Therapists in South Deerfield, MA

Photo of Laura A Pontani, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Laura A Pontani
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! Whatever your intention for therapy, it is important to find a therapist that makes you feel safe, valued, and understood. I believe that my clients are the true guides to their own happiness and destination, resulting in not one specific formula for healing, but rather utilizing each individual's strengths, needs, and interests. I enjoy establishing a conversational atmosphere that is genuine, empathetic, and validating. Through this, I create a safe and nurturing space for self-discovery, self-growth, and healing. My style draws heavily on empathy and mindfulness as well as ACT, IFS, and solution focused therapies.
Hello! Whatever your intention for therapy, it is important to find a therapist that makes you feel safe, valued, and understood. I believe that my clients are the true guides to their own happiness and destination, resulting in not one specific formula for healing, but rather utilizing each individual's strengths, needs, and interests. I enjoy establishing a conversational atmosphere that is genuine, empathetic, and validating. Through this, I create a safe and nurturing space for self-discovery, self-growth, and healing. My style draws heavily on empathy and mindfulness as well as ACT, IFS, and solution focused therapies.
(617) 206-3896 View (617) 206-3896
Photo of Heather Skutnik-Sheffield, Counselor, LMHC
Heather Skutnik-Sheffield
Counselor, LMHC
6 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a partner at Leek Therapy. Daytime Telehealth openings available. Making the decision to begin therapy takes courage. Perhaps you are looking to gain perspective, find tools to help cope with anxiety, explore your thought patterns, or delve into personal topics that have been weighing you down. The goal is to emerge with confidence, strength, and perspective in order to handle what challenges may come your way.
I am a partner at Leek Therapy. Daytime Telehealth openings available. Making the decision to begin therapy takes courage. Perhaps you are looking to gain perspective, find tools to help cope with anxiety, explore your thought patterns, or delve into personal topics that have been weighing you down. The goal is to emerge with confidence, strength, and perspective in order to handle what challenges may come your way.
(413) 340-3599 View (413) 340-3599
Photo of Sarah Seward, Psychologist, PhD
Sarah Seward
Psychologist, PhD
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Not accepting new clients
There are many reasons to seek professional emotional help. Chronic feelings of stress, sadness and fear, relationship conflict, the pain of past trauma, or the struggle to cope with a physical illness. As a psychologist, I combine my extensive clinical training with a passion for transforming life's emotional challenges into avenues for personal growth, comprehensive wellness, and self-fulfillment. Through my experience, compassion, and humanity I will work collaboratively with you to build a therapeutic relationship that promotes the safe and respectful exploration of the difficulties you are facing.
There are many reasons to seek professional emotional help. Chronic feelings of stress, sadness and fear, relationship conflict, the pain of past trauma, or the struggle to cope with a physical illness. As a psychologist, I combine my extensive clinical training with a passion for transforming life's emotional challenges into avenues for personal growth, comprehensive wellness, and self-fulfillment. Through my experience, compassion, and humanity I will work collaboratively with you to build a therapeutic relationship that promotes the safe and respectful exploration of the difficulties you are facing.
(413) 206-2173 View (413) 206-2173
Photo of Jackie Humphreys, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Jackie Humphreys
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Not accepting new clients
I AM SORRY BUT I AM NOT ABLETO TAKE NEW CLIENTS AT THIS TIME. I WILL UPDATE THIS MESSAGE WHEN I AM ABLE TO TAKE NEW CLIENTS. THANK YOU AND TAKE GOOD CARE. This life can bring us intense experiences of joy but also pain. My therapy practice focuses on working collaboratively with individuals (children, teens and adults) and groups to create an environment that supports strength and healing in order to bring joy back into balance.
