Therapists in Hampshire County, MA

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Photo of Emily Neuburger, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MAT, MS, LMHC
Emily Neuburger
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MAT, MS, LMHC
Amherst, MA 01002
I work with people across the lifespan to help them explore patterns, gain deeper understanding into their lives and move towards desired changes. With a specialization in using play and art therapy, I work with children and adolescents who are encountering emotional challenges at home, school and with identity. I also have a strong interest in working with adults seeking support with life transitions, parenting, relationships, anxiety and grief. I practice with a trauma focused lens where I recognize the way past trauma can manifest both emotionally and physically. I welcome using art therapy interventions with adults as desired.
I work with people across the lifespan to help them explore patterns, gain deeper understanding into their lives and move towards desired changes. With a specialization in using play and art therapy, I work with children and adolescents who are encountering emotional challenges at home, school and with identity. I also have a strong interest in working with adults seeking support with life transitions, parenting, relationships, anxiety and grief. I practice with a trauma focused lens where I recognize the way past trauma can manifest both emotionally and physically. I welcome using art therapy interventions with adults as desired.
(413) 216-3769 View (413) 216-3769
Photo of Liz Short, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, C-ASWCM
Liz Short
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, C-ASWCM
Northampton, MA 01060
I work with older adults and families to navigate the challenges of aging up to and including end of life.
I work with older adults and families to navigate the challenges of aging up to and including end of life.
(413) 307-6847 View (413) 307-6847
Photo of Carrie Carlevaro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, KAP
Carrie Carlevaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, KAP
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
Now offering ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) - please email me for more information. Openings currently available for KAP only. Hello, and welcome. I bring a holistic approach to my therapy practice, including both Western principles and Eastern philosophies. At the root of my practice, I believe that suffering is a universal experience which, when approached with compassion, can provide us with opportunities for growth.
Now offering ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) - please email me for more information. Openings currently available for KAP only. Hello, and welcome. I bring a holistic approach to my therapy practice, including both Western principles and Eastern philosophies. At the root of my practice, I believe that suffering is a universal experience which, when approached with compassion, can provide us with opportunities for growth.
(413) 296-8966 View (413) 296-8966
Photo of Colette Dugas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SEP
Colette Dugas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SEP
Northampton, MA 01061
Not accepting new clients
Are you at a crossroads - navigating a life change, relationship challenges, anxiety or a complicated relationship with food? You don't have to figure it out alone. I'm a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist who works with adults especially people moving through life transitions of all kinds. Whether you're facing something specific or just know that something needs to shift, I'm here to help you find your footing. My approach is collaborative and genuinely personal. I believe you already hold many of the strengths needed for growth - my job is to help you access them.
Are you at a crossroads - navigating a life change, relationship challenges, anxiety or a complicated relationship with food? You don't have to figure it out alone. I'm a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist who works with adults especially people moving through life transitions of all kinds. Whether you're facing something specific or just know that something needs to shift, I'm here to help you find your footing. My approach is collaborative and genuinely personal. I believe you already hold many of the strengths needed for growth - my job is to help you access them.
(413) 200-6594 View (413) 200-6594
Photo of Dr. Bambi Maxine Rattner - Ketamine Assisted Intensive Retreats & KAP, Psychologist, PsyD
Maybe you've tried traditional therapy and felt like you were just scratching the surface. Or perhaps you've been carrying the weight of past traumas, anxieties, or a deep sense of being stuck, and you’re searching for a way to finally break free. If you're looking for something more than a weekly chat, something that can create real, lasting change, you've found the right place. We specialize in Ketamine-Assisted Intensive Therapy. This isn’t just a new kind of therapy; it’s a profoundly different approach to healing.
Maybe you've tried traditional therapy and felt like you were just scratching the surface. Or perhaps you've been carrying the weight of past traumas, anxieties, or a deep sense of being stuck, and you’re searching for a way to finally break free. If you're looking for something more than a weekly chat, something that can create real, lasting change, you've found the right place. We specialize in Ketamine-Assisted Intensive Therapy. This isn’t just a new kind of therapy; it’s a profoundly different approach to healing.
