Therapists in Arlington, MA

Photo of Andrew Loeser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Andrew Loeser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
2 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
If you’ve been spinning your wheels for a while, you don’t need another person to just watch them turn. You need someone to help you figure out how to get some traction and move in a positive direction. I'm here to help you gain traction. My clients often feel lost in hard times: they've moved to a new place, have relationship issues, or feel stuck in the past. Whether your struggles are recent or you've carried them for years, we will work together to build a path toward greater well-being, a deeper sense of purpose, and cultivate the practical tools you need to remain resilient when life is most difficult.
If you’ve been spinning your wheels for a while, you don’t need another person to just watch them turn. You need someone to help you figure out how to get some traction and move in a positive direction. I'm here to help you gain traction. My clients often feel lost in hard times: they've moved to a new place, have relationship issues, or feel stuck in the past. Whether your struggles are recent or you've carried them for years, we will work together to build a path toward greater well-being, a deeper sense of purpose, and cultivate the practical tools you need to remain resilient when life is most difficult.
(617) 665-7195 View (617) 665-7195
Photo of Siobhan Kerr - Siobhan Kerr, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CCTP
Siobhan Kerr, LCSW, CCTP
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CCTP
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Do you struggle with feeling anxious, replaying past traumatic moments over and over, or constantly running worst-case scenarios in your head? Do you lie awake at night anxiously planning the next day? I am the kind of therapist who likes to partner with you to make sense of what is happening and work with your mind and body to heal. We’ll use mindfulness strategies, and breathing techniques to help you find more peace, and be more present in your day. If you’re curious and open to trying new things, I am committed to being open, and patient, to drop my assumptions, and to be flexible, so you have the freedom to heal.
Do you struggle with feeling anxious, replaying past traumatic moments over and over, or constantly running worst-case scenarios in your head? Do you lie awake at night anxiously planning the next day? I am the kind of therapist who likes to partner with you to make sense of what is happening and work with your mind and body to heal. We’ll use mindfulness strategies, and breathing techniques to help you find more peace, and be more present in your day. If you’re curious and open to trying new things, I am committed to being open, and patient, to drop my assumptions, and to be flexible, so you have the freedom to heal.
(339) 233-4320 View (339) 233-4320
Photo of Ella Bitman - Ella Bitman, LICSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Ella Bitman, LICSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You don’t have to be falling apart to need support. You might be capable, appear to "have it all together" and still feel mentally overloaded, on edge, or stuck in patterns you’re ready to change. Therapy can help you feel steadier and more in control—without years of treatment or endless processing. I help anxious, overwhelmed clients feel more confident and grounded through practical, skills-based therapy. I work with adults navigating anxiety, stress, relationship challenges, and periods of change or uncertainty. Many of my clients want real tools and strategies—not just insight—to help them feel better and move forward.
You don’t have to be falling apart to need support. You might be capable, appear to "have it all together" and still feel mentally overloaded, on edge, or stuck in patterns you’re ready to change. Therapy can help you feel steadier and more in control—without years of treatment or endless processing. I help anxious, overwhelmed clients feel more confident and grounded through practical, skills-based therapy. I work with adults navigating anxiety, stress, relationship challenges, and periods of change or uncertainty. Many of my clients want real tools and strategies—not just insight—to help them feel better and move forward.
(339) 675-2344 View (339) 675-2344
Photo of Betty S. Paganis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Betty S. Paganis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Maintaining a sense of direction and remaining at peace can be hard in today’s world. While stress, anxiety, and sadness are all a part of life, sometimes these feelings grow and become obstacles to healthy day-to-day life. I help people seeking to cope with issues such as loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions and trauma. Whatever unique challenges you are facing right now, I commend you for seeking help. All of us can use a little help from time to time.