I AM SORRY BUT I AM NOT ABLETO TAKE NEW CLIENTS AT THIS TIME. I WILL UPDATE THIS MESSAGE WHEN I AM ABLE TO TAKE NEW CLIENTS. THANK YOU AND TAKE GOOD CARE. This life can bring us intense experiences of joy but also pain. My therapy practice focuses on working collaboratively with individuals (children, teens and adults) and groups to create an environment that supports strength and healing in order to bring joy back into balance.
(413) 347-4103 View (413) 347-4103
Photo of Abigail Vayda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Abigail Vayda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
I have a warm, accepting, and down-to-earth presence. I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaboration in which I can assist in guiding you towards greater self-understanding and tap into the wisdom and resilience that already exists within. I have experience working with clients living with anxiety, depression, stress, symptoms related to trauma, and addiction issues. I particularly enjoy working with individuals navigating a transition or stage of life change and those looking to better understand and shift from patterns of thinking, behavior, communication, or of relationships which are no longer of service.
I have a warm, accepting, and down-to-earth presence. I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaboration in which I can assist in guiding you towards greater self-understanding and tap into the wisdom and resilience that already exists within. I have experience working with clients living with anxiety, depression, stress, symptoms related to trauma, and addiction issues. I particularly enjoy working with individuals navigating a transition or stage of life change and those looking to better understand and shift from patterns of thinking, behavior, communication, or of relationships which are no longer of service.
(413) 337-3880 View (413) 337-3880
Photo of Derrick McCluskey, Counselor, LMHC
Derrick McCluskey
Counselor, LMHC
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Action-oriented Therapist. Most anxiety and depression evolve from procrastination, which leads to inaction. I have the ability to help people who are looking to take action on their goals which require behavioral change. Change becomes natural once a person understands their unintentional programming from childhood. I do not prescribe medication; however, I can refer you to a Grow Provider if need be.
Action-oriented Therapist. Most anxiety and depression evolve from procrastination, which leads to inaction. I have the ability to help people who are looking to take action on their goals which require behavioral change. Change becomes natural once a person understands their unintentional programming from childhood. I do not prescribe medication; however, I can refer you to a Grow Provider if need be.
(617) 609-1292 View (617) 609-1292
Photo of Grant D Bialek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Grant D Bialek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Online Only
If you’re feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in patterns that don’t serve you, you’re not alone—and healing is possible. I help adults struggling with depression, anxiety, and relationship issues find relief, deepen self-understanding, and build stronger, more fulfilling connections. We will use therapy as a safe space to explore what’s beneath the surface and move toward a life that feels more grounded, open, and aligned with who you truly are.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in patterns that don’t serve you, you’re not alone—and healing is possible. I help adults struggling with depression, anxiety, and relationship issues find relief, deepen self-understanding, and build stronger, more fulfilling connections. We will use therapy as a safe space to explore what’s beneath the surface and move toward a life that feels more grounded, open, and aligned with who you truly are.
(413) 307-3828 View (413) 307-3828
Photo of Monique Doherty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Monique Doherty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Do you feel depressed and anxious but not sure how to make changes to feel more balanced and content? Are you stuck trying to make a behavioral change such as improving sleep, cutting back on alcohol, or being more physically active? Are you a parent feeling defeated and unsure how to adjust your parenting to better support your child? Do you find yourself struggling, interested in therapy, but are not able to commit to weekly indefinite sessions?
Do you feel depressed and anxious but not sure how to make changes to feel more balanced and content? Are you stuck trying to make a behavioral change such as improving sleep, cutting back on alcohol, or being more physically active? Are you a parent feeling defeated and unsure how to adjust your parenting to better support your child? Do you find yourself struggling, interested in therapy, but are not able to commit to weekly indefinite sessions?
(413) 287-9803 View (413) 287-9803
Photo of Carolyn Wallace, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Carolyn Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Are you struggling with anxiety, past trauma, or relationships that feel unfulfilling? Maybe you're still engaging with outdated patterns that no longer serve you. You don’t have to navigate this alone. I work with adults of all ages and provide a safe, compassionate space where you can explore your challenges, heal emotional wounds, and rediscover your strength, self-efficacy and right to be happy. With over twenty years of experience, my practice is eclectic, relationship-based and trauma informed. I blend evidence-based techniques with deep, intuitive, heart-centered work to help you shift from surviving to thriving.
