Therapists in Everett, MA

Photo of Hermeline Pierre, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Hermeline Pierre
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Online Only
My ideal client is any individual who seeks to navigate the complexities of their identity and life experiences, with openness and understanding. Their needs could include culturally affirming support, practical coping skills or just needing a safe, validating space. Some goals could be centered around increased self awareness, emotional healing, or improved relationships. Ultimately, they want to thrive (not just survive) in a challenging world, while still being able to celebrate their strengths, and build a fulfilling and balanced life.
My ideal client is any individual who seeks to navigate the complexities of their identity and life experiences, with openness and understanding. Their needs could include culturally affirming support, practical coping skills or just needing a safe, validating space. Some goals could be centered around increased self awareness, emotional healing, or improved relationships. Ultimately, they want to thrive (not just survive) in a challenging world, while still being able to celebrate their strengths, and build a fulfilling and balanced life.
(781) 506-1422 x100 View (781) 506-1422 x100
Photo of Cassandra DeQuevedo, Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC
Cassandra DeQuevedo
Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
You’re good at so many things, but you struggle in relationships, with confidence in who you are, or managing grief. Therapy will help you tap into your natural ability for deep connection, inner strength, and healing. Perhaps in Relationships- you struggle with communication, boundaries, or you keep getting stuck in the same patterns? In Identity- you know your worth, but have trouble with your self-esteem? In Grief- you get overwhelmed, and don’t know where to start to feel better? You're ready to master relationships, heal, and be unapologetically yourself.
You’re good at so many things, but you struggle in relationships, with confidence in who you are, or managing grief. Therapy will help you tap into your natural ability for deep connection, inner strength, and healing. Perhaps in Relationships- you struggle with communication, boundaries, or you keep getting stuck in the same patterns? In Identity- you know your worth, but have trouble with your self-esteem? In Grief- you get overwhelmed, and don’t know where to start to feel better? You're ready to master relationships, heal, and be unapologetically yourself.
(339) 300-9460 View (339) 300-9460
Photo of Sydney Morris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CEAP
Sydney Morris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CEAP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Currently on Maternity Leave until June 2025. Welcome and thank you for visiting my profile! My name is Sydney and my pronouns are she/her. I have been working in the field of Mental Health since 2009 and post Master's since 2011. I have been an LICSW in the state of Massachusetts since 2015. I am also a Certified Employee Assistance Professional. Much of my past experience has been in acute care settings such as inpatient psychiatric care and emergency departments. In addition to that I have ample experience in supporting folks through life transitions, grieving significant losses, and following traumatic events.
Currently on Maternity Leave until June 2025. Welcome and thank you for visiting my profile! My name is Sydney and my pronouns are she/her. I have been working in the field of Mental Health since 2009 and post Master's since 2011. I have been an LICSW in the state of Massachusetts since 2015. I am also a Certified Employee Assistance Professional. Much of my past experience has been in acute care settings such as inpatient psychiatric care and emergency departments. In addition to that I have ample experience in supporting folks through life transitions, grieving significant losses, and following traumatic events.
(617) 915-3130 View (617) 915-3130
Photo of Charmian Talbot - Charmian Talbot Therapy Services , Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA LADC, LCDP
Charmian Talbot Therapy Services
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA LADC, LCDP
6 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you realizing you have Issues of Addiction: substance use and gambling/gaming disorders. Are you a person who has tried to stop, decrease or control without success? Do you feel overwhelmed, hopeless or defeated? Are you feeling frustrated, guilty or ashamed? Are you seeking to make changes in your life with your health, face challenges and learn to live a positive lifestyle. Please call me and I will respond in good time, book a consultation its free.
Are you realizing you have Issues of Addiction: substance use and gambling/gaming disorders. Are you a person who has tried to stop, decrease or control without success? Do you feel overwhelmed, hopeless or defeated? Are you feeling frustrated, guilty or ashamed? Are you seeking to make changes in your life with your health, face challenges and learn to live a positive lifestyle. Please call me and I will respond in good time, book a consultation its free.
(508) 348-7148 View (508) 348-7148
Photo of Oluchi Ojinnaka-Taylor, Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Oluchi Ojinnaka-Taylor
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Online Only
13+ years of Counseling and Human Services experience. Goal to help you create a better quality of life!
13+ years of Counseling and Human Services experience. Goal to help you create a better quality of life!
(781) 574-8562 View (781) 574-8562
Photo of Silvana Quirino, Counselor, LMHC, she/her
Silvana Quirino
Counselor, LMHC, she/her
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Finding the right therapist can be difficult. Let's try a "STOPP" approach now? Stop, Take a breath, Observe, Pull back-Put in some perspective and Practice-Take Action. Come with me, unlock the power of your mind and experience a transformation like never before with an evidence based approach to therapy incorporating CBT, DBT, Mindfulness and Trauma Informed Care. Discover the key to holistic healing in a diverse and multicultural setting with a patient centered, respectful, compassionate and curious therapist.