Maintaining a sense of direction and remaining at peace can be hard in today’s world. While stress, anxiety, and sadness are all a part of life, sometimes these feelings grow and become obstacles to healthy day-to-day life. I help people seeking to cope with issues such as loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions and trauma. Whatever unique challenges you are facing right now, I commend you for seeking help. All of us can use a little help from time to time.
(857) 763-3626 View (857) 763-3626
Photo of Brian Bermack, Psychologist, PsyD
Brian Bermack
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Immediate Openings! Are you struggling to get what you want out of life? Maybe you're having trouble figuring out what's getting in the way, and how to overcome those obstacles to be living the life you want. Perhaps you're an intelligent, high-achiever who doesn't feel as confident socially. You may be neurodivergent, anxious, or polyamorous, and looking for help in showing up in your life and relationships in more connected, confident ways. Or you struggle with chronic health issues or pain. I can help.
Immediate Openings! Are you struggling to get what you want out of life? Maybe you're having trouble figuring out what's getting in the way, and how to overcome those obstacles to be living the life you want. Perhaps you're an intelligent, high-achiever who doesn't feel as confident socially. You may be neurodivergent, anxious, or polyamorous, and looking for help in showing up in your life and relationships in more connected, confident ways. Or you struggle with chronic health issues or pain. I can help.
(781) 531-9573 View (781) 531-9573
Photo of Francesca A Vitale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Francesca A Vitale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Francesca is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) who specializes in life transitions, chronic health issues, adhd, anxiety, self-esteem, coping skills, and wellness. As both a therapist and yoga teacher, Francesca recognizes the substantial impact an individual's childhood, environment, relationships, and lived experiences have on one's mental and physical well-being.
Francesca is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) who specializes in life transitions, chronic health issues, adhd, anxiety, self-esteem, coping skills, and wellness. As both a therapist and yoga teacher, Francesca recognizes the substantial impact an individual's childhood, environment, relationships, and lived experiences have on one's mental and physical well-being.
(339) 330-8164 View (339) 330-8164
Photo of Johanna 'joey' Holliday - Johanna Holliday, LLC, Counselor, LMHC
Johanna Holliday, LLC
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
I'm excited support you in connecting with and deepening your understanding of your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors through empathy. This journey isn't about judging your past choices but rather embracing the opportunity to explore the patterns in your life. By cultivating this awareness together, you’ll empower yourself to create the positive changes you desire. I aim to help you understand how your past experiences shape your current life, including both the aspects you are conscious of and those you may not yet realize.
I'm excited support you in connecting with and deepening your understanding of your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors through empathy. This journey isn't about judging your past choices but rather embracing the opportunity to explore the patterns in your life. By cultivating this awareness together, you’ll empower yourself to create the positive changes you desire. I aim to help you understand how your past experiences shape your current life, including both the aspects you are conscious of and those you may not yet realize.
(339) 526-1438 View (339) 526-1438
Photo of Jessica Rafferty, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Jessica Rafferty
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Arlington, MA 02474
If you're here, it's likely because you're facing some obstacles that are hindering your progress towards achieving your goals and experiencing a sense of fulfillment in your daily life. These obstacles could manifest as symptoms of depression, such as a lack of motivation, feeling adrift, or a sense of disconnection. You may be experiencing anxiety, struggling with concerns about not measuring up, feeling overwhelmed by the prospect of making change, or feeling inadequate in some way. You might also be experiencing difficulties in your relationships, uncertain about your position in your life or feeling frequently distressed.
If you're here, it's likely because you're facing some obstacles that are hindering your progress towards achieving your goals and experiencing a sense of fulfillment in your daily life. These obstacles could manifest as symptoms of depression, such as a lack of motivation, feeling adrift, or a sense of disconnection. You may be experiencing anxiety, struggling with concerns about not measuring up, feeling overwhelmed by the prospect of making change, or feeling inadequate in some way. You might also be experiencing difficulties in your relationships, uncertain about your position in your life or feeling frequently distressed.