Are you struggling with anxiety, past trauma, or relationships that feel unfulfilling? Maybe you're still engaging with outdated patterns that no longer serve you. You don’t have to navigate this alone. I work with adults of all ages and provide a safe, compassionate space where you can explore your challenges, heal emotional wounds, and rediscover your strength, self-efficacy and right to be happy. With over twenty years of experience, my practice is eclectic, relationship-based and trauma informed. I blend evidence-based techniques with deep, intuitive, heart-centered work to help you shift from surviving to thriving.
(413) 267-6530 View (413) 267-6530
Photo of Jessica King, Counselor, LMHC
Jessica King
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
One opening: Tuesday 12:00noon, every other week- Using the therapeutic relationship as a foundation for healing, we will work together to rediscover your strengths, interests, & goals, while releasing self-defeating beliefs as you uncover your own power & purpose. We will work on slowing down, responding to your inner critic, and increasing emotional awareness to bring balance into your life. For more information on my services and approach, please visit my website!
One opening: Tuesday 12:00noon, every other week- Using the therapeutic relationship as a foundation for healing, we will work together to rediscover your strengths, interests, & goals, while releasing self-defeating beliefs as you uncover your own power & purpose. We will work on slowing down, responding to your inner critic, and increasing emotional awareness to bring balance into your life. For more information on my services and approach, please visit my website!
(413) 224-6191 View (413) 224-6191
Photo of Andrea Alice Mizula, Counselor, LMHC
Andrea Alice Mizula
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373
I value and appreciate the trust, safety and non-judgement that comes from a theraputic relationship. Regardless of the reason, I consider myself very respectful of each child, adult or family who begins the therapy process. I strive to meet the client or family where they are at on there journey as I help to guild through strengthening and developing new tools that will help them reach there goals. I work with adults, children and families, struggling with Anxiety, Depression, Mood Disorders, PTSD, Child Trauma, Behavioral and Emotional difficulties, ADHD and difficulties with Adjusting to Life Changes.
I value and appreciate the trust, safety and non-judgement that comes from a theraputic relationship. Regardless of the reason, I consider myself very respectful of each child, adult or family who begins the therapy process. I strive to meet the client or family where they are at on there journey as I help to guild through strengthening and developing new tools that will help them reach there goals. I work with adults, children and families, struggling with Anxiety, Depression, Mood Disorders, PTSD, Child Trauma, Behavioral and Emotional difficulties, ADHD and difficulties with Adjusting to Life Changes.
(413) 315-5369 View (413) 315-5369
Photo of Laurie Sugarman-Whittier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Laurie Sugarman-Whittier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I am a clinical social worker with over 30 years experience. I work with adults of all ages. Many of my clients are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and/or traumatic histories. I also have experience assisting people with many other issues. I see my first job as therapist to be establishing a relationship with you, within which you will feel accepted, comfortable, and safe. I will work to ask good questions, and to assist and empower you in discovering how to create the positive changes you seek.
Welcome! I am a clinical social worker with over 30 years experience. I work with adults of all ages. Many of my clients are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and/or traumatic histories. I also have experience assisting people with many other issues. I see my first job as therapist to be establishing a relationship with you, within which you will feel accepted, comfortable, and safe. I will work to ask good questions, and to assist and empower you in discovering how to create the positive changes you seek.
(508) 273-2448 View (508) 273-2448
Photo of Julie Paquette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Julie Paquette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Online Only
I work with every age- because managing difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviors is a human experience. Having difficult times is a human experience. I teach parents how to help their children regulate their feeling manage difficult behaviors. I focus on the mind, heart and body. I focus on reducing unnecessary suffering by learning how to explore the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that created the suffering. I help you overcome life obstacles while respecting you and your journey. My goal is to pass my skills and knowledge onto parents, adults and children, so you don't need me anymore. I work late afternoons and evenings.