(877) 372-2624 View (877) 372-2624
Photo of Susan Teasley - Mosaic Minds Mental Health Counseling LLC, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Mosaic Minds Mental Health Counseling LLC
Counselor, MA, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Easthampton, MA 01027
Hello! Are you an adult who’s experienced abuse, neglect, or hardships? If you feel disconnected from yourself & unsure whom to trust, you’re not alone. Many people experience anxiety, flashbacks, & overwhelming emotions after trauma. These reactions, such as numbness or the “fight-or-flight” response, reflect your mind & body’s instinct to protect you from the pain you’ve endured. You deserve support to navigate these challenges & rebuild trust in yourself. The weight of these emotions can be heavy, but recognizing that you are not alone in this journey can be the first step towards healing. Together, we can find a path forward.
Hello! Are you an adult who’s experienced abuse, neglect, or hardships? If you feel disconnected from yourself & unsure whom to trust, you’re not alone. Many people experience anxiety, flashbacks, & overwhelming emotions after trauma. These reactions, such as numbness or the “fight-or-flight” response, reflect your mind & body’s instinct to protect you from the pain you’ve endured. You deserve support to navigate these challenges & rebuild trust in yourself. The weight of these emotions can be heavy, but recognizing that you are not alone in this journey can be the first step towards healing. Together, we can find a path forward.
(413) 767-4383 View (413) 767-4383
Photo of Ellie Lotan, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Ellie Lotan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
I approach therapy as a weekly collaborative ritual in which clients can slow down, reconnect, and practice listening and giving voice to their inner knowing. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in IFS, somatics, and expressive arts therapy. Together we work as a team to shed light on the subconscious and uncover the intuitive wisdom that already lies within you.
I approach therapy as a weekly collaborative ritual in which clients can slow down, reconnect, and practice listening and giving voice to their inner knowing. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in IFS, somatics, and expressive arts therapy. Together we work as a team to shed light on the subconscious and uncover the intuitive wisdom that already lies within you.
(510) 817-2858 View (510) 817-2858
Photo of Victoria L Vitale, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
Victoria L Vitale
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002
Making the decision to reach out for therapy is your first important step, you should be proud. The next step is finding the "right therapy fit" for you. Remember, you are not "stuck" with anyone. You should feel comfortable to speak to your therapist about anything, if you're not, look for another one. I have been fortunate to work as an outpatient therapist and crisis clinician for the past 14 years. I would love to help you through your journey of life. Life can bring many challenges with transitions, loss, depression anxiety and so much more. Whatever your challenge, I will walk beside you, you are NOT alone.
Making the decision to reach out for therapy is your first important step, you should be proud. The next step is finding the "right therapy fit" for you. Remember, you are not "stuck" with anyone. You should feel comfortable to speak to your therapist about anything, if you're not, look for another one. I have been fortunate to work as an outpatient therapist and crisis clinician for the past 14 years. I would love to help you through your journey of life. Life can bring many challenges with transitions, loss, depression anxiety and so much more. Whatever your challenge, I will walk beside you, you are NOT alone.
(413) 251-6759 View (413) 251-6759
Photo of Daniel Berlin, Psychologist, PsyD
Daniel Berlin
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Welcome to my practice. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, relational distress, grief and loss, or a spiritual crisis, your usual internal resources for coping may feel inaccessible and overwhelmed. As a Licensed Psychologist, Certified Jewish Spiritual Guide, and a Level 3 Internal Family Systems provider, I specialize in the integration of psychotherapy and spirituality. I use the IFS model to help people understand and heal the different "parts" of themselves with curiosity and compassion.