(508) 812-4020 View (508) 812-4020
Photo of Carryl P. Navalta, Psychologist, PhD
Carryl P. Navalta
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Cambridge Psychology Group where I work with people of all ages, including children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in treating individuals with anxiety, depression, traumatic stress, and attention problems. Additionally, I address a wide range of behavioral health concerns, such as mood, behavior, and interpersonal difficulties. My approach is collaborative, partnering with clients to develop personalized treatment plans that align with their priorities and values, ultimately enhancing their well-being and empowering them to lead full, meaningful lives.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Cambridge Psychology Group where I work with people of all ages, including children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in treating individuals with anxiety, depression, traumatic stress, and attention problems. Additionally, I address a wide range of behavioral health concerns, such as mood, behavior, and interpersonal difficulties. My approach is collaborative, partnering with clients to develop personalized treatment plans that align with their priorities and values, ultimately enhancing their well-being and empowering them to lead full, meaningful lives.
(617) 977-4770 View (617) 977-4770
Photo of Chuck Weinstein, Counselor, LMHC, CPRP, NCC, MCCS
Chuck Weinstein
Counselor, LMHC, CPRP, NCC, MCCS
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Waitlist for new clients
My practice is currently full; however, I do have a waitlist available. Drawing from over three decades of experience in mental health, addiction counseling, and psychiatric rehabilitation, I offer specialized, personalized approaches for both individuals and couples. In couples counseling, our focus is on enhancing communication and fostering skills to reignite connections and reopen hearts. I approach our work with utmost respect, collaboration, and a deep appreciation for your unique journey. You are the expert in your own experience, I provide unwavering support, strategies and realistic optimism.
My practice is currently full; however, I do have a waitlist available. Drawing from over three decades of experience in mental health, addiction counseling, and psychiatric rehabilitation, I offer specialized, personalized approaches for both individuals and couples. In couples counseling, our focus is on enhancing communication and fostering skills to reignite connections and reopen hearts. I approach our work with utmost respect, collaboration, and a deep appreciation for your unique journey. You are the expert in your own experience, I provide unwavering support, strategies and realistic optimism.
(339) 217-8830 View (339) 217-8830
Photo of Sarah Pawlowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Sarah Pawlowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Arlington, MA 02476
Waitlist for new clients
I am a licensed independent clinical social worker practicing virtually in Massachusetts. I received my bachelor’s degree in psychology from Wellesley College and my master’s degree in social work from Boston College. I have worked in schools, outpatient, and community-based settings over the past six years providing individual therapy, family therapy, parent coaching, and case management. I have extensive experience working with adolescents, young adults, and their families around issues of mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, and suicidality.
I am a licensed independent clinical social worker practicing virtually in Massachusetts. I received my bachelor’s degree in psychology from Wellesley College and my master’s degree in social work from Boston College. I have worked in schools, outpatient, and community-based settings over the past six years providing individual therapy, family therapy, parent coaching, and case management. I have extensive experience working with adolescents, young adults, and their families around issues of mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, and suicidality.
(781) 678-4480 View (781) 678-4480
Photo of Taylor Connolly, Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC
Taylor Connolly
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
You may feel overwhelmed by emotions, stuck in familiar patterns, or pulled in different directions internally. Anxiety, depression, trauma, or ADHD might show up as intense reactions, self-criticism, or disconnection from yourself or others. Often, these experiences reflect parts of you shaped by earlier life experiences that learned to protect or manage pain. Over time, you may begin to sense that these patterns are meaningful rather than random and that approaching them with curiosity and compassion can lead to greater clarity, self-trust, and more fulfilling relationships.
You may feel overwhelmed by emotions, stuck in familiar patterns, or pulled in different directions internally. Anxiety, depression, trauma, or ADHD might show up as intense reactions, self-criticism, or disconnection from yourself or others. Often, these experiences reflect parts of you shaped by earlier life experiences that learned to protect or manage pain. Over time, you may begin to sense that these patterns are meaningful rather than random and that approaching them with curiosity and compassion can lead to greater clarity, self-trust, and more fulfilling relationships.