Finding the right therapist can be difficult. Let's try a "STOPP" approach now? Stop, Take a breath, Observe, Pull back-Put in some perspective and Practice-Take Action. Come with me, unlock the power of your mind and experience a transformation like never before with an evidence based approach to therapy incorporating CBT, DBT, Mindfulness and Trauma Informed Care. Discover the key to holistic healing in a diverse and multicultural setting with a patient centered, respectful, compassionate and curious therapist.
(774) 541-1341 View (774) 541-1341
Photo of Gordonia Tawanda Cundiff - No Stones Thrown Counseling Services Inc. , Counselor, MEd, LMHC
No Stones Thrown Counseling is now accepting new clients in Massachusetts (in-person and telehealth) and Virginia (telehealth only). We support individuals facing a range of mental health challenges and provide a safe, judgment-free space for healing and growth. Whether you're navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues, we’re here to help you feel supported every step of the way.
No Stones Thrown Counseling is now accepting new clients in Massachusetts (in-person and telehealth) and Virginia (telehealth only). We support individuals facing a range of mental health challenges and provide a safe, judgment-free space for healing and growth. Whether you're navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues, we’re here to help you feel supported every step of the way.
(617) 934-6076 View (617) 934-6076
Photo of Athena Zazzaro, Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Athena Zazzaro
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Online Only
You can't always choose the problems you face, but at least you can choose your therapist. I’ve been working in the psychology field for over a decade, I provide a very client centered approach with individualized treatment plans and goals to help guide you. I primarily specialize in anxiety, ADHD, executive functioning, depression, trauma, medical trauma, communication issues, and grief.
You can't always choose the problems you face, but at least you can choose your therapist. I’ve been working in the psychology field for over a decade, I provide a very client centered approach with individualized treatment plans and goals to help guide you. I primarily specialize in anxiety, ADHD, executive functioning, depression, trauma, medical trauma, communication issues, and grief.
(857) 675-3095 View (857) 675-3095
Photo of Samantha K Marchena, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Samantha K Marchena
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
One of the most difficult conversations people can have is talking about themselves, but that is why therapy is so important: to give people the opportunity to practice how to talk and care for themselves. I would like to work with someone who wants to learn more about themselves, brainstorm on how to carry themselves, and find more ways to love themselves. Therapy is a wonderful place to rediscover what makes us who we are. Therapy is also a great place to take stalk on what we have in our life both the good and the needs improvement.
One of the most difficult conversations people can have is talking about themselves, but that is why therapy is so important: to give people the opportunity to practice how to talk and care for themselves. I would like to work with someone who wants to learn more about themselves, brainstorm on how to carry themselves, and find more ways to love themselves. Therapy is a wonderful place to rediscover what makes us who we are. Therapy is also a great place to take stalk on what we have in our life both the good and the needs improvement.
(339) 210-1701 View (339) 210-1701
Photo of Victoria Cross, Counselor
Victoria Cross
Counselor
Online Only
Hello, I'm Victoria, a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (MA) in the state of Massachusetts. With over 5 years of experience working with individuals and couples, being a therapist is my passion and I consider it an honor to work alongside you. At home, my family includes my beloved dog and cat, who occasionally make guest appearances during our sessions, adding a touch of warmth and comfort to our time together. My clients often describe my style as both direct and compassionate. I believe in providing feedback and encouragement every step of the way
Hello, I'm Victoria, a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (MA) in the state of Massachusetts. With over 5 years of experience working with individuals and couples, being a therapist is my passion and I consider it an honor to work alongside you. At home, my family includes my beloved dog and cat, who occasionally make guest appearances during our sessions, adding a touch of warmth and comfort to our time together. My clients often describe my style as both direct and compassionate. I believe in providing feedback and encouragement every step of the way
(781) 739-3461 View (781) 739-3461
Photo of Danielle Napolitano, Counselor
Danielle Napolitano
Counselor
Online Only
Welcome! My name is Danielle Napolitano, and I'm a licensed mental health counselor. Since 2017, I have been dedicated to helping adults of all ages navigate life’s challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and everyday stressors. I believe that therapy is most effective when built on a strong, trusting relationship, and I strive to create a space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered. My therapeutic approach is integrative, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Narrative Therapy, Relational Therapy, and Person-Centered Therapy.
Welcome! My name is Danielle Napolitano, and I'm a licensed mental health counselor. Since 2017, I have been dedicated to helping adults of all ages navigate life’s challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and everyday stressors. I believe that therapy is most effective when built on a strong, trusting relationship, and I strive to create a space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered. My therapeutic approach is integrative, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Narrative Therapy, Relational Therapy, and Person-Centered Therapy.
