settle for a lifetime of not being okay! Do you struggle with intense emotions? Do your emotions interfere with school, work, or interpersonal relationships? Do you have a history of trauma that have caused you to feel abandoned, hopeless, or empty? Do you struggle with Behavioral issues that cause harm to yourself or others? Do you have current or past life challenges that have been difficult to overcome? If the answer is yes to any of those questions, you are in the right place!
It’s okay to not be okay but don’t settle for a lifetime of not being okay! Do you struggle with intense emotions? Do your emotions interfere with school, work, or interpersonal relationships? Do you have a history of trauma that have caused you to feel abandoned, hopeless, or empty? Do you struggle with Behavioral issues that cause harm to yourself or others? Do you have current or past life challenges that have been difficult to overcome? If the answer is yes to any of those questions, you are in the right place!
(410) 337-7772 x6406 View (410) 337-7772 x6406
Mary Bresee Seidel
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21204
The stresses of life occasionally take such a toll on us that we need an experienced professional. I have 30 years as a mental health therapist and specialize in trauma, loss, addiction, depression, anxiety and medical trauma. I also work with individuals suffering from the physical issues that often accompany a series of stressful events. I see adults, couples, and adolescents. I find a unique blend of cognitive/behavioral, psychodynamic, mindfulness, bibliotherapy and expressive techniques for each client. I also provide clients with community supports and resources to supplement our work together when appropriate.
The stresses of life occasionally take such a toll on us that we need an experienced professional. I have 30 years as a mental health therapist and specialize in trauma, loss, addiction, depression, anxiety and medical trauma. I also work with individuals suffering from the physical issues that often accompany a series of stressful events. I see adults, couples, and adolescents. I find a unique blend of cognitive/behavioral, psychodynamic, mindfulness, bibliotherapy and expressive techniques for each client. I also provide clients with community supports and resources to supplement our work together when appropriate.
(410) 701-0916 View (410) 701-0916
Photo of Bernadette Pruitt, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Towson, MD
Bernadette Pruitt
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286
Bernadette Pruitt, LCPC, provides an empathetic and liberating environment to facilitate growth. She believes that her attentive and open approach is pivotal in developing a genuine connection in therapy. Bernadette creates an open space for identifying concerns, setting and evaluating goals, and discovering solutions. A few of Bernadette’s goals are to assist clients in gaining a deeper understanding of themselves, resolving relational discord, accepting difficult changes, and navigating the world with a healthier outlook. Bernadette is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a Masters of Education in Counseling Psychology
Bernadette Pruitt, LCPC, provides an empathetic and liberating environment to facilitate growth. She believes that her attentive and open approach is pivotal in developing a genuine connection in therapy. Bernadette creates an open space for identifying concerns, setting and evaluating goals, and discovering solutions. A few of Bernadette’s goals are to assist clients in gaining a deeper understanding of themselves, resolving relational discord, accepting difficult changes, and navigating the world with a healthier outlook. Bernadette is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a Masters of Education in Counseling Psychology
(410) 835-4374 View (410) 835-4374
Photo of Elise Rittler, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Towson, MD
Elise Rittler
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, MS
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286
I want to live life well. Seeing a counselor has been crucial for me on my journey. For over 20 years, I've been fascinated with the benefits of counseling. I love to walk alongside clients as they discover themselves and learn to live the life that they value. I offer perspective, challenge, and assurance as my clients face themselves and their lives and determine how they want to live life.
I want to live life well. Seeing a counselor has been crucial for me on my journey. For over 20 years, I've been fascinated with the benefits of counseling. I love to walk alongside clients as they discover themselves and learn to live the life that they value. I offer perspective, challenge, and assurance as my clients face themselves and their lives and determine how they want to live life.
(410) 846-4334 View (410) 846-4334
Photo of Carrie Byrne, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Towson, MD
Carrie Byrne
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21204
I am a psychotherapist working in Baltimore County, MD. My specialties are maternal mental health, relationship issues, depression and anxiety disorders. I graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a Masters of Social Work in 1999. I am a member of Postpartum Support International and the National Association of Social Workers.