Welcome to my practice. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, relational distress, grief and loss, or a spiritual crisis, your usual internal resources for coping may feel inaccessible and overwhelmed. As a Licensed Psychologist, Certified Jewish Spiritual Guide, and a Level 3 Internal Family Systems provider, I specialize in the integration of psychotherapy and spirituality. I use the IFS model to help people understand and heal the different "parts" of themselves with curiosity and compassion.
(413) 298-6649 View (413) 298-6649
Photo of Pamela Torre, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Pamela Torre
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Northampton, MA 01060
Do you find yourself feeling anxious, depressed or stuck? These are all areas I have extensive experience in and have been successful at helping clients work through. My approach to facilitating psychotherapy is to tune in to what has motivated a person (or couple) to seek help. I am a psychodynamic, relational thinker and apply that to the work I do. I draw from my 30 years experience helping people better understand themselves and the patterns they tend to engage in. The tools I use will depend on who you are and why you are seeking help.
Do you find yourself feeling anxious, depressed or stuck? These are all areas I have extensive experience in and have been successful at helping clients work through. My approach to facilitating psychotherapy is to tune in to what has motivated a person (or couple) to seek help. I am a psychodynamic, relational thinker and apply that to the work I do. I draw from my 30 years experience helping people better understand themselves and the patterns they tend to engage in. The tools I use will depend on who you are and why you are seeking help.
(413) 655-1053 View (413) 655-1053
Photo of Paula Shulman, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Paula Shulman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I support people to transform life's challenges into a mosaic of internal wisdom. I passionately embrace the power of loving relationships to help shift from feeling burdened by past wounds to compassionate self-acceptance. I facilitate secure attachment and fulfilling relationships. My natural empathy offers a safe space to heal emotional wounds, ruptured relationships, limiting behaviors, non-supporting beliefs, attachment injuries, trauma, loss, grief. In Internal Family Systems (IFS), we access our Core/Wise Self (intrinsic wholeness) - compassion, confidence, calm, creativity, courage, curiosity, connection. In deep Self-attunement, we gently invite wounded internal parts to come forth and heal.
I support people to transform life's challenges into a mosaic of internal wisdom. I passionately embrace the power of loving relationships to help shift from feeling burdened by past wounds to compassionate self-acceptance. I facilitate secure attachment and fulfilling relationships. My natural empathy offers a safe space to heal emotional wounds, ruptured relationships, limiting behaviors, non-supporting beliefs, attachment injuries, trauma, loss, grief. In Internal Family Systems (IFS), we access our Core/Wise Self (intrinsic wholeness) - compassion, confidence, calm, creativity, courage, curiosity, connection. In deep Self-attunement, we gently invite wounded internal parts to come forth and heal.
(413) 893-0040 View (413) 893-0040
Photo of Nicole Mooney, Counselor, LMHC
Nicole Mooney
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and an Educational Psychologist with over 25 years of experience as a therapist. I have dedicated my career to helping children, teenagers, and parents navigate life’s challenges. My practice focuses on meeting clients where they are, offering a safe and supportive space to explore issues and work toward meaningful solutions.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and an Educational Psychologist with over 25 years of experience as a therapist. I have dedicated my career to helping children, teenagers, and parents navigate life’s challenges. My practice focuses on meeting clients where they are, offering a safe and supportive space to explore issues and work toward meaningful solutions.
(857) 422-5361 View (857) 422-5361
Photo of Marybeth Barrett, Counselor, MA, LMHC, RYT
Marybeth Barrett
Counselor, MA, LMHC, RYT
Florence, MA 01062
Not accepting new clients
Life can be challenging often leading to anxiety, depression and ineffective strategies to cope with what faces us each day. We need the resources and skills to be able to navigate these challenges in order to engage in life in a meaningful way. My work with clients is active, engaging and collaborative as we focus on goals, values and managing difficult emotions and thoughts. We explore the past as it affects our current life, and work with the obstacles that block our ability to engage fully in life with a sense of well-being.