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Photo of Melissa Koster, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Koster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
I believe that warmth, openness, and humor will help to build a comfortable, trusting relationship where we can be empowered to work on your goals with conscious intent using a treatment approach that works best. I specialize in working with individuals , families and young children to young adults, focusing on stress, anxiety, depression, attentional difficulties, attachment, and life transitions my years of school counseling has prepared me to provide individual and family therapy utilizing a variety of techniques that best fit your needs. I have experience in CBT, DBT, skill building, intuitive , mindfulness and parent coaching.
I believe that warmth, openness, and humor will help to build a comfortable, trusting relationship where we can be empowered to work on your goals with conscious intent using a treatment approach that works best. I specialize in working with individuals , families and young children to young adults, focusing on stress, anxiety, depression, attentional difficulties, attachment, and life transitions my years of school counseling has prepared me to provide individual and family therapy utilizing a variety of techniques that best fit your needs. I have experience in CBT, DBT, skill building, intuitive , mindfulness and parent coaching.
(781) 660-7652 View (781) 660-7652
Photo of Russell Levine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Russell Levine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
smLevinew.Hello, I'm Russell. I have a client-centered, non-directive approach to therapy. This means that I believe in meeting you where you are and working together to explore your thoughts and feelings without imposing my own direction. I am also solution-focused, which means that after we discuss and explore a problem, I prefer to shift our focus towards finding solutions. If you're uncertain about what you want to work on and just feel that you could benefit from some support, I'm here to help. We can collaborate to identify what is difficult for you and what might help you move forward.
smLevinew.Hello, I'm Russell. I have a client-centered, non-directive approach to therapy. This means that I believe in meeting you where you are and working together to explore your thoughts and feelings without imposing my own direction. I am also solution-focused, which means that after we discuss and explore a problem, I prefer to shift our focus towards finding solutions. If you're uncertain about what you want to work on and just feel that you could benefit from some support, I'm here to help. We can collaborate to identify what is difficult for you and what might help you move forward.
(781) 653-6878 View (781) 653-6878
Photo of Heather Mancuso, Counselor
Heather Mancuso
Counselor
Online Only
Hello, I'm Heather, an experienced Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) based in Massachusetts. With over a decade of experience in mental health counseling, I've had the privilege of working in a variety of settings, including inpatient treatment, partial hospitalization, outpatient treatment, and in-home therapy. This diverse background has given me a well-rounded perspective on the unique challenges and needs of my clients. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and adults who are navigating anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Hello, I'm Heather, an experienced Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) based in Massachusetts. With over a decade of experience in mental health counseling, I've had the privilege of working in a variety of settings, including inpatient treatment, partial hospitalization, outpatient treatment, and in-home therapy. This diverse background has given me a well-rounded perspective on the unique challenges and needs of my clients. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and adults who are navigating anxiety, depression, and trauma.
(781) 996-3405 View (781) 996-3405
Photo of Emma Avruch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emma Avruch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Hi, I'm Em. During times of unmitigated stress, problems and worries pile up, creating emotional and psychic loads that block personal growth and hamper well-being. Therapy can increase the quality of life by giving us the space to let go of old patterns that no longer serve us and replace them with healthier, more effective ways of coping and relating to the world. Prior to becoming a licensed independent clinical social worker (LICSW), I attended Smith College School for Social Work, receiving my master's degree in clinical social work in 2019.
Hi, I'm Em. During times of unmitigated stress, problems and worries pile up, creating emotional and psychic loads that block personal growth and hamper well-being. Therapy can increase the quality of life by giving us the space to let go of old patterns that no longer serve us and replace them with healthier, more effective ways of coping and relating to the world. Prior to becoming a licensed independent clinical social worker (LICSW), I attended Smith College School for Social Work, receiving my master's degree in clinical social work in 2019.
(781) 782-2238 View (781) 782-2238
Photo of Shane MacDonald - OCD Specialist, Shane MacDonald, LICSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
OCD Specialist, Shane MacDonald, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Our broad goal––of course––is “the end of unnecessary suffering.” Sound about right? While we all strive for this, I specialize in helping folks with a very-unique kind of suffering: OCD. I can tell you that few people understand the pain and complexity of OCD—(even most therapists). I will listen intently to your unique story. Just know that I can introduce you to an arsenal of tools that can help: mindfulness, ERP (exposure and response prevention) and on and on. Yes, thoughts can be “sticky.” But––with hard work––if (or when) those thoughts come back around…they can be as quiet & as harmless as a yellow post-it.