I am a psychotherapist working in Baltimore County, MD. My specialties are maternal mental health, relationship issues, depression and anxiety disorders. I graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a Masters of Social Work in 1999. I am a member of Postpartum Support International and the National Association of Social Workers.
(410) 864-8097 View (410) 864-8097
Photo of Francesca Musengo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Towson, MD
Francesca Musengo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21204
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and welcome to the first step in improving your quality of life. Mental health continues to be stigmatized in our society, but what if therapy is the key to relief and acceptance? I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW-C) and I provide outpatient individual, couples, and family therapy. I obtained my master's degree from University of Maryland School of Social Work and I have 10 years experience working with diverse populations in the Baltimore area. I've worked in clinics, homes, and schools.
Hello and welcome to the first step in improving your quality of life. Mental health continues to be stigmatized in our society, but what if therapy is the key to relief and acceptance? I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW-C) and I provide outpatient individual, couples, and family therapy. I obtained my master's degree from University of Maryland School of Social Work and I have 10 years experience working with diverse populations in the Baltimore area. I've worked in clinics, homes, and schools.
(410) 740-8066 View (410) 740-8066
Photo of Emily Needles, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Towson, MD
Emily Needles
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPCMH, NCC, MAC
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21286
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Maryland who serves primarily young adults, adults, and seniors. I work with a variety of theoretical orientations including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Person Centered Therapy, mindfulness based strategies, and trauma informed skills to include being certified in EMDR. This allows the person who walks through my door to know that we have options on how to proceed in our work together. I offer an abundance of psychoeducation, make many recommendations, and can create more structure in session if it’s of service to the client.
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Maryland who serves primarily young adults, adults, and seniors. I work with a variety of theoretical orientations including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Person Centered Therapy, mindfulness based strategies, and trauma informed skills to include being certified in EMDR. This allows the person who walks through my door to know that we have options on how to proceed in our work together. I offer an abundance of psychoeducation, make many recommendations, and can create more structure in session if it’s of service to the client.
(443) 903-2464 View (443) 903-2464
Photo of Mikhel Kushner, Licensed Master Social Worker in Towson, MD
Mikhel Kushner
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286  (Online Only)
Navigating life’s ups and downs can be as much a challenge as it is a privilege and the support of a caring presence outside your circle of daily influence can help as you move through the sticky spots. I have professional and/or lived experience with anxiety, depression, trauma, identity development, life transitions, and institutional betrayal. Having served as a Title IX coordinator/ DEI professional for over a decade, I am uniquely qualified to support people impacted by discrimination, implicit bias, sexual violence, and/or harassment. Likewise, I am well positioned to support Title IX/DEI, legal, and higher ed professionals.
Navigating life’s ups and downs can be as much a challenge as it is a privilege and the support of a caring presence outside your circle of daily influence can help as you move through the sticky spots. I have professional and/or lived experience with anxiety, depression, trauma, identity development, life transitions, and institutional betrayal. Having served as a Title IX coordinator/ DEI professional for over a decade, I am uniquely qualified to support people impacted by discrimination, implicit bias, sexual violence, and/or harassment. Likewise, I am well positioned to support Title IX/DEI, legal, and higher ed professionals.
(443) 693-5627 View (443) 693-5627
Photo of Allison Jensen, Counselor in Towson, MD
Allison Jensen
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204
Struggling with anxiety, depression, adhd, grief, trauma, or a major life event? I am here to help! I believe in a collaborative relationship to allow for success and true, long-lasting growth and change in your life! My clients are involved in the planning process for the course of therapy/treatment including; frequency of sessions, techniques/approaches utilized, and of course goal setting! Whether you're struggling with low mood, difficulty in relationships, anxiety, grief, or a major life change/transition...I am here to help you through this difficult time while building skills to help you toward a healthy future!
Struggling with anxiety, depression, adhd, grief, trauma, or a major life event? I am here to help! I believe in a collaborative relationship to allow for success and true, long-lasting growth and change in your life! My clients are involved in the planning process for the course of therapy/treatment including; frequency of sessions, techniques/approaches utilized, and of course goal setting! Whether you're struggling with low mood, difficulty in relationships, anxiety, grief, or a major life change/transition...I am here to help you through this difficult time while building skills to help you toward a healthy future!