Life can be challenging often leading to anxiety, depression and ineffective strategies to cope with what faces us each day. We need the resources and skills to be able to navigate these challenges in order to engage in life in a meaningful way. My work with clients is active, engaging and collaborative as we focus on goals, values and managing difficult emotions and thoughts. We explore the past as it affects our current life, and work with the obstacles that block our ability to engage fully in life with a sense of well-being.
(413) 241-7784 View (413) 241-7784
Photo of Bianca Staudt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Bianca Staudt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
You’re eager to come home to yourself, and grow roots there - no matter what life throws your way. Life can be both messy and beautiful, and sometimes in the midst of it all we lose connection with the inner wisdom that helps us navigate changes. We might feel far from ourselves, longing for confidence, peace, and contentment. This is your invitation to embody who you are: to rediscover the joy, creativity, and inner knowing that may have felt out of reach. Together, we’ll create a space that feels alive, compassionate, and safe for your whole self to unfold.
You’re eager to come home to yourself, and grow roots there - no matter what life throws your way. Life can be both messy and beautiful, and sometimes in the midst of it all we lose connection with the inner wisdom that helps us navigate changes. We might feel far from ourselves, longing for confidence, peace, and contentment. This is your invitation to embody who you are: to rediscover the joy, creativity, and inner knowing that may have felt out of reach. Together, we’ll create a space that feels alive, compassionate, and safe for your whole self to unfold.
(978) 389-9735 View (978) 389-9735
Photo of Heather Rose Floyd-Haupt - Moonbeam Counseling LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Moonbeam Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
9 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
The world can be an unsafe place at times, posing many challenges for all of us. Looking for help to navigate life stressors can be difficult when you might already be experiencing grief, isolation, and anxiety. It can be easy to feel lost, disconnected, and even helpless. I provide a warm-hearted safe space and am confident in treating many psychological concerns. My goal in therapy is to help you find solutions to your problems and illuminate resources already available to you. I am especially helpful in areas of life transition, trauma, and grief and loss. You don’t have to do this alone.
The world can be an unsafe place at times, posing many challenges for all of us. Looking for help to navigate life stressors can be difficult when you might already be experiencing grief, isolation, and anxiety. It can be easy to feel lost, disconnected, and even helpless. I provide a warm-hearted safe space and am confident in treating many psychological concerns. My goal in therapy is to help you find solutions to your problems and illuminate resources already available to you. I am especially helpful in areas of life transition, trauma, and grief and loss. You don’t have to do this alone.
(413) 889-8559 View (413) 889-8559
Photo of Mark Haffey - The Haffey Center, Psychologist, EdD
The Haffey Center
Psychologist, EdD
1 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002
Do you or a family member have ADD or ADHD? Do you or a family member have difficulty concentrating, completing tasks, or feeling "hyper"? My colleagues and I, at The Haffey Center for Attention & Memory, can provide specialized assessment to determine the presence and degree of attention difficulties, and provide recommendations and treatment to address these difficulties. We utilize information from the latest research on ADHD and ADD to guide our work with you. We also have extensive experience assessing and treating depression, anxiety, learning difficulties, and relationship problems utilizing a variety of approaches, including Mindfulness and CBT.
Do you or a family member have ADD or ADHD? Do you or a family member have difficulty concentrating, completing tasks, or feeling "hyper"? My colleagues and I, at The Haffey Center for Attention & Memory, can provide specialized assessment to determine the presence and degree of attention difficulties, and provide recommendations and treatment to address these difficulties. We utilize information from the latest research on ADHD and ADD to guide our work with you. We also have extensive experience assessing and treating depression, anxiety, learning difficulties, and relationship problems utilizing a variety of approaches, including Mindfulness and CBT.
(413) 314-3991 View (413) 314-3991
Photo of Luke David Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Luke David Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm Luke, and I offer individual therapy and EMDR for adults. With over a decade of experience, I work with clients facing depression, anxiety, trauma, interpersonal issues, substance abuse, and other mental health concerns. Together, we’ll focus on what matters most to you, while addressing the thoughts and emotions that may be holding you back. Therapy isn't just about feeling better—it's also about becoming better at feeling. I'm passionate about helping clients build psychological flexibility to navigate life's challenges and demands.