I work with every age- because managing difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviors is a human experience. Having difficult times is a human experience. I teach parents how to help their children regulate their feeling manage difficult behaviors. I focus on the mind, heart and body. I focus on reducing unnecessary suffering by learning how to explore the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that created the suffering. I help you overcome life obstacles while respecting you and your journey. My goal is to pass my skills and knowledge onto parents, adults and children, so you don't need me anymore. I work late afternoons and evenings.
(413) 937-7180 View (413) 937-7180
Photo of Anne Curtis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CPT
Anne Curtis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CPT
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Do you want to make changes in your life but feel too stuck to see a way forward? Do you have a complicated relationship with your body? You’re not alone and making change is possible.
Do you want to make changes in your life but feel too stuck to see a way forward? Do you have a complicated relationship with your body? You’re not alone and making change is possible.
(413) 359-6829 View (413) 359-6829
Photo of Marek Tresnak, Counselor, LMHC, MA
Marek Tresnak
Counselor, LMHC, MA
1 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Hello and thanks for your interest in my services. I help people to reconnect with the life they would like to live. With the tools of mindfulness and cognitive therapy we work on gaining freedom from intrusive emotions and beliefs that don't serve them. Through getting in touch with their emotions and releasing them, they can find a fresh creative energy within. Most of my clients seek help with anxiety, excessive worries, depression, trauma, addiction or just a difficult relationship situation. I enjoy connecting with my clients and emphasize the power of a strong therapeutic relationship.
Hello and thanks for your interest in my services. I help people to reconnect with the life they would like to live. With the tools of mindfulness and cognitive therapy we work on gaining freedom from intrusive emotions and beliefs that don't serve them. Through getting in touch with their emotions and releasing them, they can find a fresh creative energy within. Most of my clients seek help with anxiety, excessive worries, depression, trauma, addiction or just a difficult relationship situation. I enjoy connecting with my clients and emphasize the power of a strong therapeutic relationship.
(413) 650-1530 View (413) 650-1530
Photo of Julie M Paquette - Julie M. Paquette, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Julie M. Paquette, MSW, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
3 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373
I work with every age- because managing difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviors is a human experience. I serve VT, NH, ME, and MA. I teach everyone how to manage difficult life experiences and transitions. My work focuses on the mind and the heart; I focus on reducing unnecessary suffering by learning how to explore the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that created the suffering. I help you overcome life obstacles while respecting your soul's journey. My goal is to pass my skills and knowledge onto parents, adults and children, so you don't need me anymore. I provide online counseling Monday-Thursday,late afternoons and evenings.
I work with every age- because managing difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviors is a human experience. I serve VT, NH, ME, and MA. I teach everyone how to manage difficult life experiences and transitions. My work focuses on the mind and the heart; I focus on reducing unnecessary suffering by learning how to explore the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that created the suffering. I help you overcome life obstacles while respecting your soul's journey. My goal is to pass my skills and knowledge onto parents, adults and children, so you don't need me anymore. I provide online counseling Monday-Thursday,late afternoons and evenings.
(413) 522-5981 View (413) 522-5981
Photo of Melissa Johnson, Counselor, LMHC
Melissa Johnson
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life is not always easy and we may not always be aware of what tools could help us during difficult times. Sometimes we just need support to help us navigate through a challenging time. You are not alone. As a therapist, my goal is to help clients become the best versions of themselves. I have assisted clients in processing and integrating trauma, reducing frequency of panic attacks, developing better coping and self regulation strategies, and reducing their shame.
Life is not always easy and we may not always be aware of what tools could help us during difficult times. Sometimes we just need support to help us navigate through a challenging time. You are not alone. As a therapist, my goal is to help clients become the best versions of themselves. I have assisted clients in processing and integrating trauma, reducing frequency of panic attacks, developing better coping and self regulation strategies, and reducing their shame.