(339) 217-3833 View (339) 217-3833
Photo of Dan Nudel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Dan Nudel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
The aim of my practice is to help reduce moments of suffering and discomfort while increasing moments of joy, connectedness and resilience. I focus on creating authentic, curious and challenging therapeutic relationships from which my clients and I explore and take on possible pathways to meaningful change. Shifting away from unhelpful patterns in our lives can be scary and overwhelming. I look forward to supporting you as you navigate the pain and joy that can come from the process of seeking positive change.
The aim of my practice is to help reduce moments of suffering and discomfort while increasing moments of joy, connectedness and resilience. I focus on creating authentic, curious and challenging therapeutic relationships from which my clients and I explore and take on possible pathways to meaningful change. Shifting away from unhelpful patterns in our lives can be scary and overwhelming. I look forward to supporting you as you navigate the pain and joy that can come from the process of seeking positive change.
(508) 538-3821 View (508) 538-3821
Photo of Neesi Hansen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Neesi Hansen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I am a therapist who works with adults and teens. I see therapy as a collaborative place of self-exploration. I use a strengths-based approach and will work with you to uncover patterns that no longer serve you and begin to practice more actualized ways of being yourself and relating to others. Some examples of concerns I work with are difficult transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, spirituality, and boundaries in familial or romantic relationships. LGBTQ+ folx of all colors (white/BIPOC/etc) are welcome to reach out! Please mention any RELEVANt identities you have when messaging me. Thank you!
I am a therapist who works with adults and teens. I see therapy as a collaborative place of self-exploration. I use a strengths-based approach and will work with you to uncover patterns that no longer serve you and begin to practice more actualized ways of being yourself and relating to others. Some examples of concerns I work with are difficult transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, spirituality, and boundaries in familial or romantic relationships. LGBTQ+ folx of all colors (white/BIPOC/etc) are welcome to reach out! Please mention any RELEVANt identities you have when messaging me. Thank you!
(781) 208-5876 View (781) 208-5876
Photo of Jason Ri, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Jason Ri
Counselor, MA, LMHC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
My purpose is to help individuals and groups become empowered to emerge as better versions of themselves, who are better able to reach their own goals. Healing and growth takes place in a safe and secure environment where we can cooperatively seek to understand your challenges and who you are in relation to them. I work well with adolescents, emerging adults, and established yet struggling adults.
My purpose is to help individuals and groups become empowered to emerge as better versions of themselves, who are better able to reach their own goals. Healing and growth takes place in a safe and secure environment where we can cooperatively seek to understand your challenges and who you are in relation to them. I work well with adolescents, emerging adults, and established yet struggling adults.
(617) 682-7720 View (617) 682-7720
Photo of Hanying Alexander, Counselor, LMHC, R-DMT
Hanying Alexander
Counselor, LMHC, R-DMT
2 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
I love working with people to explore ways to overcome challenges in life together. Many of my clients struggle with managing depression, anxiety, gender identity, emotion regulation and expression, dysfunctional family communication, traumatic experiences, as well as acculturation difficulties (you know, having trouble to "fit in" a new culture or a new environment). As many wise people said; if you are wonder about having a therapist, you should get one (me or someone else)!
I love working with people to explore ways to overcome challenges in life together. Many of my clients struggle with managing depression, anxiety, gender identity, emotion regulation and expression, dysfunctional family communication, traumatic experiences, as well as acculturation difficulties (you know, having trouble to "fit in" a new culture or a new environment). As many wise people said; if you are wonder about having a therapist, you should get one (me or someone else)!
(339) 330-3372 View (339) 330-3372
Photo of Julianne Giggie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Julianne Giggie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Arlington, MA 02476
As a clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience, my style is described as warm, empathic and open. Many clients begin treatment with a general sense of unease or a rupture. Feelings of anxiety, depression and loss begin to surface. We work collaboratively at ways of thinking, feeling and behaving to gain clarity on processing experiences. Then, we carefully build coping techniques and skills to achieve healthier, happier ways of moving through the world. Be safe. Be seen. Be heard.