I'm Luke, and I offer individual therapy and EMDR for adults. With over a decade of experience, I work with clients facing depression, anxiety, trauma, interpersonal issues, substance abuse, and other mental health concerns. Together, we’ll focus on what matters most to you, while addressing the thoughts and emotions that may be holding you back. Therapy isn't just about feeling better—it's also about becoming better at feeling. I'm passionate about helping clients build psychological flexibility to navigate life's challenges and demands.
(413) 475-7257 View (413) 475-7257
Photo of Catherine Balletto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
Catherine Balletto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
Northampton, MA 01060
I am an institute trained psychotherapist, working integratively, within a contemporary, relational, psychodynamic orientation. After more than two decades of practicing in New York City, I am now located in Western Massachusetts and remain licensed in NY and also VT. For me, at the heart of a relational, psychodynamic, approach is my effort to strive to meet people where they are and make the work understandable and accessible based on who you are. I respect and build upon the ways in which I am invited to join and help expand psychic space, so that areas which are troubling can be demystified, transformed and feel less daunting.
I am an institute trained psychotherapist, working integratively, within a contemporary, relational, psychodynamic orientation. After more than two decades of practicing in New York City, I am now located in Western Massachusetts and remain licensed in NY and also VT. For me, at the heart of a relational, psychodynamic, approach is my effort to strive to meet people where they are and make the work understandable and accessible based on who you are. I respect and build upon the ways in which I am invited to join and help expand psychic space, so that areas which are troubling can be demystified, transformed and feel less daunting.
(917) 838-9799 View (917) 838-9799
Photo of Ginger Sajiera, Counselor, LMHC
Ginger Sajiera
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Having a solid therapeutic relationship is essential to the success of your experience in therapy, and I am committed to creating a space in which you will feel safe, deeply heard and seen, and can be a collaborator in the therapeutic process. I believe in creating a mutual alliance built upon honesty, empathy, trust, and respect. Together, we will explore the challenges and obstacles you face, while identifying personal strengths and other resources that will help facilitate meaningful change and growth.
Having a solid therapeutic relationship is essential to the success of your experience in therapy, and I am committed to creating a space in which you will feel safe, deeply heard and seen, and can be a collaborator in the therapeutic process. I believe in creating a mutual alliance built upon honesty, empathy, trust, and respect. Together, we will explore the challenges and obstacles you face, while identifying personal strengths and other resources that will help facilitate meaningful change and growth.
(413) 266-5591 View (413) 266-5591
Photo of Ay Ling Han, Psychologist, PhD
Ay Ling Han
Psychologist, PhD
Northampton, MA 01060
Welcome to my site. I hope I can answer questions you may have to help you make your decision for choosing a therapist. Do you get in your own way that keeps you from living more fully & effectively? Do you struggle with relationship difficulties; feeling overwhelmed, ashamed, insecure, angry; transitions, loss, unresolved grief; traumas that haunt you? Do you find yourself reacting to or doing things that you know are not healthy or helpful for you, your relationships or work? Does your past limit or complicate your present? Do you have challenging experiences as an immigrant or person of color you want help with?
Welcome to my site. I hope I can answer questions you may have to help you make your decision for choosing a therapist. Do you get in your own way that keeps you from living more fully & effectively? Do you struggle with relationship difficulties; feeling overwhelmed, ashamed, insecure, angry; transitions, loss, unresolved grief; traumas that haunt you? Do you find yourself reacting to or doing things that you know are not healthy or helpful for you, your relationships or work? Does your past limit or complicate your present? Do you have challenging experiences as an immigrant or person of color you want help with?
(413) 343-4483 View (413) 343-4483

See more therapy options for Hampshire County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hampshire County, MA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Hampshire County, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
64% Stress
62% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
56% Optum

How Therapists in Hampshire County, MA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
20% Male
7% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hampshire County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.