(631) 318-4961 View (631) 318-4961
Photo of Kristina Johansson, Counselor, LMHC
Kristina Johansson
Counselor, LMHC
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I work with adults, children, teens, their families and caregivers. I have a warm, attuned approach that supports each person's intuitive ability to heal. I am trained in IFS and Rhythm of Regulation and other modalities. People go through challenging times, losses, adjustment to traumatic events, oppression. Work with children often explores movement, art and expressive play focusing on emotion regulation and working dyadically with parents/caregivers. Therapeutically supported expressive play therapy provides safety that helps children communicate their needs, feelings, modify behavior, and increase problem solving skills.
I work with adults, children, teens, their families and caregivers. I have a warm, attuned approach that supports each person's intuitive ability to heal. I am trained in IFS and Rhythm of Regulation and other modalities. People go through challenging times, losses, adjustment to traumatic events, oppression. Work with children often explores movement, art and expressive play focusing on emotion regulation and working dyadically with parents/caregivers. Therapeutically supported expressive play therapy provides safety that helps children communicate their needs, feelings, modify behavior, and increase problem solving skills.
(413) 216-4022 View (413) 216-4022
Photo of Knox Wilder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Knox Wilder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
My clients are often smart, passionate people who struggle with self doubt, anxiety, perfectionism, and co-dependency. I work with queer/trans/GNC adults, couples, or multi-person partnerships of all genders/sexualities seeking help with depression, anxiety, ASD/ADHD/AuDHD spectrum, parenting, life transitions, trauma/C-PTSD, relationship counseling, & other issues. I provide perinatal+postpartum therapeutic services, including issues related to fertility/family planning, co-/parenting, birthing/birth trauma(s), and blended families. I support sex workers and provide a sex positive space for folks of all identities and sexualities.
My clients are often smart, passionate people who struggle with self doubt, anxiety, perfectionism, and co-dependency. I work with queer/trans/GNC adults, couples, or multi-person partnerships of all genders/sexualities seeking help with depression, anxiety, ASD/ADHD/AuDHD spectrum, parenting, life transitions, trauma/C-PTSD, relationship counseling, & other issues. I provide perinatal+postpartum therapeutic services, including issues related to fertility/family planning, co-/parenting, birthing/birth trauma(s), and blended families. I support sex workers and provide a sex positive space for folks of all identities and sexualities.
(413) 225-4535 View (413) 225-4535
Photo of Sheri Johnson, Counselor, LMHC
Sheri Johnson
Counselor, LMHC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Relationship issues, work/life stress, minor substance-related disturbances, mood disorders, anxiety, depression, anger management, and career counseling are a few issues I help resolve with my clients. Emotional disturbance (anxiety, depression, confusion, etc) manifests when you fail to confidently and honestly live your life with meaningful purpose and positive action. Low esteem, lack of confidence, little motivation, and chronic worry all negatively impact your relationship to self and others creating symptoms that can spiral downward. We will arrest potential spiral and redirect its energy upward toward wellness.
Relationship issues, work/life stress, minor substance-related disturbances, mood disorders, anxiety, depression, anger management, and career counseling are a few issues I help resolve with my clients. Emotional disturbance (anxiety, depression, confusion, etc) manifests when you fail to confidently and honestly live your life with meaningful purpose and positive action. Low esteem, lack of confidence, little motivation, and chronic worry all negatively impact your relationship to self and others creating symptoms that can spiral downward. We will arrest potential spiral and redirect its energy upward toward wellness.
(774) 260-6143 View (774) 260-6143

See more therapy options for South Deerfield

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in South Deerfield, MA

20+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in South Deerfield, MA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
86% Trauma and PTSD
82% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
73% Coping Skills
64% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Optum

How Therapists in South Deerfield, MA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
10% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in South Deerfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.