As a clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience, my style is described as warm, empathic and open. Many clients begin treatment with a general sense of unease or a rupture. Feelings of anxiety, depression and loss begin to surface. We work collaboratively at ways of thinking, feeling and behaving to gain clarity on processing experiences. Then, we carefully build coping techniques and skills to achieve healthier, happier ways of moving through the world. Be safe. Be seen. Be heard.
(857) 663-0855 View (857) 663-0855
Photo of Andrea Rogers, Counselor, MS, LMHC
Andrea Rogers
Counselor, MS, LMHC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Whether you are experiencing a difficult life transition, working through feelings from a past trauma, or distressed by every day worries or fears, you are not alone. My practice is centered on helping adults age 18-65 navigate the challenges of anxiety and related conditions. My number one priority is to offer you a warm, supportive environment to explore your fears, experiences, relationships, thoughts, and feelings. When you are ready, I can offer you suggestions and techniques to help you meet your goals.
Whether you are experiencing a difficult life transition, working through feelings from a past trauma, or distressed by every day worries or fears, you are not alone. My practice is centered on helping adults age 18-65 navigate the challenges of anxiety and related conditions. My number one priority is to offer you a warm, supportive environment to explore your fears, experiences, relationships, thoughts, and feelings. When you are ready, I can offer you suggestions and techniques to help you meet your goals.
(339) 331-0394 View (339) 331-0394
Photo of Caregiving Parenting Amy Marchesano, Counselor, LMHC
Caregiving Parenting Amy Marchesano
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Are you a parent, living in the sandwich generation caring for everyone else and feeling like you lost yourself? As a seasoned clinician and parent, I can help you navigate these waters with compassionate support, education, mindfulness, & data driven techniques of positive psychology. I understand the landscape of parenting or caregiving, as you may feel exhausted, anxious, or have feelings of grief. I also have very specific experience with supporting caregivers of people living with a diagnosis of dementia from my work in the Frontotemporal Dementia unit at MGH. Please consider therapy your self-care!
Are you a parent, living in the sandwich generation caring for everyone else and feeling like you lost yourself? As a seasoned clinician and parent, I can help you navigate these waters with compassionate support, education, mindfulness, & data driven techniques of positive psychology. I understand the landscape of parenting or caregiving, as you may feel exhausted, anxious, or have feelings of grief. I also have very specific experience with supporting caregivers of people living with a diagnosis of dementia from my work in the Frontotemporal Dementia unit at MGH. Please consider therapy your self-care!
(339) 217-3932 View (339) 217-3932
Photo of Marah Pinnolis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MEd, PMH-C
Marah Pinnolis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MEd, PMH-C
Arlington, MA 02476
I specialize in individual therapy for young adults and new moms navigating anxiety, stress, and life changes. I can help you to see your strengths, build confidence, and gain clarity in your decision making processes. Maybe you are in college, a recent post grad, or a new mom looking for some extra support — I’m here to help. I offer in-person therapy in the Boston area and meet with clients online who are in Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and Washington DC.
I specialize in individual therapy for young adults and new moms navigating anxiety, stress, and life changes. I can help you to see your strengths, build confidence, and gain clarity in your decision making processes. Maybe you are in college, a recent post grad, or a new mom looking for some extra support — I’m here to help. I offer in-person therapy in the Boston area and meet with clients online who are in Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and Washington DC.
(857) 290-5345 View (857) 290-5345

See more therapy options for Arlington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, MA

400+

Average cost per session

$182

Therapists in Arlington, MA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
95% Social Anxiety
95% Health Anxiety
95% Driving Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
78% Relationship Anxiety

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
54% Aetna
50% Harvard Pilgrim

How Therapists in Arlington, MA see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.