(410) 237-0635 View (410) 237-0635
Photo of Heather Greenebaum Mills, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Towson, MD
Heather Greenebaum Mills
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy can be an intimidating process. How often have you pushed your mental health aside because life grew hectic; were told to “practice self-care” but aren’t sure what that entails; or been told to “just get over something” and you’re left feeling lost or overwhelmed? Being a human is challenging! We’re filled with complicated emotions that derive from our lived experiences, environment, family dynamics, personality, and genetics. My goal is to help you sort some of that out to relieve depression, anxiety, and interpersonal conflict.
Therapy can be an intimidating process. How often have you pushed your mental health aside because life grew hectic; were told to “practice self-care” but aren’t sure what that entails; or been told to “just get over something” and you’re left feeling lost or overwhelmed? Being a human is challenging! We’re filled with complicated emotions that derive from our lived experiences, environment, family dynamics, personality, and genetics. My goal is to help you sort some of that out to relieve depression, anxiety, and interpersonal conflict.
(443) 775-2130 View (443) 775-2130
Photo of Lisa Butler, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Towson, MD
Lisa Butler
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204
Life is stressful and full of challenges. Do you feel you weren't given the skills to manage these challenges? Therapy can provide support, build emotional awareness and teach strategies to manage these challenges in order to ultimately help you thrive. I have over 15 years of experience working with adolescents and adults struggling with eating disorders, body image, anxiety, depression, self esteem, interpersonal conflict/unhealthy relationships, and life transitions. I have a strong interest in supporting women during their journey of motherhood, including infertility, pregnancy, postpartum, parenting and marriage struggles.
Life is stressful and full of challenges. Do you feel you weren't given the skills to manage these challenges? Therapy can provide support, build emotional awareness and teach strategies to manage these challenges in order to ultimately help you thrive. I have over 15 years of experience working with adolescents and adults struggling with eating disorders, body image, anxiety, depression, self esteem, interpersonal conflict/unhealthy relationships, and life transitions. I have a strong interest in supporting women during their journey of motherhood, including infertility, pregnancy, postpartum, parenting and marriage struggles.
(443) 329-9571 View (443) 329-9571
Photo of Jake Jackson-Wolf, Licensed Professional Counselor in Towson, MD
Jake Jackson-Wolf
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204
This is all a lot, huh? There's so much pressure, so many expectations! You may have lost your sense of 'why' as it relates to your romantic relationship, parenting, sex, or your career. I work with individuals and couples who are wanting to address challenges in relationships, experiences of trauma, and general dissatisfaction with the status quo. In our work together, we will take a look at the things that are holding you back from living the life you want to be living. I might also tell dad jokes. I probably will tell dad jokes.
This is all a lot, huh? There's so much pressure, so many expectations! You may have lost your sense of 'why' as it relates to your romantic relationship, parenting, sex, or your career. I work with individuals and couples who are wanting to address challenges in relationships, experiences of trauma, and general dissatisfaction with the status quo. In our work together, we will take a look at the things that are holding you back from living the life you want to be living. I might also tell dad jokes. I probably will tell dad jokes.
(410) 835-7978 View (410) 835-7978
Photo of Jackie Altebrando, Counselor in Towson, MD
Jackie Altebrando
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204
Waitlist for new clients
I approach therapy with a person-centered lens, bringing warmth and empathy to help each individual client to come as they are, have a space to be heard without judgment, and collaboratively explore ways to live out their most authentic self. I honor what a courageous step it is to find support and ground my work in establishing and maintaining a strong therapeutic relationship. I provide a confidential, warm, and validating space to help my clients feel supported on their journey to mental wellness.
I approach therapy with a person-centered lens, bringing warmth and empathy to help each individual client to come as they are, have a space to be heard without judgment, and collaboratively explore ways to live out their most authentic self. I honor what a courageous step it is to find support and ground my work in establishing and maintaining a strong therapeutic relationship. I provide a confidential, warm, and validating space to help my clients feel supported on their journey to mental wellness.
(410) 775-9683 x104 View (410) 775-9683 x104

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Towson, MD

800+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Towson, MD who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
71% Stress
68% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
74% CareFirst
72% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Towson, MD see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Towson?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.