Our broad goal––of course––is “the end of unnecessary suffering.” Sound about right? While we all strive for this, I specialize in helping folks with a very-unique kind of suffering: OCD. I can tell you that few people understand the pain and complexity of OCD—(even most therapists). I will listen intently to your unique story. Just know that I can introduce you to an arsenal of tools that can help: mindfulness, ERP (exposure and response prevention) and on and on. Yes, thoughts can be “sticky.” But––with hard work––if (or when) those thoughts come back around…they can be as quiet & as harmless as a yellow post-it.
(617) 675-2000 View (617) 675-2000
Photo of Chontae Roca, Counselor
Chontae Roca
Counselor
Online Only
Hello, I'm Chontae. With 8 years of experience as a clinician in both school and outpatient settings, I am passionate about supporting individuals of all ages to achieve stability in a client-centered manner. My approach to therapy is collaborative, and I enjoy working together with my clients to help them meet their treatment goals. I utilize strength-based and solution-focused modalities, as well as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing, to guide our sessions. These methods allow us to focus on your strengths and find practical solutions to the challenges you face.
Hello, I'm Chontae. With 8 years of experience as a clinician in both school and outpatient settings, I am passionate about supporting individuals of all ages to achieve stability in a client-centered manner. My approach to therapy is collaborative, and I enjoy working together with my clients to help them meet their treatment goals. I utilize strength-based and solution-focused modalities, as well as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing, to guide our sessions. These methods allow us to focus on your strengths and find practical solutions to the challenges you face.
(781) 992-2367 View (781) 992-2367
Photo of Richard Wiggill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Richard Wiggill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
I am skilled in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as well as specialized DBT protocols for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) including DBT Prolonged Exposure (DBT PE) and DBT for PTSD. These are proven methodologies for managing emotional and identity dysregulation, trauma, and concurrent suicidal and self-injurious behaviors. With a blend of creativity, consultation, and coaching, my goal is to provide personalized support for managing anxiety, mood, and trauma disorders in young people and adults aged 14 and above.
I am skilled in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as well as specialized DBT protocols for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) including DBT Prolonged Exposure (DBT PE) and DBT for PTSD. These are proven methodologies for managing emotional and identity dysregulation, trauma, and concurrent suicidal and self-injurious behaviors. With a blend of creativity, consultation, and coaching, my goal is to provide personalized support for managing anxiety, mood, and trauma disorders in young people and adults aged 14 and above.
(781) 691-2179 View (781) 691-2179
Photo of Katelyn Nkomo, Counselor
Katelyn Nkomo
Counselor
Online Only
Hi, I'm Katelyn, a licensed Mental Health Counselor in private practice in Massachusetts. Over the past 7 years, I've dedicated myself to validating the uniqueness of my patients, respecting the ebb and flow of life stressors, and celebrating victories across all age ranges. Do you ever find yourself thinking, “How did I get here, and how do I escape this doom loop?” If you see a pattern of feeling overwhelmed, unseen, or misunderstood, you’re not alone. Maybe you’ve forgotten what it feels like to not be exhausted or in survival mode. Healing and peace are within reach, and I can help you find them.
Hi, I'm Katelyn, a licensed Mental Health Counselor in private practice in Massachusetts. Over the past 7 years, I've dedicated myself to validating the uniqueness of my patients, respecting the ebb and flow of life stressors, and celebrating victories across all age ranges. Do you ever find yourself thinking, “How did I get here, and how do I escape this doom loop?” If you see a pattern of feeling overwhelmed, unseen, or misunderstood, you’re not alone. Maybe you’ve forgotten what it feels like to not be exhausted or in survival mode. Healing and peace are within reach, and I can help you find them.
(781) 678-4765 View (781) 678-4765
Photo of Maryann Whalen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maryann Whalen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
I began my career in the field of addictions in 1996 and haven't looked back since, having worked in both inpatient and outpatient settings for both addictions and dual diagnosis in the state of Massachusetts including Methdone and Suboxone clinics. Along the way I realized the need for further education and training in the areas of trauma and abuse, and am a certified member of the International Association of Trauma Professionals. In addition to this, I have gained a vast amount of knowledge in the areas of depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, parenting issues, relationship issues, LGBT issues
I began my career in the field of addictions in 1996 and haven't looked back since, having worked in both inpatient and outpatient settings for both addictions and dual diagnosis in the state of Massachusetts including Methdone and Suboxone clinics. Along the way I realized the need for further education and training in the areas of trauma and abuse, and am a certified member of the International Association of Trauma Professionals. In addition to this, I have gained a vast amount of knowledge in the areas of depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, parenting issues, relationship issues, LGBT issues
(781) 579-6723 View (781) 579-6723
1

See more therapy options for Everett

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Everett, MA

60+

Average cost per session

$154

Therapists in Everett, MA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
88% Depression
83% Stress
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Life Transitions
66% Family Conflict
43% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
90% Cigna and Evernorth
87% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Everett, MA see their clients

90% Online Only
10% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Everett?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.